Search

Objective·To systematically review the effectiveness of actigraphy on the evaluation of circadian rhythm characteristics in patients with depression.Methods·A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CNKI, WanFang Data, and Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM), from the inception of each database to May 5th, 2023. Case control studies that used actigraphy to evaluate circadian rhythms in patients with depression and compared them with healthy controls were collected. Literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality of the included literature was evaluated by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.4 software.Results·A total of 9 articles were included, including 390 patients with depression and 288 healthy controls. The meta-analysis showed that the MESOR (midline statistic of rhythm) (SMD=-0.29, 95% CI -0.51 ‒ -0.07, P=0.009) of the circadian cosine function in patients with depression was lower than that in healthy controls; sleep onset (MD=33.06, 95% CI 14.90 ‒ 51.23, P=0.000) and sleep offset (MD=53.80, 95% CI 22.38 ‒ 85.23, P=0.000) were later in patients with depression than those in healthy controls; no statistical difference was found in the activity level of the most active 10 hours (SMD=-0.26, 95% CI -0.52 ‒ 0.01, P=0.060) between patients with depression and healthy controls, although there was a trend for lower activity in patients with depression; no statistical difference was found in the acrophase (MD=25.33, 95% CI -12.41 ‒ 63.06, P=0.190) of the circadian cosine function between patients with depression and healthy controls; no clear statistical significance of the difference was found in the amplitude (SMD=-0.14, 95% CI -0.42 ‒ 0.14, P=0.340) and the activity level of the least active 5 hours (SMD=0.31, 95% CI -0.10 ‒ 0.71, P=0.140) between patients with depression and healthy controls.Conclusion·Actigraphy can reflect circadian rhythm disruption in patients with depression to some extent, but the limited number of included studies and inconsistencies in the study populations and methodologies have affected the quality and results of the analyses. More high-quality clinical trials are needed to provide evidence.

Bipolar disorder, as a major mental illness, has a high lifetime suicide attempt rate in patients, and suicidal behavior is most likely to occur during depressive episodes. Therefore, in-depth study of its mechanism is essential for prevention, early detection and intervention of suicide. With the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology, it has been found that there are abnormalities in the brain structure and function in suicidal patients with bipolar disorder. This article reviews the studies on suicide in bipolar disorder patients by MRI from four aspects: structure, function, structure-function, and central metabolism and cerebral blood flow perfusion, and summarizes the suicide-related changes. This review focuses on distinguishing the brain MRI changes under different mood states and diverse definitions of suicide, aiming to provide reference for further exploration of the pathophysiological mechanism of suicide in bipolar disorder.

Objective To explore the clinical application of follicular unit extraction (FUE) hair transplantation in male androgen alopecia (AGA). Methods From August 2016 to September 2018, male AGA patients operated with FUE hair transplantation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.At one year after transplantation, clinical curative effect was evaluated by the survival hair density and follicles rate of FUE transplantation, meanwhile surgical complications, patient satisfaction rate and life quality score were measured and analyzed. Results A total of 126 male AGA patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included, with average age was (37±9.05) years and average disease course was (10±2.76) years.According to the Hamilton-Norwood grade standard, there were 5 grade Ⅱpatients, 55 grade Ⅲ patients, 54 grade Ⅳ patients, 10 grade Ⅴ patients, and 2 grade Ⅵ patients.At one year after transplantation, viable hair density on the anterior hairline and the top of the head was (65±7) FUs/cm2 and (43±4) FUs/cm2, respectively.The survival rate of hair follicles was more than 90%, even more than 95% among the 107 AGA patients.The effective rate was 100%(126/126), no serious complications occurred, and the satisfaction rate of patients was 97.6%(123/126).Besides, the scores of physical function, psychological function, social function and material life status of 126 AGA patients were significantly increased than those before transplantation (all P < 0.01). Conclusions FUE hair transplantation has significant clinical effect, and is highly safe and effective.With the potential to dramatically improve life quality, it can be widely applied in treatment of AGA.

In order to solve the problem of correct monitoring of underground roadway shape variables, a monitoring algorithm of underground roadway shape variables based on laser radar is designed based on the installation of high-precision laser radar and vehicle aided positioning system in underground intelligent vehicle; the overall framework of the monitoring algorithm is established, and the key technologies in laser radar data acquisition and preprocessing are described in detail; based on the existing knowledge accumulation of underground roadway scene monitoring and around the feature extraction of discrete points, an improved special point registration algorithm is constructed, which solves the problem that the feature points of roadway scene are sparse and can not be registered effectively; the distance from point to surface is used to pick out outliers, quickly calculate the offset of points, quickly extract high-density outliers through the density clustering algorithm of DBSCAN, quickly screen the deformation area, analyze the deformation degree, and realize the intelligent deformation monitoring of underground roadway surface. The test results show that the roadway deformation monitoring algorithm based on laser radar can monitor the roadway surface shape changes under logging in real time, dynamically and accurately, and can ensure the normal operation of underground roadway and protect the safety of miners’ life and property.

Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, threatening the health of millions of people. Herein, we explored a blood glucose independent function of coptisine on diabetic nephropathy. A diabetic rat model was established by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Coptisine treatment (50 mg/kg/day) retarded body weight loss and reduced blood glucose. On the other hand, coptisine treatment also decreased kidney weight and the levels of urinary albumin, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen, indicating an improvement of renal function. Treatment with coptisine also mitigated renal fibrosis, with alleviative collagen deposition. Likewise, in vitro study showed that coptisine treatment decreased apoptosis and fibrosis markers in HK-2 cells treated with high glucose. Furthermore, after coptisine treatment, the activation of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NRLP3) inflammasome was repressed, with decreased levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18, indicating that the repression of NRLP3 inflammasome contributed to the effect of coptisine on diabetic nephropathy. In conclusion, this study revealed that coptisine mitigates diabetic nephropathy via repressing the NRLP3 inflammasome. It is indicated that coptisine may have the potential to be used in the diabetic nephropathy treatment.

In order to effectively prevent the spontaneous combustion of coal and make up for the shortcomings of existing fire-extinguishing materials, a new type of high water-resistant capsule material was developed by adding gluconolactone based on sodium alginate and light calcium carbonate. First, by analyzing the influence of different material content on the molding time and water retention performance of high-water capsules, it is concluded that high-water capsule with a ratio of 2%SA+0.5%PCC+1%GDL has better fluidity and slow molding speed, 2.5%SA+1%PCC+1%GDL high-water capsule has stronger water retention and faster forming speed. Then, the temperature programmed experiment was used to analyze the change of the concentration of the iconic gas during the heating process of the coal sample. The results showed that the CO production of the coal sample with the high water capsule was reduced, and the temperature of the C2H4 gas increased, indicating that the high water capsule has a certain inhibition effect on coal oxidation.

In order to promote gas drainage in low-permeability coal seams, implement the optimization of enhancing permeability and promoting gas drainage technology by liquid CO2 injection into freeze-thaw cracked coal seams, taking Changcun Coal Mine as the research background, using nuclear magnetic resonance, ultrasonic detection and other methods, the evolution of coal pore structure and damage mechanism under different freezing times of liquid CO2 are analyzed. The research results show that the macroscopic cracks of the coal sample gradually change significantly after freezing and thawing for 50 minutes. With the increase of the fracture time, the shear and longitudinal waves of the coal body gradually decrease, and the reduction rates of longitudinal and shear waves are in the range of 5.55% to 34.33% and 3.72% to 17.44% respectively; pores of various sizes in the coal body gradually develop, and the growth rate of full-pore T2 spectrum area increased from 28.67% to 61.49%, and the pore connectivity of the coal body was strengthened, which was conducive to improving the permeability of the coal body.

