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[Objective] In order to solve the issue of excessive redundant information in near-infrared spectroscopy, enhance the accuracy of wine quality evaluation models, a rapid and non-destructive method was established for wine quality evaluation. [Methods] A wine quality evaluation model was proposed based on competitive adaptive reweighting sampling method for feature wavelength screening and extreme learning machine improved by whale optimization algorithm. Various feature wavelength screening methods such as competitive adaptive reweighting sampling was used, and the most suitable method for wine spectral feature wavelength screening was determined. In response to the problem of initial value and hidden layer bias in ELM, the whale optimization method was used to optimize the initial value and hidden layer bias of ELM, and an wine quality evaluation model based on extreme learning machine improved by whale optimization algorithm was constructed. [Results] Compared with GA-ELM, PSO-ELM, and the traditional ELM model, the accuracy of WOA-ELM was the highest, reaching 0.944 5, which was better than GA-ELM (0.929 0), PSO-ELM (0.906 1) and traditional ELM (0.817 7). [Conclusion] The parameters of the ELM model optimized by intelligent algorithms can effectively improve the accuracy of wine quality evaluation.

In the production process of electronic grade ultrapure water, trace H2O2 is mainly compounded by hydroxyl radicals generated by vacuum UV degradation devices, which can corrode certain specific processes of semiconductor materials surface cleaning. The application of multiphase nanocatalysation technology in advanced process semiconductor ultrapure water preparation system can effectively remove the micropollution H2O2 produced by vacuum ultraviolet irradiation, which is a green cleaning technology to promote the rapid dissociation of active oxygen species containing O—O bonds. The generation of micropollution H2O2 and its influence on the cleaning process of semiconductor materials were briefly discussed. The reaction pathway and mechanism of platinum series metal nanoparticles in group Ⅷ transition elements to catalyze H2O2 dissociation were analyzed. The effects of metal surface adsorption configuration, adsorption energy, electronic structure, carrier chemical properties, halogen anions in water and other factors on the enhanced removal characteristics of nanoparticles were also discussed. The application and research progress of group Ⅷ transition metals in ultrapure water production, detection and semiconductor assisted process systems were reviewed. The research provided reference for the construction of a new reaction system in ultrapure water process and the development and application of water treatment materials.

Abstract Repeated and widespread use of single chemical pesticides raises concerns about efficiency and safety, developing multi-component synergistic pesticides provides a new route for efficient control of diseases. Most commercial compound formulations are open systems with non-adjustable released rates, resulting in a high frequency of applications. Meanwhile, although nano pesticide delivery systems constructed with different carrier materials have been extensively studied, realizing their actual scale-up production still has important practical significance due to the large-scale field application. In this study, a boscalid and pyraclostrobin dual-loaded nano pesticide system (BPDN) was constructed with industrial-grade carrier materials to facilitate the realization of large-scale production. The optimal industrial-scale preparation mechanism of BPDN was studied with surfactants as key factors. When agricultural emulsifier No.600 and polycarboxylate are used as the ratio of 1:2 in the preparation process, the BPDN has a spherical structure with an average size of 270 nm and exhibits superior physical stability. Compared with commercial formulation, BPDN maintains rate-stabilized release up to 5 times longer, exhibits better dispersion and spreading performance on foliar, has more than 20% higher deposition amounts, and reduces loss. A single application of BPDN could efficiently control tomato gray mold during the growing period of tomatoes due to extended duration and combinatory effectiveness, reducing two application times and labor costs. Toxicology tests on various objects systematically demonstrated that BPDN has improved safety for HepG2 cells, and nontarget organism earthworms. This research provides insight into creating safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly pesticide production to reduce manual operation times and labor costs. Accompanied by production strategies that can be easily scaled up industrially, this contributes to the efficient use of resources for sustainable agriculture.

Summary: Generative design of promoters has enhanced the efficiency of de novo creation of functional sequences. Though several deep generative models have been employed in biological sequence generation, including variational autoencoder (VAE) or Wasserstein generative adversarial network (WGAN), these models might struggle with mode collapse and low sample diversity. In this study, we introduce the multinomial diffusion model (MDM) for promoter sequence design and propose a structured set of criteria for effectively comparing the performance of generative models. In silico experiments demonstrate that MDM outperforms existing generative AI approaches. MDM demonstrates superior performance in various computational evaluations, remains robust during the training process, and exhibits a strong ability in capturing weak signals. In addition, we experimentally validated that the majority of our model designed promoters have expression activities in vivo, indicating the practicality and potential of MDM for bioengineering.

China’s rapid urbanization has significantly impacted carbon emissions in rural areas, driving the need for region-specific carbon management strategies to achieve the country’s dual carbon goals. However, previous research has primarily focused on large urban centers, leaving a gap in understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon emissions at the county level in rural regions. This study focuses on the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province and develops a county-level carbon emission accounting system based on geographic, socio-economic, and land-use data. The carbon emissions are categorized into energy, industrial processes, agriculture, and waste management. Key findings indicate that industrial and residential sectors are the primary contributors to carbon emissions, with Xi’an being the largest emitter. Carbon emission intensity follows a ranking of Xi’an < Weinan < Baoji < Xianyang < Tongchuan. Spatial patterns show a “core-edge” distribution, with higher emissions in urban centers and lower emissions in rural areas. The study also highlights the carbon sink potential in the southern Qinling National Park. This research provides a valuable framework for rural low-carbon development and offers critical insights for policymakers aiming to balance carbon reduction and economic growth in rural China.

BackgroundThe bulbs of Allium sativum are widely used as food or seasoning (garlic), while they have also been utilized as a famous traditional medicine since ancient eras for the treatment of scabies, tuberculosis, pertussis, diarrhea and dysentery, etc. However, very few studies focus on their abundant aerial parts, which are normally discarded during the harvest season.MethodsThe hyperlipidemic mice model has been used to study the lipid-lowering effect of the aerial parts in this article. 180 mice were randomly divided into 18 groups, including blank control (BC), model (Mod), positive control (PC), and low-, medium-, and high-dose groups of the crude extract, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and residual water extracts (corresponding to CE, PEE, EAE, NBE, WE), with 10 mice in each group. The preventive effects of the extracts on hyperlipidemic mice lasted for four weeks. Ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) were used to analyze the chemical components of NBE and PEE respectively.ResultsThe results of the mice experiment showed that n-butanol extract (NBE) and petroleum ether extract (PEE) from the aerial parts could significantly reduce the contents of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum of hyperlipidemic mice, and increase the contents of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). They could enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver and reduce the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). At the same time, they could improve steatosis and inflammation of liver cells. The results of phytochemical components analysis showed that NBE was rich in organic acids, flavonoids and nitrogen-containing constituents, while PEE contained organic sulfur compounds, aliphatic acids and derivatives, alkaloids, phytosterols, etc.ConclusionThese results support that the aerial parts of A. sativum are an interesting source of bioactive ingredients that may be useful in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia.

