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Abstract The engineered TadA variants used in cytosine base editors (CBEs) present distinctive advantages, including a smaller size and fewer off-target effects compared to cytosine base editors that rely on natural deaminases. However, the current TadA variants demonstrate a preference for base editing in DNA with specific motif sequences and possess dual deaminase activity, acting on both cytosine and adenosine in adjacent positions, limiting their application scope. To address these issues, we employ TadA orthologs screening and multi sequence alignment (MSA)-guided protein engineering techniques to create a highly effective cytosine base editor (aTdCBE) without motif and adenosine deaminase activity limitations. Notably, the delivery of aTdCBE to a humanized mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) mice achieves robust exon 55 skipping and restoration of dystrophin expression. Our advancement in engineering TadA ortholog for cytosine editing enriches the base editing toolkits for gene-editing therapy and other potential applications.

Abstract Background Lymph node (LN) metastasis is a significant prognostic factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and there are no satisfactory methods for accurately predicting metastatic LNs. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of 99mTc‐3PRGD2 single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) for diagnosing metastatic LNs in ESCC. Methods A total of 15 enrolled patients with ESCC underwent 99mTc‐3PRGD2 SPECT/CT and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) examinations preoperatively. High‐definition bone carving reconstruction technology (HD‐xSPECT Bone) was applied to quantitatively assess the LN's SUVmax via SPECT/CT. The two methods were compared for diagnosing metastatic LNs with pathology as the gold standard. Results Among 15 patients, 23 metastatic lymph node stations (mLNSs) were predicted by SPECT/CT, with a mean SUVmax of 2.71 ± 1.34, of which 15 were pathologically confirmed; 32 mLNSs were predicted by PET/CT with a mean SUVmax of 4.41 ± 4.02, of which 17 were pathologically confirmed. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of SPECT/CT for diagnosing metastatic LNs were 62.50%, 91.30%, 85.34%, 65.22%, and 90.32%, respectively, and those of PET/CT were 70.83%, 83.70%, 81.03%, 53.13%, and 91.67%, respectively. There was no significant difference in sensitivity (p = 0.061) or specificity (p = 0.058) between the two methods. The AUCSPECT/CT was 0.816 and the SUVmax threshold was 2.5. Conclusion 99mTc‐3PRGD2 SPECT/CT might be an effective method for diagnosing metastatic LNs in ESCC, especially in combination with HD‐xSPECT Bone. The diagnostic efficiency of this method was noninferior to that of 18F‐FDG PET/CT. The SUVmax threshold of 2.5 showed the highest agreement with the pathology findings.

Abstract Optical wireless communication (OWC) stands out as one of the most promising technologies in the sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks. The establishment of high-quality optical links between transmitters and receivers plays a crucial role in OWC performances. Here, by a compact beam splitter composed of a metasurface and a fiber array, we proposed a wide-angle (~120°) OWC optical link scheme that can parallelly support up to 144 communication users. Utilizing high-speed optical module sources and wavelength division multiplexing technique, we demonstrated each user can achieve a communication speed of 200 Gbps which enables the entire system to support ultra-high communication capacity exceeding 28 Tbps. Furthermore, utilizing the metasurface polarization multiplexing, we implemented a full range wide-angle OWC without blind area nor crosstalk among users. Our OWC scheme simultaneously possesses the advantages of high-speed, wide communication area and multi-user parallel communications, paving the way for revolutionary high-performance OWC in the future.

