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According to the latest report from the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC), currently, global warming due to methane (CH4) alone is about 0.5°C while due to carbon dioxide (CO2) alone is about 0.75°C. As CH4 emissions will continue growing, in order to limit warming to 1.5˚C, some of the most effective strategies are rapidly reducing CH4 emissions and developing large scale CH4 removal methods. The aim of this review article is to summarise and propose possible methods for atmospheric CH4 removal, based on the hydroxyl radical (°OH), which is the principal natural sink of many gases in the atmosphere and on many water surfaces. Inspired by mechanisms of °OH generation in the atmosphere and observed or predicted enhancement of °OH by climate change and human activities, we proposed several methods to enhance the °OH sink by some physical means using water vapour and artificial UV radiation.

Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) has received huge amounts of attention in the past two decades. However, there are still many critical problems about fundamental behaviours of RAC, which need to be figured out and which otherwise limit its further sustainable popularisation. Therefore, this series of two overviews rethinks fundamental behaviours of RAC based on the latest literature. In this overview (part I), the strength development and its mechanism, as well as failure patterns of RAC under static and dynamic loading, are explored. Then, the influencing factors and prediction models of elastic modulus, shrinkage and creep of RAC are intensively discussed. It is found that, compared with natural aggregate concrete, the 28 day compressive strength of RAC is lower, whereas the long-term compressive strength of RAC may be higher, which partly depends on the strength of the parent concrete. Furthermore, because the elastic modulus of RAC is often decreased, the drying shrinkage and creep of RAC are always increased. However, the autogenous shrinkage of RAC can be decreased, and also generally develops for above 60 days. Finally, some models have been summarised to better predict the elastic modulus and long-term deformation of RAC.

Although recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) has been extensively studied, several critical problems with its fundamental behaviors still urgently need to be figured out. Therefore, this series of two reviews re-thinks fundamental behaviors of RAC based on the latest literature. In the last review (part I), the mechanical and deformation behaviors of RAC were intensively discussed. Here in part II, the relationships between the replacement ratio of recycled aggregates (RA) and the durability of RAC are further presented. It is found that, owing to the increase of total porosity, the resistance of RAC to freeze–thaw cycles, carbonation, and chloride ion penetration is usually decreased with the increasing replacement ratio of RA. As a result, the steel corrosion and corrosion-induced cracking in RAC are more serious than those in natural aggregate concrete (NAC). The prediction models for carbonation and chloride ion penetration of RAC and the corrosion-induced crack patterns are also presented. To address the degradation on the performance of RAC, several enhancement technologies such as the combined/optimisation pre-treatment on RA and fiber reinforcement are put forward. Finally, the prospects of the high-performance/efficiency methodologies and applications of RAC are also shown.

As an important aspect of marketing strategy, customer loyalty plays a vital role in brand building. This paper takes customer loyalty as the research object, and conducts theoretical research on consumers, cost, convenience and communication based on the 4C marketing theory. This paper combines 104 actual and effective survey data, and uses the regression analysis method of the data. In the context of the rapid development of 2019-nCoV in the past five years, Chinese consumers' loyalty to Paris consumers, changes in consumption patterns, changes in the loyalty of young consumers, and new changes faced by L'Oréal Paris. Under this circumstance, the brand should deal with its own characteristics, deal with new changes, strengthen the building of brand customer loyalty, and promote brand building.

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) can achieve simultaneous carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal owing to its three-dimensional oxygen gradient structure. However, long start-up period and poor operational stability restrict its application and promotion. A novel rapid granulation strategy, viz., the short-term (7 days) addition of ferric chloride at the commissioning stage, was developed and verified in this study. The granulation period was shortened by 9 days, and the formed granules were compact and dense with an Fe

Compared to the three-dimensional (3D) perovskite materials, the Ruddlesden−Popper (R-P) type two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites have indicated specific unique physical properties that include moisture-stable behaviours, exciton effects, and quantum confinements, making it a solid and potential candidate for optoelectronic applications. Nonetheless, while specific candidates have exhibited visible-blind ultraviolet (UV) photoelectric response, most R-P type 2D materials have been known to be photosensitive to visible light. In this study, an R-P type 2D lead bromide hybrid perovskite (C8H11FN)2PbBr4, (1, where C8H10FN is 4-Fluorophenethylamine) has been analyzed, which contained both inorganic frameworks and organic cations. Moreover, 1 exhibits a relatively wide optical bandgap of 3.30 eV, corresponding to that of the Br-based 2D R-P perovskites expected to exhibit selective photoresponse for the UV light. It is pertinent to note that the photodetectors based on the crystal of 1 exhibit spectral selective photoresponse for UV light with high detectivity up to ∼ 1.6×1011 Jones. Moreover, the trap density of 1 is estimated to be 1.34×1011 cm-3; the trap density of 1 was almost equal to that obtained in the high-quality 3D CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystals. Besides, under external environment, 1 illustrated excellent stability. The figures of merit for its photoconductivity make 1 a potential candidate for the visible-blind UV photodetection. This discovery opens up new vistas for the further development of optoelectric devices based on 2D R-P organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites.

Hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites (HOIPs) possess significant photoelectric characteristics for solar energy conversion, but the presence of lead causes issues for eco-friendly applications. Halide double perovskites represent a green option for application in the optoelectronic field, especially X-ray detection systems. Despite the great efforts, the exploration of large-size lead-free iodide-based hybrid double perovskite single crystals for X-ray detection has been unsuccessful. Herein, we demonstrate that a large single crystal of the 2D (two-dimensional) semiconducting perovskite (C

Some advanced and meaningful work was conducted on halide perovskites for X-ray detectors, and the performance of the corresponding X-ray detectors has reached new heights.

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum) that results in substantial yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. Reliable genetic resources for FHB resistance in wheat are lacking. In this study, we characterized glycoside hydrolase 12 (GH12) family proteins secreted by F. graminearum. We established that two GH12 proteins, Fg05851 and Fg11037, have functionally redundant roles in F. graminearum colonization of wheat. Furthermore, we determined that the GH12 proteins Fg05851 and Fg11037 are recognized by the leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like protein RXEG1 in the dicot Nicotiana benthamiana. Heterologous expression of RXEG1 conferred wheat responsiveness to Fg05851 and Fg11037, enhanced wheat resistance to F. graminearum and reduced levels of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in wheat grains in a Fg05851/Fg11037-dependent manner. In the RXEG1 transgenic lines, genes related to pattern-triggered plant immunity, the salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and anti-oxidative homeostasis signaling pathways were upregulated during F. graminearum infection. However, expression of these genes was not significantly changed during infection by the deletion mutant ΔFg05851/Fg11037, suggesting that the recognition of Fg05851/Fg11037 by RXEG1 triggered plant resistance against FHB. Moreover, introducing RXEG1 into three other different wheat cultivars via crossing also conferred resistance to F. graminearum. Expression of RXEG1 did not have obvious deleterious effects on plant growth and development in wheat. Our study reveals that N. benthamiana RXEG1 remains effective when transferred into wheat, a monocot, which in turn suggests that engineering wheat with interfamily plant immune receptor transgenes is a viable strategy for increasing resistance to FHB.

Methane (CH 4 ) is a potent greenhouse gas and the second highest contributor to global warming. CH 4 emissions are still growing at an alarmingly high pace. To limit global warming to 1.5 o C, one of the most effective strategies is to reduce rapidly the CH 4 emissions by developing large-scale methane removal methods. The purpose of this perspective paper is threefold. (1) To highlight the technology gap dealing with low concentration CH 4 (at many emission sources and in the atmosphere). (2) To analyze the challenges and prospects of solar-driven gas phase advanced oxidation processes for CH 4 removal. And (3) to propose some ideas, which may help to develop solar-driven gas phase advanced oxidation processes and make them deployable at a climate significant scale.

In view of the high recognition error rate and long scanning time in the existing hospital scanning technology, a new hospital operating room scanning system is designed based on personal digital assistant (PDA). The PDA scanning device adopts PIC16F877A microcontroller of 8 bit for wireless transmission through RFID and bluetooth technology, the code scanning efficiency is greatly improved. In addition, in order to improve the accuracy of image analysis, this study also adopts the energy driven sampling classification algorithm (EDS-CA) to properly preprocess the medical data information received through PDA scanning, then constructs a function classifier, and improves the image processing efficiency according to the EDS-CA reduction process. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of the code scanning system designed in this study is 95%, which proves that PDA code scanning has good performance.

White-light emission (WLE) materials based on organic-inorganic hybrid lead halides have drawn considerable attention because of their applications in light-emission equipment. Despite considerable efforts, there is still a lack of two-dimensional (2D) lead-chlorine white-light emitting halides with high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE). Herein, we report the preparation of a new 2D layered hybrid halide, [DTHPE]Pb

Maintaining body temperature within a narrow range is vital for warm-blooded animals. In rodents, the preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus detects and regulates core body temperature. However, knowledge about the thermal regulation center in primates remains limited. Here, we show that activating a subpopulation of POA neurons by a chemogenetic strategy reliably induces hypothermia in anesthetized and freely moving macaques. Comprehensive monitoring of physiological parameters reveals that such hypothermia is accompanied by autonomic changes including a rise in heart rate, skeletal muscle activity, and correlated biomarkers in blood. Consistent with enhanced ambulatory movement during hypothermia, the animals show a full range of cold-defense behaviors. Resting-state fMRI confirms the chemogenetic activation of POA and charts a brain-wide network of thermoregulation. Altogether, our findings demonstrate the central regulation of body temperature in primates and pave the way for future application in clinical practice.

