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This study conducts a risk analysis and assessment of the vulnerability of individual sectors in Zagreb to the impacts of climate change. By examining key sectors such as infrastructure, agriculture, and public health, the research identifies potential risks and susceptibility associated with climate change in the region. The findings aim to inform policymakers and stakeholders about the specific challenges faced by Zagreb and suggest strategies to enhance resilience and adaptability in the face of changing climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the period between the two world wars, Zagreb did not have a general regulatory basis according to which it would develop. Partial regulatory bases are created for individual areas. The western part of the city, which is bounded by the Republic of Austria Street in the east, Ilica in the north, the railway line in the south and the Črnomerca stream in the west, and which was included in the Regulatory basis from 1887 as an extension of the Lower Town, is being built by interpolating the blocks according to several regulatory bases created for individual regions. Industrial complexes, which at that time had priority over military ones, did not leave a significant urban element in the urban sense, and exceptions are rare, such as the administration building of the Factory "Hinka Francka sinovi d.d.". The construction in the western part of Zagreb between the two world wars was of a lower design and, in terms of construction, of lower quality than the previous era.

Western part of Zagreb is delineated by the Street of the Republic of Austria on the east side, Ilica Street in the north, the railway line in the south and the Črnomerec stream in the west. It was enclosed into a masterplan for the first time in the Regulatory Plan from 1887 and envisaged as the extension of the Lower Town to the west. In the first Regulatory Plan of Zagreb from 1865, only the square in front of the railway station was located there, while the rest was not encompassed. Since the opening of the first railway station in 1862, industrial plants have been randomly built into the western part of the city. In 1878 the City Waterworks were put into operation and at that occasion the first Waterworks Road (Vodovodna cesta) was staked out, connecting Ilica, the historical roadway in the north (since the 15th century), with the City Waterworks. In Milan Lenuci’s Regulatory Plan from 1907 the western part of the city retained its layout. The only urban planning since the end of the 19th century until the First World War in the western part of Zagreb was implemented with the aim of connecting six army barrack complexes.

The study analyzed available data series of the Sava River's water temperature measured at the Zagreb gauging station. Official data from the Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ) in Zagreb were utilized. Over the 73 years from 1948 to 2020, there are only 53 years with complete measurement records. Despite this limiting fact, it was considered important to analyze the behavior of the Sava River's water temperatures in Zagreb over the past 70 years, during which a significant increase in air temperatures has been observed in the region, particularly in the city of Zagreb. Analyses were conducted on the characteristic (minimum, mean, and maximum) water temperatures over timescales of years, months, and days. The relationship between water temperatures (TW) and air temperatures (TA) measured at the Grič Observatory and the flows (Q) of the Sava River in Zagreb were investigated. A trend of rising water temperatures was observed throughout the entire period from 1948 to 2020, with the intensity significantly increasing in the recent period starting from 1988. The trend of rising air temperatures is the primary driver of the increase in the water temperatures of the Sava River in Zagreb. However, the impact of reduced water flow, especially during the warm season, should not be overlooked. This effect is amplified by the observed trend of decreasing minimum flows of the Sava during the warm season, from June to September. As a result, the most significant rise in water temperatures of the Sava River in Zagreb occurs during prolonged low-water summer periods, particularly in July. A strong trend has been observed in the increasing number of days per year with mean daily water temperatures of the Sava River exceeding 20 °C. This higher water temperature occurs increasingly earlier in the year, lasts longer, and ends later, often extending into September. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study involves an investigation into the grain size distribution and provenance of the sand deposited near Zagreb (Croatia) in the riverbed of the regionally important, almost 1000 km long Sava River, which connects several SE European countries. Recent research in the study area has mainly focused on the deposits forming the Zagreb alluvial aquifer system, rather on the Sava River sediment deposited in its riverbed, which is the focus of this study. The grain size distribution results obtained by dry sieving and laser granulometry showed a predominately fine and medium sand deposition at riverbanks and sand point bars. Medium sand increased downstream towards the east, within the artificially more channelized riverbed in the urban area. Fine sand prevailed 50 km further downstream in a more meandering low-relief area, near the city of Sisak and Lonjsko Polje Nature Park. Provenance analysis showed predominately carbonate sand in the western part of the city of Zagreb, originating from distant (Alpine) and local (Medvednica Mt. and Samobor Hills) sources. More siliciclastic sand was deposited in the Sava riverbed in the middle and eastern parts of Zagreb, originating