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The notion of learning dispositions has extended conceptions of learning in early childhood education to incorporate dimensions such as habits of mind and patterns of behaviour. This paper conceptualizes learning dispositions through a Chinese lens, and with conceptualizing this notion, explores associated pedagogical practices. The data are drawn from the field notes in an early childhood classroom and focus group interviews with sixteen early childhood teachers and three early childhood experts. The evidence indicates that disposition is an essential component on the participants' construction of children's learning as well as a deliberate focus of teachers' teaching. However, it is also revealed that children's learning dispositions are something of paradox, offering the potential of a learner-centred pedagogy and yet are grounded in teaching plans, prescribed goals and specific activities. Findings interrogate the positioning of learning dispositions in relation to the wider discourse of children's learning in the Chinese early childhood context.

All‐solid‐state rechargeable batteries are regarded as one of the most promising next‐generation energy storage devices, while their cycling stability is still a great challenge due to the nonuniform lithium ion transportation and the loss of active lithium during cycling. Herein, a LiF embedded prelithiated graphite interface layer is designed and inserted between Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte layer and graphite anode layer. The presence of LiF, C−F bonds and prelithiated graphite in this unique interface layer can facilitate uniform lithium ion migration and compensate the loss of active lithium, thus significantly improving the cyclic performances of both monopolar and bipolar all‐solid‐state lithium ion batteries. After 100 cycles at 0.1 C, the capacity retention increases from 58 % to 78.5 % for the monopolar LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2|Li6PS5Cl|LiF@2.5 %Li@G|graphite all‐solid‐state lithium ion battery. Besides, the bipolar all‐solid‐state lithium ion batteries show a high discharge plateau of ~7.6 V with a capacity retention of 60.2 % after 190 cycles at 0.1 C. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of LiF embedded prelithiated graphite interface layer for improving the electrochemical performances of all‐solid‐state lithium ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shipping industry faces a pressing challenge with carbon emissions, prompting a focus on speed optimization for energy conservation and emission reduction. While much research has centered on optimizing speeds in oceans and rivers, canals have received less attention, despite their unique challenges of narrow waterways and busy locks. This study fills this gap by establishing a fuel consumption prediction model integrating key environmental factors such as water depth, width, and flow velocity. Drawing upon established methodologies in speed optimization, this study augments these models with waiting time limits for each canal segment. To validate the efficacy of the model, three representative ships are selected as case studies. The findings reveal a high predictive capability of the fuel consumption model, as evidenced by R2 values exceeding 0.97 across all cases. Notably, the optimization approach yields a fuel consumption reduction ranging from 4% to 5% for short waiting times. Furthermore, compared to conventional methods, the proposed optimization strategy achieves an 8.19% enhancement in fuel consumption and carbon emission reduction for long waiting times, culminating in an overall optimization rate of 11.54%. These results underscore the significance of employing the proposed speed optimization methodology, particularly during peak periods of canal congestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First‐principles calculations based on density functional theory were used to study the adsorption behaviors of Na on metallic mono‐layered C4N as electrode materials for Na‐ion batteries. The adsorption energy of Na atom was calculated to be 2.05 eV, which is much higher than Na bulk cohesive energy and sufficiently ensure stability and safety. It is worth noting that the Dirac‐type band structure of mono‐layered C4N has a ultrahigh capacity of 1945.89 mAh/g for Na‐ion batteries anode in theory. Remarkably, 2D C4N has a low diffusion barrier 0.071 and 0.075 eV for path I and path II, respectively. The average open circuit voltage is 1.383 eV when nine Na ions adsorbed on one side of mono‐layered C4N. All the excellent properties show that the mono‐layered C4N will be a potential development of anode materials for Na‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bolt may undergo a process from slight preload perturbation to significant preload reduction during its service life, it is a challenge to simultaneously detect both slight and significant bolt looseness based on the same waveform. Previous studies were prone to use direct wave or coda waves individually, which is suitable for a narrow range of bolt preload and cannot realize the full-range bolt preload reduction. To address this challenge, this article proposes a novel full-range bolt preload monitoring approach with multi-resolution using the time shifts of the direct wave and coda waves. Due to the difference in propagation paths, preload reduction induced time shift