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ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy of neuroendoscopy and small-bone-window craniotomy microsurgery in the treatment of supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.MethodsA search was conducted for Chinese randomized controlled trials on neuroendoscopy and small-bone-window craniotomy microsurgery treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage published before February 1, 2024, in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and China Science and Technology Journal Database. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software.ResultsWe included 9 randomized controlled trials, with 391 cases in the neuroendoscopy group and 403 cases in the craniotomy group. The meta-analysis results showed that compared to the small-bone-window craniotomy group, the neuroendoscopy group had a higher rate of hematoma clearance (95% CI [6.65, 18.52], p

A single-photon detection system based on InGaAs SPADs is a high-precision optical measurement system capable of detecting quantum-level optical signals. However, the afterpulsing effect when using InGaAs SPADs severely limits their practical utility. The impact of afterpulsing effects on the performance of systems based on this type of detector can no longer be ignored. Therefore, this paper provides a detailed analysis of the measurement errors induced by afterpulsing effects and proposes a correction method based on a power-law model. This method analyzes the probability distribution of afterpulsing effects using the power-law model and improves the expressions for the system’s average count rate and signal-to-noise ratio by calculating the average number of afterpulses within the average response time. The influence of afterpulse probability and dead time on the system’s average count rate is also analyzed. This afterpulse correction method mitigates the measurement errors caused by afterpulsing effects, thereby enhancing the system’s measurement accuracy.

Visible Light Communication (VLC) exploits visible light for high-speed data transmission; it serves as the medium for transmission using intensity modulation. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) grants concurrent resource access to users at the physical layer. One of the challenges faced in this access grant is the flickering effect of the perceptible lights. The intensity degradation reduces the access grant as the transmission medium is less utilized. An Access-centric Modulation and Decoding Technique (AMDT) is introduced for VLC systems to address this issue. The proposed technique identifies two influencing factors: the degrading rate and decoding interval. The first factor identifies the feeble access links due to flickering, and the second determines the variation for allocating access links based on degradation. The first factor is estimated using federated learning across the available access links. This learning calculates the degrading factor per interval after the available access links. The learning provides insight into the maximum and minimum variation that reduces or maximizes the decoding interval. Based on the available user access and degraded access links, further allocations are provided using high decoding rates. This process is amendable based on user density and light intensity regardless of the flickering rate.

There are several groups have implemented polarization encoding measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD). However, these groups use manual polarization controller to achieve the initial polarization state for encoders, and some of the encoders cannot fully satisfy the two bases for polarization encoding quantum key distribution. Here, we apply an all-fiber and calibration-free intrinsically stable polarization-modulated unit (APMU), which can maintain stable encoding for several hours without any calibration. A proof-of-principle demonstration of MDI-QKD based on our APMU is implemented with the four-intensity decoy state protocol. The proposed APMU can realize stable MDI-QKD encoding and simplify the operation for Alice and Bob, which makes the polarization encoding MDI-QKD more practical.

Semi-quantum key distribution is based on the basic principle of quantum mechanics, which allows a classical user and quantum user to use information theory to have a secure shared key. In 2021, our research group proved the first proof-of-principle experimental demonstration of semi-quantum key distribution and verified its feasibility. Due to the limitations of existing science and technology, the experimental system still features a combination of multiphoton signal source and loss in the transmission line. This makes semi-quantum key distribution as susceptible to a photon-number splitting attack as quantum key distribution, leading to limitations of secure transmission distance. It seems that practical single-state semi-quantum key distribution can overcome photon-number splitting attack due to the SIRT bits (also known as the “sifted key”). However, its dual-channel feature still opens up an observation window to Eve. We present two joint photon-number splitting attacks suitable for a single-state semi-quantum key distribution system and show that through the joint photon-number splitting attack, Eve can obtain key information without being detected by Alice or Bob.