The antisolvent‐assisted spin‐coating still lags behind the thermal evaporation method in fabricating perovskite films atop industrially textured silicon wafers in making monolithic perovskite/silicon solar cells (P/S‐TSCs). The inhomogeneity of hole‐selective self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) often arises from the insufficient bonding between hygroscopic phosphonic acid anchors and metal oxide. To address this, a mixed‐SAM strategy (Mx‐SAM) is proposed to enhance the adsorption energy of SAMs on the ITO surface, facilitate the formation of dense and humidity‐resistant hole‐selective layer (HSL) on substrates, and improve hole transport capabilities. With the aid of the Mx‐SAM strategy, the optimized wide‐bandgap PSCs achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.63% with an exceptionally high fill factor (FF) of 86.67% using the 1.68 eV perovskite. Moreover, they exhibited enhanced stability under damp‐heat conditions (ISOS‐D‐3, 85% RH, 85 °C) with a T90 of 900 h for encapsulated PSCs, representing one of the best performances for wide‐bandgap PSCs. When further extending the Mx‐SAM strategy to making P/S‐TSCs using silicon wafers from industry, a remarkable efficiency of 28.07% is reached while upholding outstanding reproducibility. This strategy holds significant promise for the feasibility of fabricating industrially‐compatible P/S‐TSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite observer based finite time control of nonlinear systems in case of multiple disturbances is studied in this article, wherein the disturbances contain two parts, the first type is the harmonic disturbance with modeling errors, and all other disturbances are classified as the second type, known as lumped disturbances. To give estimation of the harmonic disturbance and the lumped disturbances, a disturbance observer (DO) and the extended state observer are constructed, respectively. On this basis, a finite‐time elegant anti‐disturbance controller is presented by combing DO‐based control, active disturbance rejection control, backstepping technique and the finite time command filter method. Eventually, it is proved that the design method put forward in this article is correct and feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Frailty often requires intensive care, and the admission outcomes of frail patients are often poor. However, owing to the lack of reliable diagnostic indicators, quickly identifying frailty is challenging. The present study aimed to explore the associations of the platelet/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (PHR; a novel inflammatory indicator) with frailty and all-cause mortality. Methods: The present study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018. Frailty was assessed on the basis of the 49-item Frailty Index. The associations of the PHR with frailty and long-term survival prognosis were explored through weighted logistic regression, weighted restricted cubic spline (RCS), and weighted Cox regression, with adjustments for demographic factors, lifestyle, blood lipids, medication history, and complications. In addition, subgroup and interaction analyses were conducted. Finally, several sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: A total of 15,615 adult participants were included, with 7,928 women (53.63%) and an average age of 60.76 years. After fully adjusting for confounding variables, the prevalence of frailty in the highest PHR quartile group of was significantly greater than that in the lowest quartile group (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.04–1.47; P = 0.02). The RCS showed that the inflection point was 166.7. Before and after the inflection point, the PHR was negatively associated (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80–0.97, P = 0.01) and positively associated (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02–1.19, P = 0.01) with frailty, respectively. Subgroup analysis suggested that the association between PHR and frailty was stronger in women than in men. A total of 5,544 frail participants were included in the survival analysis. The RCS revealed that the PHR was associated with the all-cause mortality risk of frail participants in a U-shaped manner, with an inflection point of 240.4. Before and after the inflection point, the PHR decreased (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81–0.97, P = 0.01) and the all-cause mortality risk increased (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.14, P = 0.01), respectively. Conclusion: The present study suggests that there is a J-shaped association between PHR and frailty in the adult population of the United States and that the association between the PHR and frailty is stronger in women. In addition, the PHR has a U-shaped relationship with the all-cause mortality risk of frail patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synchronization of multi‐layer networks can greatly improve production and life efficiency, thus having important research significance. In this article, the finite‐time pinning synchronization control strategy is investigated for multi‐layer networks. A new finite‐time pinning controller, which not only considers the intra‐layer coupling connection, but also the inter‐layer coupling connection, is designed. The pinning synchronization criteria for the multi‐layer networks is established based on the finite‐time control protocols. Additionally, the corresponding convergence analysis are also provided. Finally, the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results is illustrated using three comparison methods in a two‐layer network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracting hot‐carriers before they relax back to the band edge will reduce thermal dissipation above the bandgap, which is one of the primary sources of efficiency loss in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It requires slow cooling of hot‐carriers together with the efficient extraction of hot‐carriers. Here, a novel interface engineering is demonstrated by embedding radical‐containing nanographene (r‐NG●) between perovskite and poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐amine] (PTOAA) to harvest this excess energy. This strategy accelerates the extraction rate of the hot‐hole (3 times that of control at 400 K) by augmenting the relaxation channel, which is related to the "quasi‐SOMO" energy state of r‐NG●. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics calculation further revealed that radical character promotes the rotation of the cation in perovskite, which contributes to generating strong nonadiabatic couplings and multiple phonon modes. In addition, the band bending effect of buried perovskite and improved conductivity of PTOAA also facilitate exciton dissociation and hole collection efficiency (97.5%). Consequently, the resultant r‐NG● decorated PSCs delivered an impressive efficiency of 24.20%, along with better thermal and humidity stability. Moreover, it can maintain 93% of its initial efficiency after 300 hours of illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abradable seal coatings represent a critical technology within the realm of advanced power systems, designed to minimize airflow channel leakage, thereby reducing energy consumption and enhancing overall efficiency. In the present study, CuAl/BN, CuAlLaF3/BN, and CuAlY/BN abradable seal coatings were prepared using plasma spraying technology. Both the as-deposited coatings and high-temperature oxidation-treated coatings were comprehensively investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), open-circuit potentials (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), salt-spray corrosion testing, and bond strength evaluations. The results show that the addition of rare earth elements to the CuAl/BN coatings does not enhance the corrosion resistance of the coatings and even leads to a decrease in the corrosion resistance of the coatings. In contrast, the CuAlY/BN coatings exhibited a significant improvement in corrosion resistance following an oxidation treatment at 550 °C. This enhancement is attributed to the yttrium (Y) element, which facilitates the formation of passivation films and confers a resistance effect, thereby bolstering the coatings' resistance to corrosion. The bond strength of the high-temperature oxidation-treated CuAlY/BN coating was improved by about 30% after 960 h of salt-spray corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the relationship among serum 25（OH）D level, IgE-mediated food allergy and the severity of atopic dermatitis （AD） in infants. Methods Seventy-seven children with moderate to severe AD were enrolled in the study group, and 40 healthy children were selected in the control group. The serum levels of 25（OH）D were statistically compared between AD children with and without IgE-mediated food allergy, and the correlation between serum 25（OH）D level and the severity of AD （Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis （SCORAD））was analyzed. Results Among the 77 children with AD, 19 AD cases （24.7%） were complicated with IgE-mediated food allergy. Compared with AD children without food allergy, the serum 25（OH）D level was significantly decreased in those complicated with food allergy （P < 0.001）. There was no significant difference in serum 25（OH）D level between the control group and the moderate AD group （P > 0.05）, whereas the serum 25（OH）D level in the severe AD group was significantly lower compared with that in the moderate AD group （P < 0.05）. There was no significant correlation between serum 25（OH）D level and SCORAD in AD children （P > 0.05）. Conclusion AD infants complicated with IgE-mediated food allergy or those with severe AD are more likely to have low serum levels of 25（OH）D, whereas there is no significant correlation between the severity of AD and serum 25（OH）D level.