The use of semiconductors as photoelectrochemical electrodes and photocatalysts has been studied extensively over the last few decades; however, it is challenging to design one single material meeting a wide range of requirements for applications such as photostability, wide light absorbance and earth abundance. In this study, we started with earth-abundant materials, namely TiO 2, Cu 2O and carbon, to design a nanocomposite with TiO 2 nanofibers (NFs) and Cu 2O nanocubes (NCs) connected by carbon nanowires (NWs). The nanocomposite (C/TiO 2/Cu 2O) demonstrated excellent photo(electro)activity under simulated visible light as well as enhanced durability. Morphologies imaged by electron microscopes showed that TiO 2 NFs and Cu 2O NCs were well connected, while thin and long carbon NWs were present throughout the samples and connected the NFs and NCs to form a compact composite. Electrochemical analysis revealed that the band alignment between TiO 2 and Cu 2O was typical for a type-II heterojunction, which is favourable for the separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Moreover, carbon NWs act as bridges, thus facilitating more efficient charge transfer. Overall, this research showed the design and preparation of a nanostructured composite with improved charge transfer and photostability for solar photoelectrochemical applications.

Self-compassion is beneficial for individuals' emotional health, but debates regarding its conceptualization are increasing. The present study aimed to explore the neural basis of self-compassion and its compassionate and uncompassionate dimensions and the indirect path from neural basis to emotional health. Structural MRI and Resting-state fMRI data were used to measure the gray matter volume (GMV) and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in 88 healthy college students. We found that individuals with higher self-compassion had decreased GMV in the prefrontal cortex, cerebellum as well as lower ALFF in the occipital lobe. The compassionate and uncompassionate dimensions of self-compassion shared some similarities (e.g., common correlation with GMV in the medial prefrontal cortex, ALFF in the occipital lobe) but also had some differences (e.g., only uncompassionate dimensions correlated with GMV in the lateral prefrontal cortex, ALFF in medial temporal lobe/striatum). The indirect path analyses revealed that corresponding brain characteristics could have associations with emotional health through self-compassion, as well as its uncompassionate dimension, but not compassionate dimension. This exploratory whole-brain study showed some preliminary findings that compassionate and uncompassionate dimensions of self-compassion were related to distinct brain regions, which are both important to the current conceptualization of self-compassion and intervention study.

Objective To investigate the effect of Fasudil on H

The global COVID-19 pandemic underscores the dire need for effective antivirals. Encouraging progress has been made in developing small-molecule inhibitors targeting the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and main protease (M

The use of numerical models in the advanced analysis and design of steel structures, particularly under extreme loading conditions, is becoming increasingly widespread. A crucial component of such models is an accurate description of the material response. A systematic study into the dynamic constitutive modelling of structural steels is presented herein. The key features of the dynamic stress–strain characteristics of structural steels at various strain rates, i.e., test methods, material strength, strain-rate effect index and strainrate effect models, are examined and discussed. Supplementary SHPB tests on both normal- and high-strength structural steels (Q235, Q355, Q460, and S960) under a wide range of strain rates up to 5000 s -1 , filling gaps in existing datasets, are then carried out. A database of dynamic test results, containing 453 stress–strain curves, is systematically established and analyzed. Finally, a continuous dynamic constitutive model, capturing the dependency of both yield strength and strain rate, is proposed to predict the dynamic stress– strain response for structural steels, from normal- to high-strength material (235–960 MPa), and from static to high strain rate loading conditions (up to 5000 s -1 ).

Objective To investigate the effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on the polarization of BV2 microglia from M1 to M2 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its mechanism. Methods The BV2 microglia were divided into control group, LPS group, and LBP treatment group (0.6, 0.9, 1.2) g/L. MTT assay was used to observe the cell viability of BV2 cells, and Griess assay was used to detect the release of NO. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected by ELISA. The expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and arginase-1 (Arg1) were detected by immunofluorescence cytochemistry. Western blot was used to evaluate the protein levels of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1), TLR4, NF-κB, iNOS, and Arg1. Results There was no significant difference of the cell survival rate after treatment with different doses of LBP. Compared to those in the control group, in LPS group the BV2 microglia were activated with amoeba-like shape and increased release of NO, the expressions of Iba-1, TLR4, NF-κB, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly increased, while the expressions of Arg1 and IL-10 was significantly decreased. In LBP group, Iba-1, TLR4, NF-κB, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were dramatically decreased and negatively correlated with the dose, while Arg1 and IL-10 were increased and positively correlated with the dose. Conclusion LBP inhibits activation of BV2 microglia induced by LPS and promots the M2 polarization, which may be realized through inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

