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Five tigliane (1−5) and one ingenane (6) diterpenoids were isolated from the ethanol extract of Euphorbia tirucalli. The structures of these compounds were identified based on analysis of their spectroscopic data. Among them, compound 12-O-(2E,4E,6E,8E-tetradecatetraenoyl)-13-O-isobutyroyl-4β-deoxyphorbol (1) was a new tigliane. The Rho123 effluxion assay showed that tiglianes with a trans-fused 5/7 ring system such as compounds 1, 2, and 4 had potent inhibitory activity against P-glycoprotein in HepG2/ADR cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the guidance of MS/MS-based molecular networking, five new clerodane diterpenoid glucosides, tinosinesides R-V (1 – 5), along with 15 known diterpenoids (6–20), were isolated from the stems of Tinospora sinensis. Compound 1 represents the first example of diterpenoid bearing a thio sugar and compound 5 is the first 18,19-dinor-clerodane with cis -fused A/B ring. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic means, and their absolute configurations were established on the basis of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) based electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation and chemical methods. Selected compounds were evaluated for their immunomodulatory effect and several compounds could enhance the proliferation of B lymphocytes. Preliminary mechanistic studies disclosed that 3 could promote B cell generation and inhibit B cell differentiation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical fractionation of the EtOH extract of a medicinal macro fungus, Inonotus obliquus , afforded an array of lanostane-type triterpenoids (1 − 11) including two new ones (1 and 8). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, single crystal X-ray crystallography of 3 – 6 and biosynthetic considerations. With the confirmatory structural information provided by X-ray diffraction analysis in hand, several previously reported 21,24-cyclolanostanes, such as inonotsutriols A–C and (20 R ,21 S ,24 S)-21,24-cyclopenta-3 β ,21,25-trihydroxylanosta-8-ene, were structurally corrected. In addition, the NMR data of other types of 21,24-cyclo triterpenoids were also re-examined and structural revisions were thus suggested. Compounds 2 , 6 and 8 showed significant cytostatic effects against a panel of tumor cell lines with IC 50 values ranging from 7.80 to 18.5 μM. Further assays established that compound 2 exerted promising in vitro anti-breast cancer potential by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of 4T1 cells. [Display omitted] • Two new lanostane-type triterpenoids were isolated from fungus Inonotus obliquus. • The absolute configurations were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. • The structures of several previously reported 21,24-cyclolanostanes were corrected. • Selective compounds showed cytotoxicity against lung, breast & gastric tumor cells. • Compound 2 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation and migration of 4 T1 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two heterodimers including a clovane-phenylpropanoid hybrid ( 1 ) and a clovane-menthane hybrid ( 2 ), five linear sesquiterpenoids incorporating a tetrahydrofuran ring ( 3 - 6 & 8 ), and four steroids ( 7 & 9 - 11 ), were separated from the ethanolic extract of a well-known aromatic and medicinal herb Eupatorium fortunei . Their structures were characterised by detailed analyses of spectroscopic data and comparison with known analogues, with seven ( 1 - 7 ) of them being described for the first time. The hybrids 1 and 2 represent the first examples of clovane type sesquiterpenoids hybridising with other class of natural products, and compounds 3 - 6 and 8 are first linear sesquiterpenyl constituents reported from the title species. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on the NO production induced by LPS in murine RAW264.7 macrophage cells, and 1 , 7 , 10 and 11 exhibited moderate activity with IC 50 values in the range of 24.4-43.5 µM.