BackgroundIcanbelimod (formerly CBP-307) is a next-generation S1PR modulator, targeting S1PR1. In this first-in-human study, icanbelimod was investigated in healthy men in Australia.MethodsParticipants were randomized 3:1, double-blind, to icanbelimod or placebo in four single-dose cohorts (0.1 mg, 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg [n=8 per cohort], 2.5 mg [n=4]) or for 28-days once-daily treatment in two cohorts (0.15 mg, 0.25 mg [n=8 per cohort]). Participants in the 0.25-mg cohort received 0.1 mg on Day 1. Treatments were administered orally after fasting; following one-week washout, icanbelimod was administered after breakfast in the 0.5-mg cohort.ResultsIcanbelimod exposure increased rapidly and dose-dependently with single and multiple dosing (Tmax 4–7 hours). Lymphocyte counts decreased rapidly after single (-11%, 0.1 mg; -40%, 0.25 mg; -71%, 0.5 mg; -77%, 2.5 mg) and multiple doses (-49%, 0.15 mg; -75%, 0.25 mg), and recovered quickly, 7 days after dosing. After single-dose 0.5 mg, although a high-fat breakfast versus fasting did not affect maximal decrease, lymphocyte counts tended to be lower after breakfast across most timepoints up to 72 hours. Twenty-eight participants (63.6%) experienced mainly mild treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). After single-dose icanbelimod, the most common TEAEs were headache (28.6%, n=6) and dizziness (19.0%, n=4). Three participants experienced transient bradycardia, with one serious, following single-dose 2.5 mg icanbelimod. After multiple-dose icanbelimod, the most common TEAEs were headache (50.0%, n=6) and lymphopenia (41.7%, n=5), and two participants withdrew due to non-serious TEAEs. Up-titration attenuated heart rate reductions.ConclusionIcanbelimod was well-tolerated up to 0.5 mg and effectively reduced lymphocyte counts.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02280434.b

BackgroundKaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular tumor with a high risk of mortality. Few studies with large samples of KHE have been reported. KHE may develop into the Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon (KMP), which is characterized by thrombocytopenia and consumptive coagulopathy. The features of severe symptomatic anemia and life-threatening low platelets make the management of KHE associated with KMP challenging.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics of patients with KHE and discuss the treatment experience for different risk groups of KHE.MethodsThrough a retrospective review of 70 patients diagnosed with KHE between 2017 and 2022 in our center, we classify lesions into three clinicopathological stages based on the tumor involving depth, and divided the severity of KHE into three levels by estimating clinicopathological stages and severity of thrombocytopenia. Treatments of different severity groups were estimated with sufficient data.ResultsIn our cohort, 27% were neonates, and KHE lesion occurred at birth in 84% of patients. There was a slight male predominance (32 girls and 38 boys). Common clinical characteristics included associated coagulation disorder (100%), locally aggressive cutaneous blue–purple mass (89%), thrombocytopenia (78%), and local pain or joint dysfunction (20%). The lower extremities were the dominant location (35%), followed by the trunk (29%), the maxillofacial region and neck (24%), and the upper extremities (10%). Of the total cohort, 78% developed KMP; the median age at which thrombocytopenia occurred was 27.8 days. The median platelet count of patients who were associated with KMP was 24,000/µL in our cohort. Ninety-two percent of patients were given surgery treatment and 89% of these patients were given high-dose methylprednisolone (5-6 mg/kg daily) before surgery. In 55 patients with KMP, 36% were sensitive to high-dose corticosteroid therapy. Patients from the low-risk group (eight cases) underwent operation, all of whom recovered without recurrence after a maximum follow-up of 5 years. Out of 26 patients from the high-risk group, 25 underwent surgery treatment, with 1 case undergoing secondary surgery after recurrence and 1 case taking sirolimus. Out of 36 cases from the extremely high-risk group, 32 underwent surgery (including 2 cases who underwent external carotid artery ligation and catheterization), 3 of whom underwent secondary operation after recurrence, and the remaining 4 cases took medicine. The mean length of having sirolimus was 21 months; two cases stopped taking sirolimus due to severe pneumonia. Two cases died at 1 and 3 months after discharge.ConclusionsOur study describes the largest assessment of high-risk patients with KHE who have undergone an operation to date, with 5 years of follow-up to track recovery, which provides invaluable knowledge for the future treatment of patients with KHE and KMP from different risk groups: Early surgical intervention may be the most definitive treatment option for most patients with KHE; multimodality treatment is the best choice for the extremely high-risk group.

In embedded feature selection methods, one criterion for evaluating features is the Feature Contribution to Each Class (FCEC). Unlike traditional feature contribution, it focuses more on the ability of features to represent each class, aiding in understanding the dependency of recognition tasks on different features. However, current feature selection methods often cannot fully utilize the FCEC when evaluating features, resulting in insufficient accuracy in feature evaluation. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel supervised Feature Selection with Orthogonal Regression and Mountain Range Area (FORMRA). Specifically, orthogonal regression can retain more discriminative information, thereby obtaining more accurate FCEC. We employ a Projection-based Non-monotonic Line Search (PNMLS) method to solve the objective function of orthogonal regression and propose a multi-vector linear fusion search direction on this basis to improve convergence speed. After the objective function converges, we map the FCEC onto mountain ranges in a two-dimensional coordinate system, employing area calculation that is more sensitive to data distribution and shape for feature assessment, thus achieving the full utilization of FCEC. We conducted experiments on eight publicly available datasets, and the results indicate that compared to currently advanced feature selection methods, this approach can provide a more accurate evaluation of features, thereby selecting superior feature subsets and achieving higher model recognition rates.

MoS2 is a promising alternative to Pt in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its low cost. To enhance the catalytic properties of the 2H MoS2 inert basal plane, we propose an approach of employing oxygen incorporated MoS2 as a catalyst for HER. Different density of oxygen substitution doped monolayer MoS2 samples (MoS1.51O0.49, MoS1.55O0.45, MoS1.67O0.33) were achieved by chemical vapor deposition method and their catalytic performance were tested. Experimentally, we demonstrate that oxygen substitution can activate the inert basal plane and the catalytic performance is dependent on the oxygen substitution percentage. Also, combining with DFT calculations, we confirm that oxygen substitution act as catalytic sites. Our work provides a strategy for enhancing of monolayer MoS2 HER activities through in situ substitution doping.

Abstract Background Anterior column realignment (ACR) is a novel surgical method for correcting spinal sagittal balance. meanwhile, oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) and anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) are considered minimally invasive surgical methods through natural anatomical space. This study aimed to explore the corrective effects and clinical outcomes of OLIF or ALIF combined with ACR technology in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD). Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients with sagittal imbalance who received OLIF and/or ALIF and ACR treatment from 2018 to 2021. Surgical time and intraoperative bleeding volume are recorded, the corrective effect is determined by the intervertebral space angle (IVA), lumbar lordosis (LL), the sagittal vertical axis (SVA), clinical outcome is evaluated by preoperative and final follow-up visual analog pain score (VAS), Japanese orthopedic association scores (JOA) and complications. Results Sixty-four patients were enrolled in the study, average age of 65.1(range, 47–82) years. All patients completed 173 fusion segments, for 150 segments of ACR surgery. The operation time of ALIF-ACR was 50.4 ± 22.1 min; The intraoperative bleeding volume was 50.2 ± 23.6 ml. The operation time and intraoperative bleeding volume of single-segment OLIF-ACR was 66.2 ± 19.4 min and 70.2 ± 31.6 ml. At the follow-up of 6 months after surgery, the intervertebral space angle correction for OLIF-ACR and ALIF-ACR is 9.2° and 12.2°, the preoperative and postoperative lumbar lordosis were 16.7° ± 6.4°and 47.1° ± 3.6° (p