varies considerably between the direct wave and coda waves. By calculating the time shifts of the direct wave and coda waves, bolt looseness, including the slight preload perturbation and the significant preload reduction, can be simultaneously estimated. Based on the acoustoelastic effect and the wave path summation, a theoretical model is established, and the monitoring principles are presented. The analytical results show that the time shifts of the direct wave and coda waves are proportional to the preload variations. Validation experiments are carried out, and the results show that at specific preloading levels, the ultimate detectable resolutions of bolt preload (DRBP) using direct wave and coda waves are 1.68% and 0.32%, respectively. Therefore, the ultimate DRBP of the direct wave is 5.25 times that of the coda waves, indicating that the coda waves can be used as the "probe" with high resolution to detect tiny perturbations of preload, and the direct wave can function as a low-resolution "probe" to monitor significant preload deterioration. By calculating the time shifts of the direct wave and the coda waves, bolt looseness with different degrees can be monitored simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is converging evidence that young children's development of peer collaboration is crucial for their later success in life. However, little attention has been paid to how children develop collaboration as a lifelong capability. Drawing on the notion of learning disposition, this study explored Chinese children's dispositions of collaboration. Our aim was to identify the characteristics of these dispositions and considered how they might suggest a possible direction of growth. The research was conducted in a preschool classroom. Findings reveal an interwoven relation between children's collaboration and their learning decisions, where ideas of interest, fun, friend, help and responsibility were embedded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report, CoNi-bimetal metal–organic framework (CoNi-MOF) nanosheets with a three-dimensional (3D) flower-like hierarchical structure have been fabricated to modify a glassy carbon electrode and improve its efficiency for determination of quercetin. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and impedance spectroscopy were used for the characterization of the CoNi-MOF. Under optimal electrochemical conditions, the anodic peak current measured around 0.44 V (vs. SCE) increased linearly in two linear ranges: 0.05 to 1.0 μM and 1.0–20 μM with a sensitivity of 13.21 μA μM−1 cm2 and 0.934 μA μM−1 cm2, respectively. The excellent electrochemical performance might be attributed to the hierarchical structure, large specific surface area and enhanced electrical conductivity. Finally, the analytical utility of the CoNi-MOF sensor was evaluated by detecting quercetin in human plasma samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ship lock as a typical hydraulic structure has become an important node in waterway transportation. Due to the long operating life and high demand of throughput, many locks are under the overloaded operation situation. However, the service condition assessment of ship locks has rarely been directly studied, and there is a lack of an efficient and standardized method owing to the complex structure of the ship lock system. In this paper, a multi-level hierarchical system including 36 indexes was constructed based on the engineering breakdown structure theory. The synthetic weights of indexes were determined by the order relation method and entropy weight method combining subjectivity and objectivity. The extension cloud model combining the extension theory and cloud model was put forward, aiming to deal with the uncertainty of fuzziness and randomness in the evaluation process. Then, two typical locks were investigated, and the numerical scores indicated that their states belong to Level III and Level IV, respectively. The proposed method reveals the structural condition and provides theoretical reference for the maintenance of ship locks, which can be applied with generalizability and operability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Currently, two-dimensional (2D) materials with intrinsic antiferromagnetism have stimulated research interest due to their insensitivity to external magnetic fields and absence of stray fields. Here, we predict a family of stable transition metal (TM) borides, TMB12 (TM = V, Cr, Mn, Fe) monolayers, by combining TM atoms and B12 icosahedra based on first-principles calculations. Our results show that the four TMB12 monolayers have stable antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground states with large magnetic anisotropic energy. Among them, three TMB12 (TM=V, Cr, Mn) monolayers display an in-plane easy magnetization axis, while the FeB12 monolayer has an out-of-plane easy magnetization axis. Among them, the CrB12 and the FeB12 monolayers are AFM semiconductors with band gaps of 0.13 eV and 0.35 eV, respectively. In particular, the AFM FeB12 monolayer is a spin-polarized AFM material with a Néel temperature of 125 K. Moreover, the electronic and magnetic properties of the CrB12 and the FeB12 monolayers can be modulated by imposing external biaxial strains. Our findings show that the TMB12 monolayers are candidates for designing 2D AFM materials, with potential applications in electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]