In this study, three types of three-layer functionally graded materials (FGMs) were designed by mainting the average content of the reinforcement constant and changing the span of the composition. The B4C particle-reinforced Al-matrix FGMs and a homogeneous composite (HC) with the same average composition were prepared using the laser additive manufacturing technique. The FGMs had a higher average secondary-phase content and grain size than the HC. Large (black) and reticulated (white) secondary phases corresponding to B4C phase, T phase, and MgZn2 were observed in the as-deposited FGM samples. The content of the secondary phase in the middle layer was generally low. The bottom layer, which was in direct contact with the substrate, exhibited the smallest grain size. The hardness and wear resistance significantly improved owing to the high B4C content in the top layer. The flexural behaviors of each layer of the FGM in different directions were systematically studied. The plasticity of the single-layer material decreased with increase in the B4C content. When the bottom layer had a high B4C content, the flexural ability significantly reduced. Among all the samples, G2 with 8% B4C particle content in the top layer exhibited the best comprehensive mechanical properties. The hardness value, wear rate of the top layer, maximum bending stress, and maximum bending strain of the FGM were 177.5 HV, 0.367 × 10−3mm3/(N·m), 585.6 MPa, and 7.36%, respectively. This study can provide a reference value for the future design and development of wear-resistant gradient materials for aerospace applications.

Three types of 7185+TiB2/TiC aluminum matrix composites with different Zn/Mg ratios were prepared in this work through a water-cooled copper casting process. The effects of Zn/Mg ratio on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 20-mm-thick composites were studied by optical microscopy, electron back scattering diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and tensile mechanical testing. The results showed that the addition of appropriate TiB2/TiC particles refined the as-cast microstructure of the alloy, and with a decrease in Zn/Mg ratio, the grain size distribution became more uniform, the crystalline phase content gradually increased, and the uniformity of the alloy increased. After aging, as the Zn/Mg ratio decreased, the size of the precipitated phase decreased, and the strengthening effect of the alloy improved. The tensile strengths of the surface layer, 1/4 layer, and center position of the A3 alloy were 558, 568, and 572 MPa, respectively. The strength difference among the different thickness layers was the smallest, and the elongation rate was greater than 12%, resulting in the best uniformity.

Numerical models serve as an essential tool to investigate the causes and effects of Arctic sea ice changes. Evaluating the simulation capabilities of the most recent CMIP6 models in sea ice volume flux provides references for model applications and improvements. Meanwhile, reliable long-term simulation results of the ice volume flux contribute to a deeper understanding of the sea ice response to global climate change. In this study, the sea ice volume flux through six Arctic gateways over the past four decades (1979–2014) were estimated in combination of satellite observations of sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea ice motion (SIM) as well as the Pan-Arctic Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS) reanalysis sea ice thickness (SIT) data. The simulation capability of 17 CMIP6 historical models for the volume flux through Fram Strait were quantitatively assessed. Sea ice volume flux simulated from the ensemble mean of 17 CMIP6 models demonstrates better performance than that from the individual model, yet IPSL-CM6A-LR and EC-Earth3-Veg-LR outperform the ensemble mean in the annual volume flux, with Taylor scores of 0.86 and 0.50, respectively. CMIP6 models display relatively robust capability in simulating the seasonal variations of volume flux. Among them, CESM2-WACCM performs the best, with a correlation coefficient of 0.96 and a Taylor score of 0.88. Conversely, NESM3 demonstrates the largest deviation from the observation/reanalysis data, with the lowest Taylor score of 0.16. The variability of sea ice volume flux is primarily influenced by SIM and SIT, followed by SIC. The extreme large sea ice export through Fram Strait is linked to the occurrence of anomalously low air temperatures, which in turn promote increased SIC and SIT in the corresponding region. Moreover, the intensified activity of Arctic cyclones and Arctic dipole anomaly could boost the southward sea ice velocity through Fram Strait, which further enhance the sea ice outflow.