Abstract IL‐4 and IL‐13 signaling via IL‐4Rα plays key roles in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. Rademikibart (formerly CBP‐201), a next‐generation human IgG4 kappa monoclonal antibody, blocks IL‐4Rα‐mediated signal transduction. We performed two phase I, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials. In a single‐ascending dose trial, 40 healthy adults were randomized 3:1 to rademikibart (75–600 mg s.c., 300 mg i.v.) or placebo, with 12 weeks of follow‐up. In the multiple‐ascending dose trial, 31 adults with moderate‐to‐severe AD were randomized 4:1 to once weekly rademikibart (75–300 mg s.c.) or placebo for 4 weeks, plus 7 weeks of follow‐up. Most treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild; none were serious. Two s.c. injection site reactions and one TEAE of conjunctivitis were reported, all were mild. Rapid and sustained improvements were observed in AD severity and in quality of life (QoL), without plateauing. At week 4, efficacy scores improved by a maximum of −74.4% (Eczema Area and Severity Index), −62.7% (body surface area), −52.8% (Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale [PNRS] severity), −54.4% (PNRS frequency), and − 69.9% (Dermatology Life Quality Index). Thymus activation regulated chemokine inflammatory biomarker concentrations decreased in both trials (−55.4% in the pooled rademikibart arms vs. +18.0% with placebo, at week 5, in patients with AD). Exposure to rademikibart increased in a greater than dose‐proportional manner, suggesting nonlinear clearance. In summary, rademikibart was well‐tolerated and associated with rapid and sustained improvements in eczematous lesions, pruritus, QoL, and inflammatory biomarker concentrations during 4 weeks of treatment. Efficacy responses did not plateau and were generally dose dependent. These promising findings support further development of rademikibart in patients with AD.

IntroductionIn recent years, the use of EEG signals for seizure detection has gained widespread academic attention. Aiming at the problem of overfitting deep learning models due to the small number of EEG signal data during epilepsy detection, this paper proposes an epilepsy detection method that combines data augmentation and deep learning.MethodsFirst, the Adversarial and Mixup Data Augmentation (AMDA) method is used to realize the data augmentation, which effectively enriches the number of training samples. To further improve the classification accuracy and robustness of epilepsy detection, this paper proposes a one-dimensional convolutional neural network and gated recurrent unit (AM-1D CNN-GRU) network model based on attention mechanism for epilepsy detection.Results and discussionThe experimental results show that the performance of epilepsy detection achieved by using augmented data is significantly improved, and the accuracy, sensitivity, and area under the subject’s working characteristic curve are up to 96.06, 95.48%, and 0.9637, respectively. Compared with the non-augmented data, all indicators are increased by more than 6.2%. Meanwhile, the detection performance was significantly improved compared with other epilepsy detection methods. The results of this research can provide a reference for the clinical application of epilepsy detection.

Background: Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are among the most common congenital digestive tract malformations worldwide. Although there have been extensive efforts for elucidating their pathogenesis, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying ARMs remain unclear. Methods: We generated ARM Wistar rat models using ethylenethiourea. Nine pregnant rats were allocated to the ARM and control groups, respectively. Hindgut tissue was isolated from embryos collected on gestational days 14, 15, and 16, representing the key timepoints of anorectal development. High-throughput sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on the obtained genes. Module analysis was performed via Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using Cytoscape software. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was conducted to verify the enrichment of development/apoptosis/epithelium/morphogenesis/Wnt pathway-related core gene sets and identify ARM hub genes. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was employed to verify mRNA levels of hub genes. Results: 313 GSEA core genes form ten core gene sets were selected. Based on the 281 differentially expressed circRNAs (|Fc| > 2, FDR < 0.05), 42 PPI core genes were obtained. According to the integration of GSEA analysis and PPI network, three hub genes (Cul1, Gli3, and Osr2) highly associated with ETU-induced ARMs were identified. The qRT-PCR validation data were consistent with the sequencing results. Conclusions: These results provide a theoretical basis for the further identification of potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in ARMs.

The extraction and stripping of uranium(VI) using membrane dispersion microextractor were investigated in high phase ratio. The effects of residence time, aqueous phase flowrates and organic phase flowrates, as well as nitric acid and the extractant concentration on the stage efficiency were evaluated. With the increase of aqueous phase flowrate and organic phase, the efficiency firstly decreased and then increased. Both the extraction efficiency and stripping efficiency can reach >90 % at high phase ratio within 10 s. The efficiency decreased with the increase of nitric acid in aqueous phase, whereas the efficiency increased with the increase of tributyl phosphate (TBP) concentration. Finally, mass transfer characteristic in extraction process in membrane dispersion microextractor was discussed. The overall mass transfer coefficient in membrane dispersion microextractor could reach 0.13 s−1 at A:O = 5:1 and 0.058 s−1at high A:O ratio of 40:1.

Pan-video refers to the business that takes video as the form of information presentation and interaction.It is mainly divided into three categories: traditional video business, emerging video business and derivative video business.However, how to accurately evaluate the quality of video playback has always been a problem.A pan-video playback quality evaluation model and parameters were proposed, which mainly included: video switching delay, video start delay, video playback pause times and duration, etc.It has been applied in the IPTV quality monitoring system of the current network, and the practice shows that the application effect is good.The proposed research results can be further applied to all pan-video application scenarios in the field of video network products.

Abstract Periodontitis is a common public health problem worldwide and an inflammatory disease with irregular defect of alveolar bone caused by periodontal pathogens. Both antibacterial therapy and bone regeneration are of great importance in the treatment of periodontitis. In this study, injectable and thermosensitive hydrogels with 3D networks were used as carriers for controlled release of osteo-inductive agent (BMP-2) and Near Infrared Region-II (NIR-II) phototherapy agents (T8IC nano-particles). T8IC nano-particles were prepared by reprecipitation and acted as photosensitizer under 808 nm laser irradiation. Besides, we promoted photodynamic therapy (PDT) through adding H2O2 to facilitate the antibacterial effect instead of increasing the temperature of photothermal therapy (PTT). Hydrogel + T8IC + Laser + BMP-2 + H2O2 incorporated with mild PTT (45 °C), enhanced PDT and sustained release of BMP-2. It was present with excellent bactericidal effect, osteogenic induction and biosafety both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, immunohistochemistry staining and micro-CT analyses had confirmed that PTT and PDT could promote bone regeneration through alleviating inflammation state. Altogether, this novel approach with synergistic antibacterial effect, anti-inflammation and bone regeneration has a great potential for the treatment of periodontitis in the future.

Abstract The manipulation of internal interactions at the molecular level within biological fibers is of particular importance but challenging, severely limiting their tunability in macroscopic performances and applications. It thus becomes imperative to explore new approaches to enhance biological fibers’ stability and environmental tolerance and to impart them with diverse functionalities, such as mechanical recoverability and stimulus-triggered responses. Herein, we develop a dynamic imine fiber chemistry (DIFC) approach to engineer molecular interactions to fabricate strong and tough protein fibers with recoverability and actuating behaviors. The resulting DIF fibers exhibit extraordinary mechanical performances, outperforming many recombinant silks and synthetic polymer fibers. Remarkably, impaired DIF fibers caused by fatigue or strong acid treatment are quickly recovered in water directed by the DIFC strategy. Reproducible mechanical performance is thus observed. The DIF fibers also exhibit exotic mechanical stability at extreme temperatures (e.g., −196 °C and 150 °C). When triggered by humidity, the DIFC endows the protein fibers with diverse actuation behaviors, such as self-folding, self-stretching, and self-contracting. Therefore, the established DIFC represents an alternative strategy to strengthen biological fibers and may pave the way for their high-tech applications.

