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To authenticate a controller area network (CAN) data frame, a message authentication code (MAC) must be sent along with the CAN frame, but there is no space reserved for the MAC in the CAN frame. Recently, difference-based compression (DBC) algorithms have been used to create a space inside the frame. DBC has the advantage of being very efficient, but its drawback is that, if an error occurs in one frame, the effects of that error propagate to subsequent frames. In this paper, a CAN data compression algorithm is proposed that compresses the current frame without relying on previous frames. Therefore, an error generated in one frame cannot be propagated to subsequent frames. In addition, a CAN signal grouping technique is proposed based on entropy analysis. To efficiently authenticate CAN frames, the length of the compressed data must be 4 bytes or less (4BL). Simulation shows that the 4BL-compression ratio of a Kia Sorento vehicle is 99.36% in the DBC method, but 100% in the proposed method. In an LS Mtron tractor, the 4BL-compression ratio is 98.58% in the DBC method, but 100% in the proposed method. In addition, the execution time of the proposed compression algorithm is only 27.39% of that of the DBC algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm has better compression characteristics for CAN security than the DBC algorithms.

Summary: Neural network studies require efficient genetic tools to analyze individual neural circuit functions in vivo. Thus, we developed an advanced circuit-selective gene manipulating tool utilizing anterograde and retrograde adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) encoding split-intein-mediated split-Cre. This strategy can be applied to visualize a specific neural circuit as well as manipulate multiple genes in the circuit neurons. Here, we describe the production and purification of the AAVs, viral injection to the mouse brain, and imaging analysis for a specific neural circuit.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kim et al. (2022). : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.

Summary: Stable and accurate capturing of detailed social behaviors is essential for studying rodent sociability. Here, we introduce a round social arena (RSA) system that enables close-up monitoring of detailed social behaviors in mice. We describe the steps to build RSA apparatus and set up the wiring for video synchronization. We then detail how to conduct RSA experiment with simultaneous Ca2+ imaging or optogenetics. This protocol also includes a custom MATLAB script for aligning the behavioral dataset to Ca2+ trace data.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kim et al. (2022). : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.