To promote adsorption capacity of biochar as engineering material, pinewood biochar (PC) and bamboo biochar (BC) were prepared by slow pyrolysis (700 °C) and then directly irradiated with UV light at room temperature. The elemental analysis, SEM, FTIR, XPS, and Boehm titration measurements showed that UV irradiation significantly increased the BET surface area, porosity, and surface oxygen functional groups of the biochar. After UV treatment, the BET surface areas of PC and BC were increased by 63.0% and 217%, while the amount of total (acidic) groups increased by 62.0% (155%) and 24.9% (28.2%), respectively. FTIR and XPS measurements suggested that photochemical reactions, including photodegradation and photooxidation processes, may play primary roles in altering biochar the pore structure and surface functional groups of biochar. The Langmuir model capacities (qmax) of modified PC and BC were increased by 94.5% and 50.5% for Pb (II), 18.5% and 13.7% for Cd (II), respectively, compared to their unmodified counterparts. This study examined the effects of UV irradiation on the surface properties of biochar and demonstrate its potential as an effective, simple, and green method for functionalizing biomass material.

Abstract Low-dimensional multiferroics, which simultaneously possess at least two primary ferroic order parameters, hold great promise for post-Moore electronic devices. However, intrinsic one-dimensional (1D) multiferroics with the coexistence of ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism are still yet to be realized, which will be not only crucial for exploring the interplay between low-dimensionality and ferroelectric/ferromagnetic ordering but also significant in rendering application approaches for high density information technologies. Here, we present a theoretical prediction of intrinsic multiferroicity in 1D molybdenum oxytrihalides nanowires, especially focusing on MoOBr3 nanowires which could be readily extracted from experimentally synthesized van der Waals MoOBr3 bulk materials. Due to the spatial inversion symmetry spontaneously broken by Mo atoms’ displacements, MoOBr3 nanowires exhibit 1D ferroelectricity with small coercive electric field and exceptional Curie temperature (~570 K). Additionally, MoOBr3 nanowires also possess 1D antiferroelectric metastable states. On the other hand, both ferroelectric and antiferroelectric MoOBr3 nanowires exhibit ferromagnetic ordering on account of the half-filled Mo-d yz orbitals, a moderate tensile strain (~5%) can greatly boost the spontaneous polarization (~40%) and a mild compress strain (~−2%) may readily switch the magnetic easy axis of ferroelectric MoOBr3 nanowires. Our work holds potential candidates for developing innovative devices that exploit intrinsic multiferroic properties, enabling advancements in novel electronic and spintronic applications.

Coal mining engineering involves complex stress structure time effect issues, which are closely related to the occurrence and prevention of rock burst disasters. Therefore, this study conducts experimental research on the stress structure time effect of impact coal. Coal rock specimens were obtained from three coal mines in Shaanxi, Gansu, and Inner Mongolia. The stress-time effect of loading rate was studied through coal uniaxial compression static-dynamic load and creep tests. The stress-time effect under the condition of coal in situ release was investigated using a long-term segmented test method. Water immersion tests on coal and structural time-effect studies on coal-rock combinations were conducted. The experimental results indicate that there is a positive correlation between the uniaxial compressive strength of coal and the loading rate, and a negative correlation with the duration of in-situ relief and immersion time. The combined mode of coal-rock structure time effect significantly affects its energy and strength properties, while impact coal exhibits both stress and structural time effects. According to the experimental results, a plastic limit structure is proposed to explain the irreversible deformation of coal-rock mass under stress. Furthermore, by constructing a time-dependent model for plastic strain in coal under impact conditions and comparing the numerical approximations of non-elastic strain and irreversible strain, the plastic limit strain characteristics of shock-induced coal were verified.

Abstract Quantum secret sharing is a basic quantum cryptographic primitive, which has a lot of applications in information security and privacy preservation. An efficient multiparty quantum secret sharing protocol (Kuo et al. in EPJ Quantum Technol 10(1):29, 2023) based on a novel structure and single qubits was reported recently. In this paper, we give a cryptanalysis of this protocol and show that it cannot satisfy the security requirement for secret sharing because an unauthorized set of agents can gain access to some information on the dealer’s secret by a special collusion attack. Furthermore, we put forward a way to deal with the security problem.