High−velocity oxygen−fuel (HVOF) sprayed WC−Cr3C2−Ni/CNTs coatings were prepared on 430 stainless steel, and then were sealed with sol–gel aluminum phosphate (inorganic sealant) and silicone resin (organic sealant) by ultrasound−assisted sealing technique. The morphologies, compositions and corrosion performance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution of the coatings before and after sealing were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and electrochemical workstation, respectively. The wettability of different sealants and coating was investigated by contact angle measurement. The corrosion current densities of the sealed coatings were reduced, and the resistivity was increased by a factor of about two (inorganic sealant) and four (organic sealant), which resulted in improved corrosion resistances. The contact angle between organic sealant and coating was lower than that of inorganic sealant. Ultrasonic sealing improved the combination of the sealants and the coating pores, and the effect of organic sealant on improving corrosion resistance was more superior.

Reasonable dense planting is an important measure to increase crop yield per unit area and save resources. However, there is no unified view of the competition for photosynthetic radiation in different stratification structures of maize plants due to different planting densities, as well as the internal mechanism of yield increase. In order to investigate these issues, field experiments were conducted from 2021 to 2022 in Daxing, Beijing, China (39°37′ N, 116°25′ E, altitude 31.3 m a.s.l.). Field plots were arranged in a randomized block design, with the main plot factor representing plant density. In each replicate, four densities were set, i.e., 33,000 (D1), 42,000 (D2), 55,000 (D3), and 83,000 (D4) plants·ha−1. Canopy stratification structure characteristics, including leaf area index, biomass, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), were measured in each stratification structure, and transmitted PAR, radiation use efficiency (RUE), and light extinction coefficient (K) were calculated. We found that increasing plant density significantly increased biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and precipitation use efficiency (PUE), but the light extinction coefficient (K) and harvest index (HI) showed opposite trends. Compared to the D1 treatment, the grain yield, precipitation use efficiency (PUE), radiation use efficiency (RUE), and LAI increased by 22.6–88.2%, 9.2–50.5%, 26.7–116.9%, and 27.7 to 150.6% in the D2, D3, and D4 treatments, and K and HI decreased by 19.7–50.3% and 4.2–11.5%, respectively. These showed that a density of 83,000 plants·ha−1 was effective in promoting maize growth in the Daxing area of Beijing, China.

Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as powerful tools for the ultrasensitive detection of lung cancer biomarkers like carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and alpha fetoprotein (AFP). This review comprehensively discusses the progress and potential of nanocomposite-based electrochemical biosensors for early lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis. By integrating nanomaterials like graphene, metal nanoparticles, and conducting polymers, these sensors have achieved clinically relevant detection limits in the fg/mL to pg/mL range. We highlight the key role of nanomaterial functionalization in enhancing sensitivity, specificity, and antifouling properties. This review also examines challenges related to reproducibility and clinical translation, emphasizing the need for standardization of fabrication protocols and robust validation studies. With the rapid growth in understanding lung cancer biomarkers and innovations in sensor design, nanocomposite electrochemical biosensors hold immense potential for point-of-care lung cancer screening and personalized therapy guidance. Realizing this goal will require strategic collaboration among material scientists, engineers, and clinicians to address technical and practical hurdles. Overall, this work provides valuable insight for developing next-generation smart diagnostic devices to combat the high mortality of lung cancer.

Land surface temperature (LST) serves as a pivotal component within the surface energy cycle, offering fundamental insights for the investigation of agricultural water environment, urban thermal environment, and land planning. However, LST monitoring at a point scale entails substantial costs and poses implementation challenges. Moreover, the existing LST products are constrained by their low spatiotemporal resolution, limiting their broader applicability. The fusion of multi-source remote sensing data offers a viable solution to enhance spatiotemporal resolution. In this study, the Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (ESTARFM) was used to estimate time series LST utilizing multi-temporal Landsat 8 (L8) and MOD21A2 within the Haihe basin in 2021. Validation of ESTARFM LST was conducted against L8 LST and in situ LST. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) ESTARFM was found to be effective in heterogeneous regions within the Haihe basin, yielding LST with a spatiotemporal resolution of 30 m and 8 d while retaining clear texture information; (2) the comparison between ESTARFM LST and L8 LST shows a coefficient determination (R2) exceeding 0.59, a mean absolute error (MAE) lower than 2.43 K, and a root mean square error (RMSE) lower than 2.63 K for most dates; (3) comparison between ESTARFM LST and in situ LST showcased high validation accuracy, revealing a R2 of 0.87, a MAE of 2.27 K, and a RMSE of 4.12 K. The estimated time series LST exhibited notable reliability and robustness. This study introduced ESTARFM for LST estimation, achieving satisfactory outcomes. The findings offer a valuable reference for other regions to generate LST data with a spatiotemporal resolution of 8 d and 30 m, thereby enhancing the application of data products in agriculture and hydrology contexts.

Microtubules are hollow α/β-tubulin heterodimeric polymers that play critical roles in cells. In vertebrates, both α- and β-tubulins have multiple isotypes encoded by different genes, which are intrinsic factors in regulating microtubule functions. However, the structures of microtubules composed of different tubulin isotypes, especially α-tubulin isotypes, remain largely unknown. Here, we purify recombinant tubulin heterodimers composed of different mouse α-tubulin isotypes, including α1A, α1C and α4A, with the β-tubulin isotype β2A. We further assemble and determine the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of α1A/β2A, α1C/β2A, and α4A/β2A microtubules. Our structural analysis demonstrates that α4A/β2A microtubules exhibit longitudinal contraction between tubulin interdimers compared with α1A/β2A and α1C/β2A microtubules. Collectively, our findings reveal that α-tubulin isotype composition can tune microtubule structures, and also provide evidence for the “tubulin code” hypothesis.

In this study, the WC–20Cr3C2–7Ni/MWCNTs coating was prepared by high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying. Coatings were sealed with two types of sealants (i.e., silicone resin and aluminum phosphate) using both conventional and vacuum impregnations. Sealing treatments were investigated for their effect on coating microstructure and electrochemical corrosion behavior by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization. According to the results, all four sealing methods enhanced the coating's corrosion resistance. The vacuum impregnation sealing process removed residual air from pores and microcracks, permeating these defects as much as possible with the sealants. In contrast to silicone resin sealants, aluminum phosphate sealants had the opposite effect on sealing since bound water evaporated during heat treatment, which contributed to the formation of defects in the path as a result of the thermal stress. Among all four sealing methods, sealing with silicone resin organic sealant under vacuum impregnation had the highest charge transfer resistance (Rct) and polarization resistance (Rp), the lowest free corrosion current density (Icorr), and the largest capacitive arc radius and impedance modulus, which significantly improved the coating's corrosion resistance.

