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Background and purpose: Nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is rare but important for thyroid surgery. This study aimed to explore the anatomical characteristics of NRLN and the clinical significance of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM), so that surgeons could better protect the function of NRLN during surgery and reduce the risk of nerve injury. Methods: A total of 1 600 patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) exposure in thyroid surgery who were treated at Department of General Surgery in First People's Hospital of Anqing, from January 2015 to September 2020, were selected as the study subjects. The exposure and injury of NRLNs were analyzed retrospectively. IONM of vagus nerve and RLN was used for detecting the function of nerves. Results: The total number of RLNs exposed during the operation was 2 312 in 1 600 patients, of which 5 patients with NRLNs (0.31%) were found. All NRLNs were found on the right side, including 2 cases of type I, 1 case of type H A and 2 cases of type H B. The exposure time of NRLN was (11.38±1.59) minutes. All the 5 patients had aberrant subclavian artery that arose directly from the aortic arch detected by preoperative CT scanning. No related postoperative complication occurred. Conclusion: The incidence of NRLN is low, and most of them exist on the right side. If preoperative examination indicates the variation of subclavian artery, the existence of NRLN should be considered. With the help of IONM, NRLN can be found in time, and complications can be effectively avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the predictive value of superficial retinal capillary plexus (SRCP) and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) for visual field recovery after optic cross decompression and compare them with peripapillary nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC)., Methods: This prospective longitudinal observational study included patients with chiasmal compression due to sellar region mass scheduled for decompressive surgery. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare retinal vessel density and retinal layer thickness pre- and post-operatively and with healthy controls. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between preoperative GCC, pRNFL, SRCP, and RPC parameters and visual field recovery after surgery., Results: The study included 43 eyes of 24 patients and 48 eyes of 24 healthy controls. Preoperative RPC and SRCP vessel density and pRNFL and GCC thickness were lower than healthy controls and higher than postoperative values. The best predictive GCC and pRNFL models were based on the superior GCC [area under the curve (AUC)=0.866] and the tempo-inferior pRNFL (AUC=0.824), and the best predictive SRCP and RPC models were based on the nasal SRCP (AUC=0.718) and tempo-inferior RPC (AUC=0.825). There was no statistical difference in the predictive value of the superior GCC, tempo-inferior pRNFL, and tempo-inferior RPC (all P >0.05)., Conclusion: Compression of the optic chiasm by tumors in the saddle area can reduce retinal thickness and blood perfusion. This reduction persists despite the recovery of the visual field after decompression surgery. GCC, pRNFL, and RPC can be used as sensitive predictors of visual field recovery after decompression surgery., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: Yu WJ, None; Xiao J, None; Wang GX, None; Jiang C, None; Zha W, None; Liao RF, None., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

Profenofos residues in the environment pose a high risk to mammals and non-target organisms. In this study, the biodegradation and detoxification of profenofos in an efficient degrading strain, Cupriavidus nantongensis X1 T , was investigated. Strain X1 T could degrade 88.82 % of 20 mg/L profenofos in 48 h. The optimum temperature and inoculation amount of strain X1 T for the degradation of profenofos were 30-37 °C and 20 % (V/V), respectively. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that strain X1 T could degrade both profenofos and its main metabolite 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol. Metabolite toxicity analysis results showed that dehalogenation was the main detoxification step in profenofos biodegradation. The key gene and enzyme for profenofos degradation in strain X1 T were also explored. RT-qPCR shows that organophosphorus hydrolase (OpdB) was the key enzyme to control the hydrolysis process in strain X1 T . The purified enzyme OpdB in vitro had the same degradation characteristics as strain X1 T . Divalent metal cations could significantly enhance the hydrolysis activity of strain X1 T and enzyme OpdB. Meanwhile, strain X1 T could degrade 60.89 % of 20 mg/L profenofos in actual field soil within 72 h. This study provides an efficient biological resource for the remediation of profenofos residual pollution in the environment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)