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Perovskite tandem solar cells on textured silicon hold potential for surpassing single‐junction limits and industrial compatibility. However, integrating hole‐transporting layers (HTLs) onto textured silicon poses challenges in conformal coating, low‐temperature fabrication, and perovskite solution process compatibility. Here, an atomic layer deposition (ALD) copper‐doping process is introduced to fabricate low‐temperature NiOx HTLs (ALD Cu:NiOx), tailored for textured tandems. Copper‐doping reduces hydroxyl group content and Ni3+ defects, addressing the challenge of enhancing hole conductivity while mitigating recombination loss. This advancement enables to lower the post‐annealing temperature from >300 to 200 °C, achieving compatibility with silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells and boosting the power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.65‐eV p–i–n perovskite solar cells to 22.47%. Integrating ALD Cu:NiOx beneath conventional self‐assembled monolayer HTL on textured SHJ leads to notable PCE enhancements, from 28.6% to 30.5% for 1‐cm2 tandems (certified stabilized PCE of 30.04%) and from 23.9% to 26.4% for 8.89‐cm2 tandems. Following 1000 h of maximum‐power‐point (MPP) tracking, tandems maintain 95% of initial efficiency. Notably, losses in open‐circuit voltage and PCE due to area upscaling reduced by over 20%, attributed to ALD Cu:NiOx’s ability to enhance perovskite film wettability and minimize shunting on silicon pyramid texture, underscoring its impacts for textured tandem upscaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adlay millet seeds are well known for excellent health benefits. However, using fungal fermentation to improve their nutritional and functional constituents and the underlying mechanisms has not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, we used Rhizopus oryzae as starter and applied metabolomics combining with quantitative verification to understand the changes of the nutritional and functional profiles of adlay millet seeds. Results showed that a total of 718 metabolites from 18 compound classes were identified. The fermentation with R. oryzae varied 203 differential metabolites, of which 184 became more abundant and 19 got less abundant, and many components such as amino acids, nucleotides, vitamins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenols significantly increased after the fermentation process. Interestingly, we found that R. oryzae synthesized high levels of two important beneficial compounds, S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) and β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NMN), with their contents increased from 0.56 to 370.26 μg/g and 0.55 to 8.32 μg/g, respectively. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of enriched metabolites revealed the amino acid metabolic pathways were important for conversion of the primary and secondary metabolites. Specifically, aspartate can up-regulate the biosynthesis of SAMe and β-NMN. These findings improved our understanding into the effects of R. oryzae fermentation on enhancing the nutritional and functional values of cereal foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, Dolichandrone spathacea is a rare and endangered semi-mangrove plant species with an extremely small population, naturally distributed only in Zhanjiang City and the east coast of Hainan Island. Despite conservation concerns, the population status of D. spathacea has received little scientific attention. In this study, we evaluated the current status of D. spathacea on Hainan Island, China, in order to propose sustainable conservation strategies for future ecological restoration of its natural population. D. spathacea on Hainan Island can be divided into four populations. All the D. spathacea populations present a state of overall dispersion, local concentration, and occasionally sporadic existence, and they exist in geographical isolation. The young, middle, and old D. spathacea plants account for 20.42%, 66.20%, and 13.38%, respectively, indicating that the D. spathacea population on Hainan Island is declining. Furthermore, instead of temporal structure, we used diameter at breast height (DBH) to establish a static life table, draw a population survival curve, and quantify the future development trend through population dynamic analysis and time-series prediction. These results suggest that the D. spathacea population in the Bamen Gulf (Wenchang) and Qingmei Harbor (Sanya) on Hainan Island is sensitive to external disturbances and possesses two main increases in mortality rate—namely, in its juvenile and mature stages—due to competition and anthropogenic interferences, which might be the most important reasons for its endangered status. Depending on the current conditions of the D. spathacea population, we should conserve and expand mature trees in situ, preserve their germplasm resources, rehabilitate their habitats to promote provenance restoration, and conduct artificial cultivation and spreading planting in order to realize the sustainable conservation and management of D. spathacea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) faces escalating challenges from increasing drought stress due to erratic climate patterns, threatening yields, and quality. Understanding mango's drought response mechanisms is pivotal for resilience and food security. Results: Our RNA-seq analyses unveil 12,752 differentially expressed genes linked to stress signaling, hormone regulation, and osmotic adjustment. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis identified three essential genes—WRKY transcription factor 3, polyamine oxidase 4, and protein MEI2-like 1—as drought defense components. WRKY3 having a role in stress signaling and defense validates its importance. Polyamine oxidase 4, vital in stress adaptation, enhances drought defense. Protein MEI2-like 1's significance emerges, hinting at novel roles in stress responses. Metabolite profiling illuminated Mango's metabolic responses to drought stress by presenting 990 differentially abundant metabolites, mainly related to amino acids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, contributing to a deeper understanding of adaptation strategies. The integration between genes and metabolites provided valuable insights by revealing the correlation of WRKY3, polyamine oxidase 4 and MEI2-like 1 with amino acids, D-sphingnosine and 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine. Conclusions: This study provides insights into mango's adaptive tactics, guiding future research for fortified crop resilience and sustainable agriculture. Harnessing key genes and metabolites holds promise for innovative strategies enhancing drought tolerance in mango cultivation, contributing to global food security efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]