Abstract Rademikibart (CBP-201) is a next-generation human monoclonal antibody targeting IL-4Rα, undergoing evaluation in Phase 2 clinical trials for the treatment of moderate-to-severe Th2 inflammatory diseases. We report the immunological characterization of rademikibart. Rademikibart and dupilumab were associated with KD of 20.7 pM and 45.8 pM, respectively, when binding to distinct human IL-4Rα epitopes. Rademikibart did not bind to IL-4Rα from other species. Rademikibart inhibited IL-4 and IL-13-mediated STAT6 signaling (mean ± SD IC50: 7.0 ± 2.5 and 6.6 ± 1.5 ng/mL, respectively), TF-1 cell proliferation (IC50: 8.0 ± 1.6 and 9.7 ± 0.8 ng/mL, respectively) and TARC production in PBMCs (IC50: 59.2 ± 3.9 and 13.5 ± 0.2 ng/mL, respectively). Rademikibart versus dupilumab was more potent in the STAT6 assays (IL-4, p

MXene (Ti3C2Tx) is a promising electrode material for supercapacitors. However, the current MXene material preparation process often requires hydrofluoric acid, and the etched MXene is easily oxidized and stacked, which is not conducive to the transfer of electrons and ions. In this study, we proposed a high concentration of sodium hydroxide solution mixed with sodium hypochlorite solution as an etchant for the preparation of fluorine-free MXene (Ti3C2Tx). Based on the alkali-assisted hydrothermal method, Ti3AlC2 was used as the raw material, and 10 % NaClO aqueous solution was added as the oxidant during the etching process to accelerate the etching and in-situ generate TiO2 with excellent conductivity. When the oxidation time is 12 h and the amount of NaClO is 0.2 mL, the TiO2 particles in-situ generated by the oxidation of Ti element in MXene are evenly distributed on the surface and interlayer of the material, which effectively curbs the stacking problem between the Ti3C2Tx layers and improves the specific surface area of the material. The prepared MXene/TiO2 electrode in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte, − 0.5–0.2 V voltage window, the highest mass specific capacity can reach 321F/g, and after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles, the capacitance retention rate can still reach 86.4 %, which is higher than the capacitance retention rate of Ti3C2Tx material (81.7 %).

In this paper, we propose a centralized SDN network architecture under a smart factory for the problems under the traditional industrial IoT architecture and carry out the security analysis of industrial IoT to improve the performance of the smart factory network. Briefly describing the industrial SDN network architecture, combined with the design of a blockchain system for smart factories, the hash algorithm and asymmetric encryption algorithm are introduced to anonymize and protect the data. For traditional SDN, propose a blockchain-based SDN and analyze the probability of state transfer between SDNs. In order to solve the security problem at the SDN control level, the blockchain-based distributed SDN control model is proposed, and the PBFT consensus algorithm is introduced to realize the blockchain consensus-based multi-controller decision-making model. Add the MD5 algorithm and compare its performance with the SHA256 algorithm. Set up Adder modules with different bit widths and CSA Tree modules with different bases to calculate the encryption time of the RSA algorithm for various combinations. Set up simulation experiments to compare different malicious nodes and the average trust value of the consensus mechanism proposed in this paper for abnormal nodes in an SDN multi-controller. From the results, it can be seen that the computational speed of the RSA system is the fastest for the system implemented by Montgomery’s algorithm in base 16 and bit width 32 bits, and the time to complete the encryption process of 1024 bits once is only 0.97 ms. However, when the number of nodes is controlled in [0~5000], the rejection rate of abnormal nodes by the PBFT consensus algorithm in this paper basically maintains at about 92%. The consensus node designed and proposed in this paper is able to reject error nodes effectively and effectively secure the SDN smart factory network architecture.

Blockchain technology is increasingly pervasive in social production and life, and its influence on the accounting and auditing industry is undeniable. The article extensively researches blockchain technology and smart contracts, and it constructs a blockchain-based cloud data auditing model. Combining it with the evolutionary game model completes the construction of the blockchain-based cloud data auditing system. The running cost of the auditing model is analyzed in terms of communication and computation overhead, smart contract cost, time cost, etc., and how it affects the strategies of auditing clients and auditors is studied from the aspects of cost and benefit, respectively. In this paper, the audit model’s average communication overhead and computation overhead are 9.86 KB and 0.82 seconds, respectively. The cost of the smart contract model is relatively low and shows a steady trend. The average query time of this paper’s auditing model is 0.78ms, and none of the validation times on the validator exceeds 5ms, while the average validation times on the blockchain and cloud servers are 11.01ms and 534.35ms, respectively. The auditing client and the auditor tend to adopt the blockchain technology strategy when the cost reduces, or the benefit increases, with a probability of adoption approaching 1 after numerous games.

BackgroundDepression is a common public health problem, characterized by persistent low mood, lack of pleasure and exhaustion. Conventional treatments such as antidepressants and psychotherapy have some limitations, including variable efficacy, adverse side effects and high costs. Acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) therapy, as a subtype of acupuncture, has gained increasing clinical application due to its long-term effects, higher patient compliance, and cost-effectiveness. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ACE for depression.MethodsElectronic searches will be conducted in 12 databases (both in English and Chinese databases), encompassing from inception to April 2022, without language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involve ACE for treating depression will be included. The primary outcome measures will include the response rate, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Traditional Chinese Medicine Symptom Scale (TCMSSS). The secondary outcome measure will include Quality of Life scale score (QoL) and the incidence of adverse events. Results will be presented as risk ratios for dichotomous data and mean differences for continuous data. Two reviewers will independently conduct study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. The methodological quality of eligible studies will be evaluated according to the criteria specified by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Version 5.1.0). Meta-analysis will be performed by RevMan 5.3 software.DiscussionDue to the limitations, a safer, high-efficacy and non-pharmacological intervention with minimal side effects is required for treating depression. ACE has the advantages of longer-lasting effects, improved patient compliance, and reduced treatment costs. This protocol represents a meta-analysis and systematic review, aiming to present the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of ACE for depression. It seeks to provide clinicians with a theoretical basis and valuable references for complementary and alternative medicine therapies in their treatment approaches.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, Identifier CRD42022325966.

In Chinese piano teaching practice, the importance of auditory perception of music has been neglected, so that in piano performance and teaching, many people play music that lacks personality and emotional experience. This paper proposes an auditory perception model based on wavelet packet domain based on the acoustic properties of the human ear. The model analyzes the acoustical perception characteristics of piano audio signals through wavelet transform, and introduces adaptive wavelet packet decomposition into the calculation of the auditory perception model to simplify the calculation of the model, so that the obtained auditory masking threshold is closer to the actual value. Finally, the acoustic perception model is practically applied to piano teaching to verify its effectiveness. And the traditional Chinese music elements of Gong, Zheng and Shang were infiltrated in piano teaching. The results showed that the model detected the 3rd harmonic g1 with root tone C, whose frequency peak was most prominent at 397.25 Hz, and the sound pressure value reached 39.50 dB, indicating that the auditory perception ability directly affects the musical expression and creativity. This study cultivates students’ musical auditory perception ability, which significantly improves piano playing ability.