mainly from the Medvednica Mt. The prevailing siliciclastic sand further downstream of the Sava River is probably sourced from the Kupa River tributary. Although various studies of the Zagreb alluvial aquifer system have been conducted so far, this study represents a novelty in its investigation into the grain size distribution of the Sava riverbed sand itself, setting the foundations for investigations in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seroprevalence of lyssaviruses in certain bat species has been proven in the Republic of Croatia, but there have been no confirmed positive bat brain isolates or human fatalities associated with bat injuries/bites. The study included a retrospective analysis of bat injuries/bites, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and geographic distribution of bat injuries in persons examined at the Zagreb Antirabies Clinic, the Croatian Reference Centre for Rabies. In the period 1995–2020, we examined a total of 21,910 patients due to animal injuries, of which 71 cases were bat-related (0.32%). Of the above number of patients, 4574 received rabies PEP (20.87%). However, for bat injuries, the proportion of patients receiving PEP was significantly higher: 66 out of 71 patients (92.95%). Of these, 33 received only the rabies vaccine, while the other 33 patients received the vaccine with human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG). In five cases, PEP was not administered, as there was no indication for treatment. Thirty-five of the injured patients were biologists or biology students (49.29%). The bat species was confirmed in only one of the exposure cases. This was a serotine bat (Eptesicus serotinus), a known carrier of Lyssavirus hamburg. The results showed that the bat bites were rather sporadic compared to other human injuries caused by animal bites. All bat injuries should be treated as if they were caused by a rabid animal, and according to WHO recommendations. People who come into contact with bats should be strongly advised to be vaccinated against rabies. Entering bat habitats should be done with caution and in accordance with current recommendations, and nationwide surveillance should be carried out by competent institutions and in close collaboration between bat experts, epidemiologists and rabies experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the period between the two world wars, Zagreb did not have a general regulatory basis according to which it would develop. Partial regulatory bases are created for individual areas. The western part of the city, which is bounded by the Republic of Austria Street in the east, Ilica in the north, the railway line in the south and the Črnomerca stream in the west, and which was included in the Regulatory basis from 1887 as an extension of the Lower Town, is being built by interpolating the blocks according to several regulatory bases created for individual regions. Industrial complexes, which at that time had priority over military ones, did not leave a significant urban element in the urban sense, and exceptions are rare, such as the administration building of the Factory "Hinka Francka sinovi d.d.". The construction in the western part of Zagreb between the two world wars was of a lower design and, in terms of construction, of lower quality than the previous era [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western part of Zagreb is delineated by the Street of the Republic of Austria on the east side, Ilica Street in the north, the railway line in the south and the Črnomerec stream in the west. It was enclosed into a masterplan for the first time in the Regulatory Plan from 1887 and envisaged as the extension of the Lower Town to the west. In the first Regulatory Plan of Zagreb from 1865, only the square in front of the railway station was located there, while the rest was not encompassed. Since the opening of the first railway station in 1862, industrial plants have been randomly built into the western part of the city. In 1878 the City Waterworks were put into operation and at that occasion the first Waterworks Road (Vodovodna cesta) was staked out, connecting Ilica, the historical roadway in the north (since the 15th century), with the City Waterworks. In Milan Lenuci’s Regulatory Plan from 1907 the western part of the city retained its layout. The only urban planning since the end of the 19th century until the First World War in the western part of Zagreb was implemented with the aim of connecting six army barrack complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid technological advances in recent decades have led researchers to refine the accuracy of their studies. In the field of acoustics, the impact of new devices is noticeable, especially in the investigations of cultural heritage buildings. The selection of a seat in theatres and concert halls has always been a concern, since the live experience of artistic performance depends on the quality of hearing and sight view. This paper deals with the elaboration of 360° acoustic maps made in the National Theatre of Zagreb, one of the opera theatres investigated with the Sipario project. The analysis of the main acoustic parameters has been carried out, starting with site measurements describing the acoustic response at various representative points of the main hall by covering the audience area. In addition, acoustic maps have been created for some selected positions based on a 3-degree-of-freedom (3dof) technique that allows a panoramic visualization of the impulse responses (IRs). This methodology completes the determination of early and late reflections that contribute to the acoustic quality of a place. In addition to the interest of experts in acoustics, this methodology can also be adopted by music lovers who can find a reasonable explanation for seat selection when booking their tickets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Czech pianist Ludmila Zadrobilkova (1844–1872) began her concert career very early and became known throughout Europe. On tour, she also visited Croatia and Slavonia in 1861 and 1862, where she was extremely well received in the spirit of Slavism, with numerous ovations, flowers and occasional songs which were presented to her in concerts held in Zagreb, Karlovac, Đakovo and Osijek. In this paper, the media coverage of her concerts in the domestic and foreign press of the time is surveyed with the aim of identifying the main elements that contributed to her success. On the other hand, on the basis of archival material, hitherto unknown or neglected elements of her private life are illuminated, such as the period of her life in Osijek from 1866 to 1869. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several strong earthquakes hit Croatia in 2020. Such earthquakes, after a long absence of strong seismic activities in the country, in combination with material degradation, lack of maintenance and structures that were built before modern seismic regulations, culminated with extensive damage to the existing building stock. Existing unreinforced masonry (URM) structures are quite vulnerable to earthquakes, largely due to a lack of connectivity between structural parts. The numerous damaged buildings emphasize the need to preserve, restore and strengthen URM structures, especially the ones under heritage protection. The main focus of this paper is on the first step of the assessment process, which is to determine the mechanical properties of masonry. For that purpose, the flat-jack method is used. Through stress transfer from a flat-jack to the masonry useful information can be obtained. The results of the extensive post-earthquake flat-jack tests (single, double and shear) on 17 case studies in Croatia are presented. The results are critically discussed and the mechanical properties of brick masonry in Mediterranean Europe are presented. The goal of the present work is to increase the confidence level in the definition of mechanical properties and, thus, to favorably influence the necessary reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architect Aleksander Saša Laslo (Celje, 1950 – Zagreb, 2014) was one of the leading historians of Croatian twentieth-century architecture, with a research scope centered on the city of Zagreb. Its aim was to investigate the processes of modernisation, tracing the evolution from high historicism and eclecticism through Art Nouveau to proto-functionalism and New Building (Ger. Neues Bauen, Cro. novo građenje) – viewed through building spatial-organisation, construction, and then inevitably form. Laslo’s interest, of course, extended beyond the mere physical structure of the building to wider social, economic, and cultural context, and dynamic knowledge exchange with Central Europe during that time, within which Laslo positioned the architecture of Zagreb. Methodologically, since the very beginning in the early 1980s, Laslo relied on exhaustive research, cataloguing, and contemporary research of Central European architecture. To mark the tenth anniversary of the death of this prominent researcher of Zagreb’s architectural heritage, this paper provides the first review of Laslo’s work, highlighting its comprehensiveness, integrity, and scientific method.

Copyright of Croatian Journal of Ethnology & Folklore Research / Narodna Umjetnost is the property of Institute of Ethnology & Folklore Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Contemporary History / Časopis za Suvremenu Povijest is the property of Croatia Institute for History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Contemporary History / Časopis za Suvremenu Povijest is the property of Croatia Institute for History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Contemporary History / Časopis za Suvremenu Povijest is the property of Croatia Institute for History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Contemporary History / Časopis za Suvremenu Povijest is the property of Croatia Institute for History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ever more astounding numbers of animals are being farmed for human consumption. Paul Dobraszczyk, a lecturer at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, argues that humanity does not see or bother to comprehend the cruelty these animals are subjected to within industrialised farming processes and slaughterhouses. This, he says, is a design issue, requiring more effort to be made to give these animals a dignified life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zagreb, the capital and the largest city of Croatia, addressed the frequent flooding from the Sava River to the south by 'jumping over' it to build a new part of the city, named New Zagreb, which is protected from floods with embankments. For several decades, urbanists and architects have proposed various solutions for the Sava River, and from time to time, political elites have implemented some proposals or elements of these. Nonetheless, Zagreb has never integrated the river into its urban fabric. At the same time, along the river, there are illegal rubbish dumps in the only protected natural area, and the institutions and local authorities ignore their existence and take no legal actions against the offenders. This paper presents a case study of the 'Zagreb on the Sava' project that used the most important determinants of sustainability as the criteria for the project review, with emphasis on sustainable urban planning and the sociocultural dimensions of sustainability through the prism of experts, ie planners and civil actors (UNDSD 2000). The results show, among other things, that the demands of civic actors (citizens and non-governmental