The paper aims to develop and validate an internet literacy scale for high school students. The study emphasizes the importance of internet literacy, especially for adolescents who need sufficient internet literacy to gain self-development and live their whole lives in this information age. The study has recruited 744 high school students and provided a validated scale consisting of thirty items in eight dimensions: (1) self-management, (2) self-image construction, (3) damage control, (4) information processing, (5) critical thinking, (6) cooperation, (7) consciousness of morality, and (8) consciousness of security. The current developed scale can reflect the latest, abundant meaning of internet literacy. This study fulfills the need to build up a validated, comprehensive internet literacy scale for adolescents such as high school students. The study also suggests potential applications of the scale in the pedagogical context.

This study investigates the individual difference antecedents of students' behavioural intention to use VR-based learning systems, especially from an integrated perspective of Big Five personality traits and perceived physiological vulnerability to IT use (PPVITU). Data collected from 149 respondents are tested against the research model using the partial least squares structural equation method (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that extraversion and neuroticism positively affect perceived usefulness, conscientiousness negatively influences usefulness, and agreeableness and neuroticism have positive effects on perceived enjoyment. Furthermore, this study finds that musculoskeletal discomfort: neck and shoulder back pain (one PPVITU component) positively influences perceived ease of use. The findings of this study provide several important theoretical and practical implications for promoting VR-based learning system use behaviour.

With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) applications, it has become critical for scholars, educators and practitioners to understand an individual's perceived self-efficacy regarding the use of AI technologies/products. Understanding users' subsequent behaviors toward the advancement of AI technology is also critical. Despite the growing focus on AI, a suitable scale for measuring AI self-efficacy (AISE) has yet to be developed. Current scales for measuring AISE (i.e., technology self-efficacy scales) are considered inapplicable because they neglect to evaluate perceptions of specific AI characteristics (e.g., AI-based configuration or anthropomorphic design). Given the limitations of existing self-evaluation and diagnostic instruments, the aim of this research is to investigate the construct of AISE, and develop and validate an AISE scale (AISES) for measuring an individual's perceived self-efficacy in regard to the use of AI technologies/products, in accordance with established exploratory and confirmatory scale development procedures. Specifically, a literature review is employed to generate initial items. An exploratory factor analysis is then performed for item purification purposes. At this stage, potential elements of AISE are extracted. Subsequently, factor extraction and confirmatory factor analysis are used to verify the construct structure of AISE. An analysis of 314 responses indicates that the AISE construct contains four factors: assistance, anthropomorphic interaction, comfort with AI, and technological skills. The scale is comprised of 22 items, and is found to have good fit, reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, content validity, and criterion-related validity. Moreover, nomological validity is built by the positive correlation between the AISE construct and motivated learning behaviors. This paper is the pioneer in developing and validating a scale to measure AISE. The findings extend existing knowledge of AISE and can help scholars further develop AISE theories. Our findings will also help educators and practitioners assess individuals' AISE and explore related behaviors.

Collaborative encirclement of multiple unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) is a focal challenge in the realm of multiagent collaborative tasks, representing a fundamental issue in complex undertakings such as multiagent collaborative search and interception. Although optimization algorithms have yielded rich research outcomes in collaborative encirclement, challenges persist, including poor real-time computational efficiency and weak robustness. Reinforcement learning theory holds considerable promise for addressing multiagent sequential decision problems. This paper delves into the study of the collaborative encirclement of multiple UGVs based on deep reinforcement learning theory, focusing on the following key aspects: establishing a kinematic model for UGVs to describe the collaborative encirclement task, detailing the collaborative encirclement process, developing strategies for target UGV escape, and addressing challenges arising from the increasing number of UGVs, which results in a complex environment and issues such as algorithmic instability, dimension explosion, and poor convergence. This paper introduces a collaborative encirclement algorithm based on the soft actor–critic (SAC) framework. To address issues related to poor collaboration and weak generalization among multiple UGVs, long short-term memory is incorporated into the network structure, serving as a memory function for UGVs. This tactic aids in capturing and using information from historical observation sequences, effectively processing time–series data, making more accurate decisions, promoting mutual collaboration among UGVs, and enhancing system stability. To tackle the issue of increased state space dimensions and low training efficiency during collaborative encirclement, an attention mechanism is introduced to calculate and select attention weights in the state space, focusing attention on key states relevant to the task. This strategy helps constrain state space dimensions, ensuring network stability, achieving stable and efficient collaboration among multiple UGVs, and improving algorithm training efficiency. To address the problem of sparse rewards in collaborative encirclement tasks, a mixed reward function is proposed that divides the reward function into individual and collaborative rewards. Individual rewards guide UGVs toward the target, incentivizing their motion behavior, whereas collaborative rewards motivate a group of UGVs to collectively accomplish the encirclement task. This approach further guides UGVs to obtain more frequent reward signals, ultimately enhancing the algorithm convergence speed. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves faster convergence than SAC, with a 15.1% reduction in encirclement time and a 7.6% improvement in success rate. Finally, the improved algorithm developed in this paper is deployed on a UGV platform, and real-world experiments in typical encirclement scenarios validate its feasibility and effectiveness in embedded systems.