Improving the quality of preschool education management is the basic guarantee of national talent training. In this paper, the data envelopment analysis of resource allocation efficiency of preschool education is conducted by analyzing the characteristics of preschool education and the allocation process of educational resources. Based on the original input and original output, the productivity of preschool education is analyzed by combining different environmental variables in the CCR model. The asymptotic approximation method was used to improve the fit of the initial data and to speed up the convergence of the fit by weighting. Based on the study of preschool education in County M, kindergartens with resource allocation at a high level ( 0.8≤ θ

This paper first analyzes the innovation and entrepreneurial ability demands and development influencing factors of university students in economics and management and proposes the “one body and four wings” cultivation model of innovation and entrepreneurship based on this model. Secondly, the evaluation system of innovation and entrepreneurship education indexes in colleges and universities is constructed according to this model, and the similarity degree is calculated using K-means clustering, and the Kruskal algorithm optimizes the K value. Finally, the quantitative data analysis was carried out by examining the index weights and index evaluation. The results showed that the evaluation scores of innovation and entrepreneurship education objectives increased by 35.51%, 40.31%, 19.01% and 26.40%, respectively, compared with other indicators, indicating that the use of the “one body and four wings” cultivation mode can promote the development of innovation and entrepreneurship education.

In this article, the WC-10Ni coatings were fabricated by HVOF spray, then the ultrasonic cavitation erosion performances of the coatings in distilled water and 3.5 wt% NaCl solution with various Na2S concentrations (0, 20 and 200 ppm) were investigated. The results of the cumulative volume loss of the coating in different mediums showed that the coating exhibited enhanced cavitation erosion resistance with the increase of Na2S concentrations in medium. The reason for the improvement on the cavitation erosion performance was the growth of corrosion product films containing sulphide. In comparison with the coating after cavitation erosion in medium without Na2S, no large craters and deep grooves were observed on the eroded coating surface in medium with Na2S. The ultrasonic cavitation damage of the coating manifests as the spall of the metal binder phase (Ni) and exposure of the hard phase (WC).

Highway engineering construction is a complex multi-objective management project, and the traditional multi-objective task management approach has been difficult to cope with the uniqueness of highway engineering construction management. In order to improve the efficiency of multi-objective management in highway engineering, the study proposes to construct a multi-objective management model using particle swarm and harmony search algorithms for highway engineering management. First of all, the study first explores the management indexes in highway engineering, and constructs the functional relationship according to the selected indexes. Then the particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the database of the harmonic search algorithm, and the harmony search algorithm can be based on the optimized database to find the optimal solution for objective management. The experimental results show that the improved particle swarm and harmony search algorithm has good distribution and convergence. After the optimization of the proposed model, the multi-objective highway project management scheme is 39% ahead of schedule, 17% savings in input funds, and 2.56% and 3.56% improvement in highway quality indexes and ecological environment management indexes, respectively, compared with the original scheme. Therefore, the model has a good application prospect to formulate the optimal multi-objective management scheme with excellent performance to improve the management efficiency of highway engineering.

AbstractObjective: To verify that the TiO2 nanofilm dip-coated by sol-gel can reduce titanium alloy implants (TAI)’s heat production after microwave diathermy (MD).Methods: The effect of 40 W and 60 W MD on the titanium alloy substrate coated with TiO2 nanofilm (Experimental Group) and the titanium alloy substrate without film (Control Group) were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Changes in the skeletal muscle around the implant were evaluated in ex vivo by histology.Results: After 20 min of MD, in vitro the temperature rise of the titanium substrate was less in the Experimental Group than in the Control Group (40 W: 1.4 °C vs. 2.6 °C, p

Coastal salt marshes, as an important wetland type, have great social, economic and ecological values. This study surveyed and analyzed the distribution of coastal salt marshes in Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, based on multi-source domestic high spatial resolution satellite imagery and field survey. At the end of 2019, the distribution areas of coastal salt marshes in Guangdong and Guangxi were 1 258.00 hm2 and 1 450.36 hm2, respectively. Salt marshes distributed in 14 coastal cities of Guangdong except Maoming. The distribution areas of salt marshes in Zhuhai, Jiangmen and Zhanjiang were 438.89 hm2, 331.83 hm2 and 162.36 hm2, respectively, accounting for 34.89%, 26.38% and 12.91% of the total salt marsh area in Guangdong. Salt marshes distributed in 3 coastal cities of Guangxi. The distribution areas of salt marshes in Beihai, Fangchenggang, and Qinzhou were 1 354.87 hm2, 49.73 hm2 and 45.76 hm2, respectively, accounting for 93.41%, 3.43% and 3.16% of the total salt marsh area in Guangxi. The distribution areas of Spartina alterniflora in Guangdong and Guangxi were 327.96 hm2 and 1 312.02 hm2, respectively. Spartina alterniflora in Guangdong was mainly distributed in Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Zhanjiang and Chaozhou, with the area of 179.07 hm2, 73.64 hm2, 69.72 hm2 and 5.52 hm2, respectively. The area of Spartina alterniflora in the coastal tidal zone of Guangdong has been relatively stable in the past 5 years. Spartina alterniflora in Guangxi was mainly distributed in Beihai and Qinzhou, with the area of 1 309.04 hm2 and 2.98 hm2, respectively. The area of Spartina alterniflora in Guangxi increased by 1 311.08 hm2 compared with the introduction year. Spartina alterniflora expanded continuously in the east coast of Beihai, Tieshan Harbor, and Lianzhou Bay, especially Spartina alterniflora in Lianzhou Bay was in the rapid expansion period. More work is suggested to strengthen the operational monitoring, prevention and control of Spartina alterniflora.

ObjectiveTo study the relationship and molecular characteristics of a non-toxic ogawa serotype Vibrio cholerae food isolate with food and clinical isolates at home and abroad.MethodsQuantitative polymerase chain reaction （qPCR） and high-throughput sequencing was applied to obtain virulent genes distribution and genome sequence. Bioinformatic methods were used to identify their multi-locus sequencing typing （MLST） types. One hundred and one isolates genomes were mapped to reference genome Vibrio cholerae N16961 to obtain the single nucletiode variant （SNV）. All alignment was applied to construct the evolutionary tree after removing recombination. Comparative genome analysis was applied to the genes presence and absence in food isolates and close strains.ResultsThe food isolate was a cholera toxin negative and toxin-coregulated pilus positive （CNTP） strain of Vibrio cholerae. The MLST type was ST1480 which belonged to the same clonal complex of the ST75 CNTP strain prevalent in Hangzhou. It was in the branch of L3b.1 in the phylogenic tree， and highly homologous to clinical isolates in 2011 （HZ11-1， HZ11-2）. After removing the recombination， there were only 26 different SNVs.ConclusionThe food isolate was highly close to the clones of the CNTP Vibrio cholerae L3b.1 branch in Hangzhou. The source of infection in the sporadic cases in Hangzhou may be related to the contamination of reptile so that the disinfection of its breeding sites and sales sites should be strengthen.

In this study, the corrosion resistances of the HVOF sprayed Cr3C2–NiCr coating and nickel aluminium bronze (NAB) were tested in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution with different Na2S concentrations, which included 0, 20, 100 and 200 ppm. Their corrosion behaviors were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization, cyclic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and constant potential polarization. The obtained data was used to analyze the effect of sulphide on corrosion mechanisms of the Cr3C2–NiCr coating. The potentiodynamic polarization outcome showed that the corrosion resistances of the Cr3C2–NiCr coating and NAB in the NaCl solution without sulphide were close to each other. However, the Cr3C2–NiCr coating exhibited more stable corrosion resistance in the NaCl solution containing sulphide than the NAB, which is attributed to the formation of passive film as confirmed by the cyclic polarization and EIS tests. The corrosion mechanism of the Cr3C2–NiCr coating and NAB showed different evolution with increasing sulphide in corrosion solution. Even if the NAB exhibited more stable current density than the Cr3C2–NiCr coating during constant potential polarization, the corrosion resistance of the NAB was inferior to that of the Cr3C2–NiCr coating.