organisations [NGOs]) and the everyday needs and practices of the local residents run counter to political decisions of the mayor and the rest of the local government. Both experts and citizens are powerless. This paper concludes that the unused and unacknowledged potential of the Sava River is important for the realisation of a sustainable city on a human scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass façades are being increasingly applied in the typology of office buildings. The environmental quality parameters of indoor spaces have an exceptional influence on the wellbeing and productivity of users. In the past, climate defined the architecture of a particular area. Façades of contemporary office buildings have similar characteristics regardless of their location. This study comprises four office buildings with different types of glass façades located in areas of continental and coastal climate in Croatia. Also, the research relates to a graduate study course, during which the students designed a survey to gain insight into the satisfaction of users of the analyzed buildings. The aim of this research is to explore the impact of the design of glass façades in a certain climate context on users. This paper will address the following research questions: (1) Is a fully glazed office building pleasant to work in? (2) Is a fully glazed façade an appropriate solution for office buildings in hot and sunny climates? The research results show that to achieve a comfortable indoor environment for buildings' users, it is necessary to design the façade according to the orientation, especially in terms of glazing characteristics, a sun protection system, and window control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study analyzed available data series of the Sava River’s water temperature measured at the Zagreb gauging station. Official data from the Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ) in Zagreb were utilized. Over the 73 years from 1948 to 2020, there are only 53 years with complete measurement records. Despite this limiting fact, it was considered important to analyze the behavior of the Sava River’s water temperatures in Zagreb over the past 70 years, during which a significant increase in air temperatures has been observed in the region, particularly in the city of Zagreb. Analyses were conducted on the characteristic (minimum, mean, and maximum) water temperatures over timescales of years, months, and days. The relationship between water temperatures (TW) and air temperatures (TA) measured at the Grič Observatory and the flows (Q) of the Sava River in Zagreb were investigated. A trend of rising water temperatures was observed throughout the entire period from 1948 to 2020, with the intensity significantly increasing in the recent period starting from 1988. The trend of rising air temperatures is the primary driver of the increase in the water temperatures of the Sava River in Zagreb. However, the impact of reduced water flow, especially during the warm season, should not be overlooked. This effect is amplified by the observed trend of decreasing minimum flows of the Sava during the warm season, from June to September. As a result, the most significant rise in water temperatures of the Sava River in Zagreb occurs during prolonged low-water summer periods, particularly in July. A strong trend has been observed in the increasing number of days per year with mean daily water temperatures of the Sava River exceeding 20 °C. This higher water temperature occurs increasingly earlier in the year, lasts longer, and ends later, often extending into September.

On the occasion of the seventieth anniversary of the liberation of Zagreb, a few interested researchers and activists, supported by Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung Southeast Europe (RLS SEE) in partnership with Zagreb-based curatorial collective [BLOK], started to work on a project entitled Cartography of Resistance [Kartografija otpora]. The starting point is the underground networks established for the purpose of resistance to the fascist Ustasha [Ustaša] authorities during the Second World War on the territory of the Yugoslav countries (1941-1945), which were rooted in the interwar left-oriented labor movement and activism of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia [Komunistička partija Jugoslavije, KPJ]. The research has been carried out in two phases; during 2015 and 2016, and from 2020 until 2022. Both focused on spatial, organizational, political, gender and social aspects of the resistance movement. During the first phase emerged the website “kartografija-otpora.org” that mapped the resistance on the territory of the city of Zagreb. On the basis of research carried out in the second phase, the book entitled Kartografija otpora: Zagreb 1941.-1945. (ed. Josip Jagić, Marko Kostanić) was written and published. The book consists of nine chapters total, where the first three, written by Karlo Držaić, Saša Vejzagić and Josip Jagić, deal with the general institutional and social history of the resistance movement. Krešimir Zovak in his contribution tackles the Peoples’ Justice [Narodna Pravda], exploring controversial topic of Partisan courts. Barbara Blasin wrote about Antifascist Women’s Front in Zagreb, while Ana Lovreković dealt with women working for the Party’s Local Committee. Petra Šarin wrote about Agitprop and the underground printing services. Stefan Treskanica and Goran Korov, members of the team from 2015, investigated the phenomenon of Peoples’ Aid [Narodna pomoć] and explored the activities of the KPJ in the prewar period, between 1931 and 1941. The website was also updated on the basis of these findings with more than 200 locations of terror and resistance. We asked the contributors about the content and specific importance of this book.