Objective: To investigate the role of RPRD1B in the progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and its potential as a therapeutic target. Methods: This study analyzed RPRD1B expression in DLBCL and normal tissues using public databases and assessed its prognostic impact through survival analysis. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to explore the mechanisms by which RPRD1B influences tumor growth and apoptosis. Results: RPRD1B expression was significantly elevated in DLBCL compared to normal tissues and was associated with poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that RPRD1B promoted lymphoma cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions: RPRD1B plays a critical role in the progression of DLBCL by modulating apoptosis and cellular proliferation. Targeting RPRD1B may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for DLBCL, suggesting its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in hematological malignancies.

Abstract Background The guts of mammals are home to trillions of microbes, forming a complex and dynamic ecosystem. Gut microbiota is an important biological barrier for maintaining immune homeostasis. Recently, the use of antibiotics to clear gut microbiota has gained popularity as a low cost and easy-to-use alternative to germ-free animals. However, the effect of the duration of the antibiotic cocktail on the gut microbiome is unclear, and more importantly, the effect of dramatic changes in the gut microbiota on intestinal tissue morphology and local immune response is rarely reported. Results We observed a significant reduction in fecal microbiota species and abundance after 1 week of exposure to an antibiotic cocktail, gavage twice daily by intragastric administration. In terms of composition, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were replaced by Proteobacteria. Extending antibiotic exposure to 2–3 weeks did not significantly improve the overall efficiency of microbiotal consumption. No significant histomorphological changes were observed in the first 2 weeks of antibiotic cocktail exposure, but the expression of inflammatory mediators in intestinal tissue was increased after 3 weeks of antibiotic cocktail exposure. Mendelian randomization analysis showed that Actinobacteria had a significant causal association with the increase of IL-1β (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.23 to 2.21, P = 0.007) and TNF-α (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.26 to 2.61, P = 0.001). Conclusions Our data suggest that treatment with an antibiotic cocktail lasting 1 week is sufficient to induce a significant reduction in gut microbes. 3 weeks of antibiotic exposure can lead to the colonization of persistant microbiota and cause changes in intestinal tissue and local immune responses,

