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Introduction : Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. Cytotoxic chemotherapy or drugs exert a negative effect on fertility potential. Techniques,such as ovarian suppression, oocyte and embryo freezing, InVitro Maturation, and ovarian tissue freezing, are necessary to preserve fertility. Methods: To conduct this study, a query was conducted on Persian and English sources databases as Scoupus, Google Scholar, Pub Med, and Science Direct during the last 24 years using the following keywords: breast cancer, infertility, fertility preservation, oocyte freezing, and embryo freezing. Results: Based on the result15% to 25% of patients are young premenopausal women. Chemotherapy or radiation therapy can lead to infertility or early menopause. As suggested by evidence, the success rate of embryo freezing is much higher than oocyte freezing and In Vitro Maturation. Among the fertility preservation methods, ovarian tissue freezing and 3D bioprinting are in the laboratory research stage and have received much attention. Correct counseling and providing accurate information to patients and their timely referral have have a marked impact on improving their mental and physical condition and treating their underlying disease. Conclusion: As evidence by the result of this study, early diagnosis of breast cancer and timely referral to a fertility specialist enable , breast cancer patients to maintain their fertility and experience their biological child after aggressive cancer treatments.

Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is the main challenge in assisted reproductive technology (ART) practice. Sequential embryo transfer, in which both, cleavage-stage embryo on day 3 and blastocyst on day 5, are sequentially transferred in the same cycle, has been suggested for increasing embryo implantation in RIF patients. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of sequential embryo transfer versus double blastocyst embryo transfer on pregnancy outcomes in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)/frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles in RIF patients. This prospective study was enrolled 224 RIF patients undergoing ICSI/FET cycles and randomly divided to sequential and control groups. In sequential group, embryo transfer was conducted on day 3 (cleavage stage) and day 5 (blastocyst stage). In control group, two top-quality blastocysts were transferred on day 5. Two hundred and two couples accomplished the trial, and their data were analyzed. Results demonstrated that sequential embryo transfer on day 3 and day 5 compared to double blastocyst transfer on day 5 significantly increased implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and ongoing pregnancy rate in RIF patients (p-value = 0.0142, p-value = 0.0154, p-value = 0.0201, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in terms of chemical pregnancy rate, multiple pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate and ectopic pregnancy rate in the studied groups. Sequential embryo transfer is associated with improved pregnancy outcomes in RIF patients. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are required to validate these results.

Introduction: Critical appraisal skills are presumed to perform a principal part in evidence-based health education and practice methods. This study aimed to design an educational intervention around critical appraisal in this context, evaluate the efficacy of the teaching methods, and investigate critical appraisal skills training to undergraduate medical students. Methods: In this prospective Randomized Control Trial (RCT), 256 sixth-year undergraduate medical students from Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran, participated. 124 of the students were not taught critical thinking methods as a control group, and 132 participants were taught critical thinking methods by multimedia and attended an online Critical Appraisal Skills (CAS) training workshop as an intervention group. We used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) questionnaire to evaluate students’ knowledge, attitude, confidence, and appraisal skills. This questionnaire was translated into Persian for the first time in Iran by Shokooh Varai, et al. They investigated its validity and reliability, the reliability of the questionnaire being obtained by the Richardson Index (0.75), and the validity being confirmed by some faculty members of Tehran Nursing and Midwifery School. To compare both control and intervention groups, we used an independent t-test and a Chi-Square test at a significance level of 5%, and to analyze the demographic information, we applied some descriptive statistics: frequency, frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation. All of the statistical approaches were analyzed, using SPSS 22. Results: In all dimensions of the critical appraisal skills, medical students who completed the critical appraisal multi-media training and workshop performed better than those who did not (control group), and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Moreover, the Chi-Square test results showed no statistical relationship between the groups regarding the demographic