The historiography of the fine arts museum in Europe is a narrative that has mostly followed the arc of the developing nation-state after the French Revolution. This approach has often focused on the emergence of the public museum as part of an ‘exhibitionary complex’ that helped to shape an ‘imagined community’ of patriotic citizens during the long nineteenth century. For the most part these nationally-based perspectives have been extremely productive, but they cannot do justice to many of the museums that emerged in the Austro-Hungarian Empire before its collapse. Indeed, the three authors of this excellent volume remind us that many of the ‘national’ fine arts museums of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire took shape well before the outbreak of war in 1914 and only took on their official status as representatives of their specific ‘nations’ in the years after 1918. Thus, the historiography of museums in central Europe needs a more nuanced approach. As the volume’s editor and contributor Matthew Rampley writes, ‘current state boundaries are not a meaningful framework for the study of museums in Habsburg Central Europe.’ This volume both suggests and models that new framework. To make their point the authors use several, more complicated (social, trans-national, and local) approaches to demonstrate how museums in the Empire’s important cities (Lemberg, Prague, Budapest, Cracow, and Zagreb) emerged from a complex set of Imperial, local and, as the century progressed, civic and nationalist ambitions. Together the authors unanimously argue in favor of viewing Austria-Hungary as a ‘shared cultural space’ with complex interactions that formed a web of relationships across the many nationalities of the Empire—a web that remains invisible to the post-1945 observer. This invitation to complexity is both convincing and compelling and it opens a broad field of new research possibilities. Well-written and exquisitely researched, the volume also inadvertently highlights one of the greatest challenges to future scholars: fluency in the local languages. We are grateful to these authors to have given us this volume in English. Insofar as it models several museological approaches, it can be useful to any scholar who is interested in the historiography of museums in Europe’s long nineteenth century.

Copyright of Journal of Contemporary History / Časopis za Suvremenu Povijest is the property of Croatia Institute for History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Seroprevalence of lyssaviruses in certain bat species has been proven in the Republic of Croatia, but there have been no confirmed positive bat brain isolates or human fatalities associated with bat injuries/bites. The study included a retrospective analysis of bat injuries/bites, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and geographic distribution of bat injuries in persons examined at the Zagreb Antirabies Clinic, the Croatian Reference Centre for Rabies. In the period 1995–2020, we examined a total of 21,910 patients due to animal injuries, of which 71 cases were bat-related (0.32%). Of the above number of patients, 4574 received rabies PEP (20.87%). However, for bat injuries, the proportion of patients receiving PEP was significantly higher: 66 out of 71 patients (92.95%). Of these, 33 received only the rabies vaccine, while the other 33 patients received the vaccine with human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG). In five cases, PEP was not administered, as there was no indication for treatment. Thirty-five of the injured patients were biologists or biology students (49.29%). The bat species was confirmed in only one of the exposure cases. This was a serotine bat (Eptesicus serotinus), a known carrier of Lyssavirus hamburg. The results showed that the bat bites were rather sporadic compared to other human injuries caused by animal bites. All bat injuries should be treated as if they were caused by a rabid animal, and according to WHO recommendations. People who come into contact with bats should be strongly advised to be vaccinated against rabies. Entering bat habitats should be done with caution and in accordance with current recommendations, and nationwide surveillance should be carried out by competent institutions and in close collaboration between bat experts, epidemiologists and rabies experts.

Rapid technological advances in recent decades have led researchers to refine the accuracy of their studies. In the field of acoustics, the impact of new devices is noticeable, especially in the investigations of cultural heritage buildings. The selection of a seat in theatres and concert halls has always been a concern, since the live experience of artistic performance depends on the quality of hearing and sight view. This paper deals with the elaboration of 360° acoustic maps made in the National Theatre of Zagreb, one of the opera theatres investigated with the Sipario project. The analysis of the main acoustic parameters has been carried out, starting with site measurements describing the acoustic response at various representative points of the main hall by covering the audience area. In addition, acoustic maps have been created for some selected positions based on a 3-degree-of-freedom (3dof) technique that allows a panoramic visualization of the impulse responses (IRs). This methodology completes the determination of early and late reflections that contribute to the acoustic quality of a place. In addition to the interest of experts in acoustics, this methodology can also be adopted by music lovers who can find a reasonable explanation for seat selection when booking their tickets.

Architectural modernism appeared in cities of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia during the end of the twenties and beginning of the thirties of the XXth century with different manifestations but within a quite coherent cultural scenario. In those years, most of the Yugoslavian cities were transforming themselves and they were all searching for a new identity, where a new architectural “style” had a substantial importance. The cultural life in these cities was extremely rich and open to external influences, also due to the presence of young architects and academics that had studied abroad and were eager to bring in their own towns their personal experiences. Zagreb was certainly one of the most active cities from an economical, social and cultural point, a city where urban transformations and architectural innovation were reinforcing each other. The unique example of the residential development along Novakova street must be seen as a very early attempt of creating a modern identity, also in relationship to other important European experiences, first with the Weissenhof in Stuttgart.

