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Introduction: Reducing lung cancer deaths through early detection by computed tomography (CT) screening requires delivery of effective treatment. We performed this retrospective study to determine the types of treatment used for screen-detected stage I lung cancer at our academic center and to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients by type of treatment. Methods: All persons screened in the lung cancer screening program at our institution through June 16, 2021, were included. Those with screening CT findings needing follow-up were managed through a thoracic surgery clinic. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with having stage I lung cancer through June 16, 2021, were compared by type of treatment, with follow-up through December 31, 2021. Results: Stage I NSCLC was diagnosed in 54 of 2203 persons screened (2.5%), on the basis of biopsy in 37 and on imaging findings in 17 patients in whom a tissue diagnosis could not be obtained. Treatment was by lobectomy in 18, sublobar resection in 14, and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in 22. Patients treated with SBRT had lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second (p < 0.001) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (p

Ischemia/reperfusion injury-mediated (IRI-mediated) primary graft dysfunction (PGD) adversely affects both short- and long-term outcomes after lung transplantation, a procedure that remains the only treatment option for patients suffering from end-stage respiratory failure. While B cells are known to regulate adaptive immune responses, their role in lung IRI is not well understood. Here, we demonstrated by intravital imaging that B cells are rapidly recruited to injured lungs, where they extravasate into the parenchyma. Using hilar clamping and transplant models, we observed that lung-infiltrating B cells produce the monocyte chemokine CCL7 in a TLR4-TRIF-dependent fashion, a critical step contributing to classical monocyte (CM) recruitment and subsequent neutrophil extravasation, resulting in worse lung function. We found that synergistic BCR-TLR4 activation on B cells is required for the recruitment of CMs to the injured lung. Finally, we corroborated our findings in reperfused human lungs, in which we observed a correlation between B cell infiltration and CM recruitment after transplantation. This study describes a role for B cells as critical orchestrators of lung IRI. As B cells can be depleted with currently available agents, our study provides a rationale for clinical trials investigating B cell-targeting therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]