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Because of the limitation of experimental conditions and technical level, the space charge distribution in the real long high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables has never been obtained by the laser-induced pressure propagation (LIPP) method. This article presents a space charge measurement for the real long HVDC cables, and an entrenched pretreatment method for the cable samples and a calibration method for the test data were also designed to improve the accuracy of the space charge measurement. To verify the capabilities of the system, space charge distributions in 10 m long cable with 24.6 mm thick insulation were measured in the voltage range of 80–320 kV, and the current signal of space charge distribution and the electric field intensity are obtained.