The global COVID-19 pandemic underscores the dire need of effective antivirals. Encouraging progress has been made in developing small molecule inhibitors targeting the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and main protease (Mpro). However, the development of papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibitors faces several obstacles. Nevertheless, PLpro represents a high-profile drug target given its multifaceted roles in viral replication. PLpro is involved in not only the cleavage of viral polyprotein but also modulation of host immune response. In this study, we conducted a drug-repurposing screening of PLpro against the MedChemExpress bioactive compound library and identified three hits, EACC, KY-226, and tropifexor, as potent PLpro inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 3.39 to 8.28 µM. The three hits showed dose-dependent binding to PLpro in the thermal shift assay. In addition, tropifexor inhibited the cellular PLpro activity in the FlipGFP assay with an IC50 of 10.6 µM. Gratifyingly, tropifexor showed antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in Calu-3 cells with an EC50 of 4.03 µM, a 7.8-fold increase compared to GRL0617 (EC50 = 31.4 µM). Overall, tropifexor represents a novel PLpro inhibitor that can be further developed as SARS-CoV-2 antivirals.

Nonspecific chronic low back pain (NCLBP) is a leading contributor to disease burden worldwide, and the management of NCLBP has always been a problem. This study is designed to explore the feasibility and efficacy of m-health-based core stability exercise (CSE) combined with self-compassion training (SCT) and compare it with m-health-based CSE alone for the management of NCLBP.This study is a pilot, patient-blinded randomized controlled trial. Participants with NCLBP were randomized into an intervention group and a control group. All the participants received m-health-based CSE, but those in the intervention group also received SCT before CSE. The intervention took place weekly on Saturday or Sunday for 4 weeks in total. Patients self-assessed their outcomes by filling out electronic questionnaires at 4 and 16 weeks after the start of the study. The primary outcome metrics for these questionnaires were back pain disability (based on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, RMDQ) and Pain intensity (Numeric Rating Scale, NRS; current pain, worst pain, average pain). The secondary outcome metrics were anxiety (GAD-7,7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale), Depression Symptoms (PHQ-9,Patient Health Questionnaire-9), pain catastrophizing (PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale) and Self-efficiency (PSEQ, Pain Self-Efficiency Questionnaire).A total of 37 patients comprising 28 (75.7%) females completed the study, with 19 patients in the intervention group and 18 in the control group. The mean (SD) patient age was 35.2 (11.1) years. For all primary outcomes, although there were no significant differences between groups, we found that participants in the intervention group improved function and pain earlier. The RMDQ score changed by - 1.771 points (95% CI - 3.768 to 0.227) from baseline to 4 weeks in the control group and by - 4.822 points (95% CI - 6.752 to - 2.892) in the intervention group (difference between groups, - 3.052 [95% CI - 5.836 to - 0.267]). Also, the RMDQ score changed by - 3.328 points (95% CI - 5.252 to - 1.403) from baseline to 16 weeks in the control group and by - 5.124 points (95% CI - 7.014 to - 3.233) in the intervention group (difference between groups - 1.796 [95% CI - 4.501 to 0.909]). A similar pattern was found in the NRS scores. For secondary outcomes, the intervention group was superior to the control group in for GAD-7 (intervention difference from CSE along at week 16, - 2.156 [95% CI - 4.434 to - 0.122; P value for group effect was 0.030]). At the end of treatment, the improvement in PCS in the intervention group was significant (difference in PCS score at week 4, - 6.718 [95% CI - 11.872 to - 1.564]). We also found significant changes in PCS in the control group (- 6.326 [95% CI, - 11.250 to - 1.401]) at the 16-week follow-up. As for PSEQ, there were no apparent differences between the two groups. There were no adverse events relented to study participation.The pilot study is feasible to deliver, and our results indicate that participants in the group of m-health-based CSE combined with SCT may experience faster relief from pain intensity and back disability than those in the group of m-health-based CSE alone.ChiCTR2100042810.The impact of chronic low back pain on people’s life quality and social economy is increasing year by year. Helping patients self-manage low back pain through a biological-psycho-social model seems to be an effective management approach, but the lack of connectivity between disciplines limits the development of multidisciplinary collaboration. Mindfulness-related therapy (self-compassion training) has been proven to be effective in chronic pain, and exercise therapy is widely used in rehabilitation medicine. In this study, these two programs were combined. We also used mobile health technology in the study, which brings a lot of convenience for research. The results of the study showed that the efficacy of the combined group seemed to be more obvious and worthy of further study.

The engineering properties of concrete with recycled aggregates (RAC) can vary more widely than normal aggregate concretes (NAC). Because concrete-filled steel tubes do not rely solely on t...