The goal of the research was to establish a complete overview of summer residences, villas and (family) houses in Zagreb, exclusively on the basis of listing criteria. 60 listed buildings were identified, all located in the northern part of Zagreb, on the southern slopes of Medvednica. The paper provides a review of listed building locations, authors, time of construction, historical stylistic classification, analysis of the pertaining listing documentation and literature review. Summer residences for an occasional stay were built during the 18th and 19th century in secluded hilly locations surrounded by vineyards and orchards. In the 20th century, the construction of summer residences decreased, while the construction of villas for permanent residence begins forming elite residential parts of the city. With a transition from a semi-rural to a semi-urban context, accompanied by the disappearance of the term summer residence and the introduction of the terms villa and (family) house, the stylistic transition from historicism to functionalism and modern architecture is evident. Three main historical-stylistic periods have been recognized and all the researched buildings have been classified accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the role of Medvednica Mountain streams in the past and present spatial planning of the City of Zagreb. A description of their main characteristics is followed by an examination of their historical role in spatial planning and spatial plans, and of their impact on the urbanisation of Zagreb over four characteristic periods from the second half of the 19th century to the time of writing. A survey was also conducted to determine the ways in which the people of Zagreb use these streams and their views on their potential development. The international practice of planning and management of urban streams is explained in selected examples. Finally, on the basis of the survey, field research, and a synthesis of foreign and domestic planning practice and literature, the authors summarise the results and findings of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If linguistic nationalism presupposes a homogenous national language, then "dialect" taxonomies become interesting objects of study. This article examines three instances of linguistic nationalism published in Zagreb. The three texts, published in 1836, 1919, and 1995, come from (1) Ljudevit Gaj and Jan Kollár, (2) Dragutin Prohaska, and (3) Miro Kačić. The different texts propound three quite different taxonomies of "dialects" within the imagined national language. Changing strategies of dialect classification imply different understandings of the national language, reflecting in turn changing political circumstances. The Panslavism of 1836 gave way in 1919 to interwar Yugoslavism, or alternatively Serbo-Croatism, which in 1995 then gave way to Croatian particularist nationalism. The article ends with speculations about future linguistic taxonomies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space, like forms of expression, undergoes constant transformations. One may wonder about their relationships, since both space shapes the text, and text influences the perception of space as well as helps to read and understand its palimpsest, hidden elements. The article addresses the issue of time as read and written in the landscape and urban space. Using literary examples from different periods, it analyzes the presentation of Zagreb and Dubrovnik. It also seeks to point out the differences between the real and literary landscape to discover the topographical objects commemorated in texts in the contemporary urban space. The author wonders whether literature can be a burden for the semiotic landscape. Can it influence the perception of space in such a way that one does not want to see other dimensions of the landscape than those preserved in the texts? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the dialectical relationship between queerness and homonormativity, the aim of this paper was to outline the spatial framework of pink consumption in Croatia. Since the LGBT community is a specific and sensitive social group, qualitative research methods were used. After calculating the gay index and determining that the city of Zagreb provides the most favourable spatial context for the study of pink consumption, the interview method was used to collect qualitative data. The sample was assembled using the snowball technique (N = 14). The research revealed that there are only few pink consumption places in Zagreb, that they are not even present in all consumption systems, and that they are located in the central part of the city without exception. Although it cannot be argued that they are completely homonormative places, evidence of social exclusivity and sexual conservativism was found. Thus, it has been shown that even fundamentally inclusive places can produce normativity, which deprives them of the potential to achieve equality and emancipation of the Zagreb's LGBT community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the research was to establish a complete overview of summer residences, villas and (family) houses in Zagreb, exclusively on the basis of listing criteria. 60 listed buildings were identified, all located in the northern part of Zagreb, on the southern slopes of Medvednica. The paper provides a review of listed building locations, authors, time of construction, historical stylistic classification, analysis of the pertaining listing documentation and literature review. Summer residences for an occasional stay were built during the 18th and 19th century in secluded hilly locations surrounded by vineyards and orchards. In the 20th century, the construction of summer residences decreased, while the construction of villas for permanent residence begins forming elite residential parts of the city. With a transition from a semi-rural to a semi-urban context, accompanied by the disappearance of the term summer residence and the introduction of the terms villa and (family) house, the stylistic transition from historicism to functionalism and modern architecture is evident. Three main historical-stylistic periods have been recognized and all the researched buildings have been classified accordingly.