Surface soil moisture (SSM) reflects the dry and wet states of soil. Microwave remote sensing technology can accurately obtain regional SSM in real time and effectively improve the level of agricultural drought monitoring, and it is of great significance for agricultural precision irrigation and smart agriculture construction. Based on Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Landsat-8 images, the effect of vegetation was removed by the water cloud model (WCM), and SSM was retrieved and validated by a radial basis function (RBF) neural network model in bare soil and vegetated areas, respectively. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) calculated by Landsat-8 (NDVI_Landsat-8) had a better effect on removing the influence the of vegetation layer than that of NDVI_Sentinel-2. The RBF network model, established in a bare area (R = 0.796; RMSE = 0.029 cm3/cm3), and the RBF neural network model, established in vegetated areas (R = 0.855; RMSE = 0.024 cm3/cm3), have better simulation effects on SSM than a linear SSM inversion model with single polarization. The introduction of surface parameters to the RBF neural network model can improve the accuracy of the model and realize the high-accuracy inversion of SSM in the study area.

With the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), massive terminal devices are connected to the network, generating a large amount of IoT data. The reliable sharing of IoT data is crucial for fields such as smart home and healthcare, as it promotes the intelligence of the IoT and provides faster problem solutions. Traditional data sharing schemes usually rely on a trusted centralized server to achieve each attempted access from users to data, which faces serious challenges of a single point of failure, low reliability, and an opaque access process in current IoT environments. To address these disadvantages, we propose a secure and dynamic access control scheme for the IoT, named SDACS, which enables data owners to achieve decentralized and fine-grained access control in an auditable and reliable way. For access control, attribute-based control (ABAC), Hyperledger Fabric, and interplanetary file system (IPFS) were used, with four kinds of access control contracts deployed on blockchain to coordinate and implement access policies. Additionally, a lightweight, certificateless authentication protocol was proposed to minimize the disclosure of identity information and ensure the double-layer protection of data through secure off-chain identity authentication and message transmission. The experimental and theoretical analysis demonstrated that our scheme can maintain high throughput while achieving high security and stability in IoT data security sharing scenarios.

Blasting technology is widely applied in various engineering applications due to its cost-effectiveness and high efficiency, such as in mining, transport infrastructure construction, and building demolition. However, the occurrence of cracking in the rear row has always been a major problem that disrupts mining bench blasting. To address this issue, a three-hole simultaneous blasting technology is proposed in this study. Both numerical simulations and onsite blasting experimental testing were conducted. To aid this endeavor, the three-hole simultaneous blasting and the hole-by-hole blasting methods were adopted to comparatively analyze the severity of the damage caused to the original rock and the effect of rock fragmentation in the rear row. The obtained results highlighted that the outcome of the blast produced by the three-hole simultaneous blasting method is satisfactory, with fewer flying stones and concentrated blasting piles required. Additionally, the original rock in the rear row showed no obvious sign of tensile damage and had uniform fragmentation. It was also found that a block size of less than 60 cm accounts for 100%, while a block size of less than 50 cm accounts for 98.7% of the whole blocks, with no large blocks reported. Moreover, a penetrating horizontal crack occurred in the direction of the connection of the blast hole center when the three-hole simultaneous blasting method was adopted. This resulted in a smooth and flat rear part of the rocks at the interface. Compared to the hole-by-hole blasting method, the three-hole simultaneous blasting method improved the effective stress and displacement at each measurement point. At the measurement point directly at the front of the borehole, the maximum effective stress attained 67.9 GPa, and the maximum displacement reported was 31.9 cm. Overall, it was shown that the three-hole simultaneous blasting technology is applicable in similar applications of mine bench blasting, which is conducive to addressing the rear row original rock strain for onsite bench blasting.

The present study emphasizes the role of sulphide on ultrasonic cavitation erosion-corrosion (UCE-C) behaviors of HVOF-sprayed WC-Cr3C2-Ni coating in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution with different sulphide concentrations. The results indicated that the ultrasonic cavitation erosion (UCE) resistance of the coating decreased significantly with increasing sulphide concentration. The coating reacted with oxygen and anion those transferred by UCE, and the cavitation impact force led to the lack of support for tungsten carbide particles, which resulted in the reduction in the mass of the coating. There were two main factors those affected the UCE-C mechanism, in which the passivation film helped to reduce the mass loss of the coating, while the impact force caused by cavitation destroyed the passivation film, led to the accelerated anion diffusion and ultimately accelerated the mass loss of the coating. Mechanical erosion dominated the UCE-C of the coating in all tested solutions.

Groundwater resources are closely related to climate change. Evaluating the groundwater deficit and its variation characteristics under climate change is necessary to understand the risk associated with enhanced groundwater recovery solutions and to provide supporting information for choosing the best technology and risk-reducing measures to implement. In this study, by using the CROPWAT model and copula theory, (1) we developed a groundwater deficit index (Gsci) for agricultural requirements that assesses the risk to groundwater resources imposed by precipitation changes on the North China Plain (NCP), and the four grades of Gsci were high deficit, moderate deficit, low deficit, and no deficit. (2) We estimated Gsci on the NCP for the period 1971–2020 by applying the climatic, soil, crop phenological, and hydrogeology data to the developed index. (3) The occurrence probability of each Gsci grade was evaluated. In the years with abundant precipitation, the occurrence probabilities of no-deficit events were 1, 0, 0, 0, 0.36, 0.56, and 0 on the Yanshan Plain, Taihang-Hebei Plain, Taihang-Henan Plain, Central-Hebei Plain, Central-Shandong Plain, Central-Henan Plain, and Coastal Plain, respectively. (4) The effective precipitation threshold for the occurrence of each Gsci grade was calculated, and the effective precipitation thresholds for the occurrence of no-deficit events were 495 mm, 595 mm, 525 mm, 400 mm, 455 mm, and 555 mm on the Taihang-Hebei Plain, Taihang-Henan Plain, Central-Hebei Plain, Central-Henan Plain, Central-Shandong Plain, and Coastal Plain, respectively. Our findings are useful for assessing the impacts of precipitation changes on groundwater resources and provide a further basis for the design of groundwater resource management strategies with respect to climate change, especially in water‐limited arid agricultural regions.

Bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) has a unique layered structure and uneven charge distribution, resulting in an internal electric field under polarization, which promotes the efficient separation and migration of photogenerated carriers. BiOCl could be a candidate for sonophotocatalysts. However, the low utilization of visible light limits the application of BiOCl in photocatalysts. In this study, the photocatalytic performance of rare earth element (Nd, Sm, Eu, Er and Er)-doped BiOCl was studied by density functional theory (DFT) and experimentally to screen high-performance catalysts. The band structure, density of states, and optical properties were calculated by the DFT method to predict the photocatalytic activity of rare earth-doped BiOCl. The built-in electric field formed in Eu-doped BiOCl inhibiting electron and hole recombination can be observed. Subsequently, the activity of the photocatalyst and sonophotocatalysts was evaluated. The results show that the photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic activity of Eu-doped BiOCl is improved, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction. Combining theoretical calculations with experiments, the sonophotocatalytic activity of Eu-doped BiOCl is enhanced, mainly due to the synergistic effect of inhibiting carrier recombination, and expansion to the visible light absorption region.

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tianmeng Oral Liquid in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia caused by antipsychotics in female patients with schizophrenia， and to provide references for intervention of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia patients.MethodsEnglish databases （PubMed， Cochrane Library， PsycINFO and Embase） and Chinese databases （CNKI and Wanfang） were systematically searched， with a search time frame of the period from database creation to September 16， 2022. Randomized controlled studies （RCTs） on adjunctive Tianmeng Oral Liquid in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia caused by antipsychotics in female patients with schizophrenia were included. Three investigators independently screened the literatures and extracted data according to PICOS principles and evaluated the quality of including literatures， and the Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3.ResultsA total of 3 articles including 256 female schizophrenic patients with hyperprolactinemia were included. Meta-analysis results showed that at the treatment endpoint， the improvement of hyperprolactinemia symptoms reported a significant superiority of the intervention group than the control group （RR=1.73， 95% CI： 1.07~2.79， P˂0.05）. Similarly， the significant superiority of the intervention group than the control group were also found in reducing serum prolactin levels （WMD=-55.17， 95% CI： -68.16~-42.18， P

In this paper, a uniform quantization design method for the parallel text DC-DC converter network control system (NCS) is proposed in combination with the sliding mode control (SMC) strategy to solve the problem that performing the system is poor because of the inability to process long signals in time. Taking the parallel buck converter as an example, first, the master-slave current sharing SM controller of the parallel buck converter is designed. Then, the NCS containing the designed SM controller is uniformly quantized in the continuous domain, and the stability performance of the system is analyzed according to the quantization error. Considering the parallel buck converter’s application in the digital control system, the discretization effect of the uniform quantization SMC system is studied using a text zero-order hold (ZOH), and the stability conditions of the discrete quantization system are given. Finally, the system’s state trajectories and output performances under different parameters in the continuous domain and discrete domain are analyzed by simulations, and the correctness and reliability of the uniform quantization SMC system designed in this paper are further verified by experiments.

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a reliability analysis method that analysis all possible failure modes for each product in a system and all possible effects of failure modes on the system, to classify each failure mode and to propose solutions and preventative measures. It is undeniable that the traditional FMEA method has been widely criticized for its simple scoring and single algorithm. To improve the usability of FMEA, hesitation fuzzy preference relation sets (HFPRs) based on hesitant fuzzy sets have been introduced into FMEA research because of their good fuzziness and uncertainty properties. Most existing consistency-based algorithms for HFPR processing, however, do not consider the possible coherence deviation of the reluctant fuzzy set itself, which includes multiplicative consistency (MC) theory, which will result in the reduced accuracy of results from such algorithms, in addition to not supporting group decision-making well in heterogeneous environments. At the same time, when building a group consensus, constantly adjusting HFPRs through group decision feedback can easily lead to conservative or radical scoring by experts. Therefore, an excellent hybrid FMEA assessment method is studied in this paper. In this approach, an extended multiplicative consistency equation is constructed by extending the applicability of MC in the treatment of HFPR, and on this basis, a mathematical model with the ability to deal with sets of heterogeneous fuzzy preference relations (H-HFPRs) is constructed. Lastly, based on the predictability principle of the occurrence level (O), a scoring correction algorithm is constructed based on group consensus theory to reduce the conservative or aggressive bias of the expert group in the results. The new method was used in the risk assessment of Change oilfield subsea pipeline engineering, and the results were compared with several existing methods to verify the effectiveness and advancement of the proposed method.

Abstract The expression of GPR84 in bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages (BMMs) can inhibit osteoclast formation; however, its role in bone metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unknown. To investigate the effects of GPR84 on bone metastasis of CRC, the murine CRC cell line MC-38 was injected into tibial bone marrow. We found that the expression of GPR84 in BMMs was gradually downregulated during bone metastasis of CRC, and the activation of GPR84 significantly prevented osteoclastogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, the MAPK pathway mediated the effects of GPR84 on osteoclast formation. Moreover, we found that IL-11 at least partly inhibited the expression of GPR84 in the tumor microenvironment through the inactivation of STAT1. Additionally, activation of GPR84 could prevent osteolysis during bone metastasis of CRC. Our results suggest that CRC cells downregulate the expression of GPR84 in BMMs to promote osteoclastogenesis in an IL-11-dependent manner. Thus, GPR84 could be a potential therapeutic target to attenuate bone destruction induced by CRC metastasis.

Abstract Background Lumbar interbody fusion(LIF) is the leading way to treat Lumbar Degenerative Diseases(LDD). At present, there is a lack of research on the influencing factors of hidden blood loss in minimally invasive hybrid lumbar interbody fusion. This study comprehensively explores the definite factors affecting the hidden blood loss in minimally invasive hybrid lumbar interbody fusion. Materials and methods One hundred patients with Lumbar degenerative diseases who underwent minimally invasive hybrid lumbar interbody fusion in our center were included. Demographics, laboratory data, surgical data, and radiographic data were collected. The Gross equation and Sehat equation were used to calculate the estimated value of hidden blood loss. Multi-factor linear regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors of hidden blood loss. Result We reviewed and collected 100 patients who underwent minimally invasive hybrid approach, mean age 65 ± 10 years, male: female 37:63; 17 patients of diabetes and 83 patients of non-diabetes; Total blood loss was 645.59 ± 376.37 ml, hidden blood loss was 421.39 ± 337.45 ml, the hidden blood loss percentage was 57 ± 26%. Results from the multi-factorial linear regression model: Diabetes (p

Abstract In oral and maxillofacial surgery, flap repair is essential to the quality of postoperative life. Still, thrombosis is fatal for the survival of the flaps. Besides, some postoperative thrombotic diseases, such as pulmonary embolism, also intimidate patients’ life. The traditional diagnostic methods are still limited by a large amount of hardware and suffer from inconvenience, delay, and subjectivity. Moreover, the treatments mainly rely upon thrombolytics, such as urokinase (UK) plasminogen activator, which may cause bleeding risk, especially intracerebral hemorrhage. Herein, a kind of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) containing a first near-infrared window (NIR-I) phototheranostic agent Y8 and urokinase plasminogen activator (UK) as the core, and modified with the fibrin-targeting peptide Gly–Pro–Arg–Pro–Pro (GPRPP) were developed for the flap and postoperative thromboembolism treatment (named GPRPP-Y8U@P). The conjugated molecule Y8 endows GPRPP-Y8U@P with the capacity of NIR-II imaging and excellent photothermal/photodynamic therapeutic effects. In vivo experiments demonstrated that GPRPP-Y8U@P could quickly locate thrombus by NIR-II fluorescence imaging, and semi-quantitative analysis of the embolized blood vessels' paraffin section verified its thrombolytic efficiency. Additionally, the urokinase trapped in the NPs would not result in nonspecific bleeding, tremendously improving physical security and curative effects with minimizing side effects. Overall, the advantages of GPRPP-Y8U@P, such as precise localization of the thrombus, thrombus ablation in the site, and mild side effects, demonstrated the attractiveness of this approach for effective clinical monitoring of thrombus therapy.