The design elements which appear in the architecture of ten anthological buildings from the 1930s in Zagreb by prominent protagonists of modern architecture, besides being modern, also have a classical morphology, which marks the continuity of a traditional heritage. Adolf Loos’s statement of decoration as unadjusted with the Zeitgeist was emphasized in the analyzed buildings by the lack of finances, which made the interior design, in spite of the representative character of the palaces, reduced to a bare minimum. The analysis reveals design elements of interior and furniture design, the architects’ creations for the commissioned buildings. There are no examples of total design in the representative palaces, even though some architects applied this principle in other building typologies. In the interwar period, architects like Stjepan Planić and Juraj Denzler paid special attention to design on the basis of functionalist ideas, while the application of the Gesamtkunstwerk concept can be found in the building Dom obrtnika (Artisans' Building) by architects Aleksandar Freudenreich and Zvonimir Požgaj. Architects designed typographies for building names on the front facades and logotypes. The functionality, simplicity, and purity of lines and forms in their design can be seen on preserved plans, photos, and even in buildings for a small portion of this heritage that is still in use.

Copyright of Sociology & Space / Sociologija i Prostor is the property of Institut za drustvena istrazivanja u Zagrebu (Institute for Social Research of Zagreb) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose. This paper focuses on the comparison of Ni and Pb concentrations in air and soil pollution in the Zagreb area. Due to the very limited amount of publicly available data from soil analysis samples, 2016 and 2019 were chosen as the best possible indicators of related changes in metal concentrations in soil and air. Methods. Testing the normality of Ni and Pb concentrations in the total deposited matter (TDM) confirmed the feasibility of using two parametric statistical tools - the Pearson correlation coefficient and the t-test. The Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method was selected as the best approach for a small number of measurements. Findings. The insufficient amount of data is the main shortcoming for urban health policy in a large area like Zagreb. The small number of air measurement stations and especially soil sampling sites cannot lead to any reliable conclusions about urban pollutants, their activity over time and direct links to soil toxic degradation based on statistical or geological methods and analyses. However, there is no doubt that urban pollution sources fill the soil with accumulated toxic elements such as Ni and Pb, especially in suburban areas located along the paths of the dominant wind directions. Originality. This is an original research that for the first time statistically analyzes and maps publicly available air and soil pollution data for the period 2016-2019. Practical implications. This research is a necessary step in determining the future planning of air and soil measurement stations in the Zagreb urban area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. This paper aims to consider the concept and perception of digital transformation on the example of the Bogdan Ogrizović Library and Reading Room in Zagreb, which represents one of the key focal points of the social and cultural life of the city of Zagreb. Approach/methodology/design. The paper presents the results of a research conducted using a quantitative research method with the help of a survey on a convenient sample of respondents. Results. The conducted research has confirmed the hypothesis that the users perceive changes in the library's services and holdings caused by the changes in information and communication technology, which is one of the manifestations and tools of digital transformation with regard to library's operations and the users' perception of the library. More than half of the respondents stated that they perceive the library equally in terms of library materials, space, and services. In each of these categories, the respondents perceive the library most through library materials, then somewhat less as a space, and least through services. The users see the library of the near future as an institution that provides a combined service: in digital and paper format, which indicates a balanced approach to library development and implies that the digital sphere will not abolish the paper one, at least not in the near future. The librarians are also expected to possess not only the professional knowledge, but also communication and IT skills. In general, the respondents are aware of the existing changes in the library, but they expect additional changes, new contents and services in the digital form. Limitations. The results of the research are limited by the number of respondents and the sample and cannot be generalized to the entire population of users of the City of Zagreb Library network (which also includes the Bogdan Ogrizović Library and Reading Room). Despite this fact, the research results are an important indicator of changes in public libraries under the influence of information and communication technology, which requires continuous research. Practical application. The results of the research can be applied when creating strategic and operational (annual) work plans of the public library where the research was conducted, as well as in other public libraries. Social significance. The results of the conducted research provide an insight into the work of one of the most popular public libraries in Zagreb, which contributes to better knowledge of the work of public libraries in general and their greater visibility in society. Originality/value. The paper presents the original results of the research on public library users in a period of great economic and social changes in which libraries also participate by (digitally) transforming their services, thus trying to attract new users, primarily the younger generation who are increasingly oriented towards digital media on the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper researches the impacts of the housing problem of younger population on the demographic trends in the city of Zagreb. Housing problems in the city of Zagreb are marked by an increase of housing prices and rents, mainly in the uncontrolled market, and they differ from other parts of the country. In the context of the challenges of housing policy development in transition countries, the housing standard, housing tenure, the housing market and the rental housing market in Zagreb are analysed. Regarding the research methodology, the paper is based on a survey, analysis of statistical data and other, relatively scarce literature. The analysis of the housing market and the uncontrolled housing rental market speaks of the key problem of housing affordability. Social programs in this area are residual in nature and do not provide housing for vulnerable groups. An important contribution of the paper is a survey in the population aged 18 to 39 years. The results of the research show that less educated immigrants who come to Zagreb for employment cannot afford decent housing. The unsustainable status of tenants in the uncontrolled private market makes this population socially excluded. The affordability of decent housing mediated by financial problems and other factors has negative effects on childbearing. In addition, such forms of social deprivation are proving to be triggers for emigration from the country. Certain methodological innovations are proposed for future research in this area. In addition to the negative effects on demographic trends, the unaffordability of decent housing also affects labour mobility, and thus the social and economic development of the city of Zagreb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of this research is crafts in the city of Zagreb, with special emphasis on traditional and artistic crafts. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the extent to which they are recognizable by the citizens of Zagreb, as well as to emphasize their potential for the development of the cultural and creative tourism. The research was conducted in two stages in 2021. The first stage consisted in the mapping of traditional and artistic craft businesses and vacant commercial property in the city centre, and the second stage included an online questionnaire survey on a purposive sample of 179 citizens of Zagreb. In order to understand the topic of research better, additional four semi-structured interviews with selected traditional and artistic craftspeople were conducted. Research shows that the majority of respondents consider traditional crafts an important part of Zagreb's cultural identity. Furthermore, the majority of respondents believe that traditional craft businesses and their products are not promoted enough in public. Crafts represent valuable tangible and intangible heritage of the City of Zagreb and have a potential for the development of cultural tourism of Zagreb. In this sense, and following the example of similar tourist tours in the world, a craft tour could be designed based on the work of traditional and artistic craftsmen of Zagreb, with the possibility of visiting their workshops and participating in the process of making products or their parts. This would be in line with the increasing demand and desire of modern tourists to be active participants and co-creators of experience rather than just be observers of the heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Radovi Zavod za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zaru is the property of Zavod za Povijesne Znanosti HAZU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The design elements which appear in the architecture of ten anthological buildings from the 1930s in Zagreb by prominent protagonists of modern architecture, besides being modern, also have a classical morphology, which marks the continuity of a traditional heritage. Adolf Loos’s statement of decoration as unadjusted with the Zeitgeist was emphasized in the analyzed buildings by the lack of finances, which made the interior design, in spite of the representative character of the palaces, reduced to a bare minimum. The analysis reveals design elements of interior and furniture design, the architects’ creations for the commissioned buildings. There are no examples of total design in the representative palaces, even though some architects applied this principle in other building typologies. In the interwar period, architects like Stjepan Planić and Juraj Denzler paid special attention to design on the basis of functionalist ideas, while the application of the Gesamtkunstwerk concept can be found in the building Dom obrtnika (Artisans' Building) by architects Aleksandar Freudenreich and Zvonimir Požgaj. Architects designed typographies for building names on the front facades and logotypes. The functionality, simplicity, and purity of lines and forms in their design can be seen on preserved plans, photos, and even in buildings for a small portion of this heritage that is still in use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the heterotopic and heterochronic material afterlives of cemeteries through a comparative focus on two cities of the dead: Zagreb's Mirogoj Cemetery, which was established during the late 19th century, and Thessaloniki's Zeitenlik World War I Military Cemetery, which entombs Allied victims from the Salonika Front. My principal aim is to highlight the contrasts and contradictions between nationalized collective memories and unsettling imperial legacies that define the material afterlives of each of these cemeteries. In Mirogoj, material afterlives take shape as a palimpsest of eras, only some of which are monumentalized as collective memories. In Zeitenlik, the material afterlife of a single event of death-dealing, the Great War, constitutes an archive of bygone imperial socialities that defy the homogenizing logics of national identity in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Šalata in Zagreb is an example of a family-house neighborhood marked by the transition from the 19th-century architectural tradition to the turn-of-the-century modernism of the 1930s. Around 1927, four important subdivisions changed a hilly rural terrain near the prominent clinics of the Faculty of Medicine into a district of civic housing with quality factors accomplished via control and design of infrastructure, transportation, and vegetation close to the city center.

On the basis of archival and periodical record and published professional literature, the article provides a monograph of Bussines tower Zagrepčanka on Savska Street in Zagreb. History of its construction, parcel placement, architectural design, construction characteristics, planning and equipping of interior as well as press, professional and general public reception are presented. Additionally, information on its present condition and the importance of the building in city’s architecture is given.