Background: Pancreatic cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) correlate with PKD2 mutations, which have a different phenotype than PKD1 mutations. However, pancreatic cysts are commonly overlooked by radiologists. Here, we automate the detection of pancreatic cysts on abdominal MRI in ADPKD. Methods: Eight nnU-Net-based segmentation models with 2D or 3D configuration and various loss functions were trained on positive-only or positive-and-negative datasets, comprising axial and coronal T2-weighted MR images from 254 scans on 146 ADPKD patients with pancreatic cysts labeled independently by two radiologists. Model performance was evaluated on test subjects unseen in training, comprising 40 internal, 40 external, and 23 test–retest reproducibility ADPKD patients. Results: Two radiologists agreed on 52% of cysts labeled on training data, and 33%/25% on internal/external test datasets. The 2D model with a loss of combined dice similarity coefficient and cross-entropy trained with the dataset with both positive and negative cases produced an optimal dice score of 0.7 ± 0.5/0.8 ± 0.4 at the voxel level on internal/external validation and was thus used as the best-performing model. In the test–retest, the optimal model showed superior reproducibility (83% agreement between scan A and B) in segmenting pancreatic cysts compared to six expert observers (77% agreement). In the internal/external validation, the optimal model showed high specificity of 94%/100% but limited sensitivity of 20%/24%. Conclusions: Labeling pancreatic cysts on T2 images of the abdomen in patients with ADPKD is challenging, deep learning can help the automated detection of pancreatic cysts, and further image quality improvement is warranted.

Abstract Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) affecting 1 in 3500–5000 live male newborns is the frequently fatal genetic disease resulted from various mutations in DMD gene encoding dystrophin protein. About 70% of DMD-causing mutations are exon deletion leading to frameshift of open reading frame and dystrophin deficiency. To facilitate translating human DMD-targeting CRISPR therapeutics into patients, we herein establish a genetically humanized mouse model of DMD by replacing exon 50 and 51 of mouse Dmd gene with human exon 50 sequence. This humanized mouse model recapitulats patient’s DMD phenotypes of dystrophin deficiency and muscle dysfunction. Furthermore, we target splicing sites in human exon 50 with adenine base editor to induce exon skipping and robustly restored dystrophin expression in heart, tibialis anterior and diaphragm muscles. Importantly, systemic delivery of base editor via adeno-associated virus in the humanized male mouse model improves the muscle function of DMD mice to the similar level of wildtype ones, indicating the therapeutic efficacy of base editing strategy in treating most of DMD types with exon deletion or point mutations via exon-skipping induction.

Abstract Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases. NAFLD leads to liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it also has systemic effects associated with metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and malignant tumors. Therefore, it is important to diagnose NAFLD early to prevent these adverse effects. Methods The GSE89632 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and then the optimal genes were screened from the data cohort using lasso and Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE). The ROC values of the optimal genes for the diagnosis of NAFLD were calculated. The relationship between optimal genes and immune cells was determined using the DECONVOLUTION algorithm CIBERSORT. Finally, the specificity and sensitivity of the diagnostic genes were verified by detecting the expression of the diagnostic genes in blood samples from 320 NAFLD patients and liver samples from 12 mice. Results Through machine learning we identified FOSB, GPAT3, RGCC and RNF43 were the key diagnostic genes for NAFLD, and they were further demonstrated by a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We found that the combined diagnosis of the four genes identified NAFLD samples well from normal samples (AUC = 0.997). FOSB, GPAT3, RGCC and RNF43 were strongly associated with immune cell infiltration. We also experimentally examined the expression of these genes in NAFLD patients and NAFLD mice, and the results showed that these genes are highly specific and sensitive. Conclusions Data from both clinical and animal studies demonstrate the high sensitivity, specificity and safety of FOSB, GPAT3, RGCC and RNF43 for the diagnosis of NAFLD. The relationship between diagnostic key genes and immune cell infiltration may help to understand the development of NAFLD. The study was reviewed and approved by Ethics Committee of Tianjin Second People’s Hospital in 2021 (ChiCTR1900024415).

Abstract The discovery of novel oncotargets for glioma is of immense significance. We here explored the expression patterns, biological functions, and underlying mechanisms associated with ORC6 (origin recognition complex 6) in glioma. Through the bioinformatics analyses, we found a significant increase in ORC6 expression within human glioma tissues, correlating with poorer overall survival, higher tumor grade, and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase status. Additionally, ORC6 overexpression is detected in glioma tissues obtained from locally-treated patients and across various primary/established glioma cells. Further bioinformatics scrutiny revealed that genes co-expressed with ORC6 are enriched in multiple signaling cascades linked to cancer. In primary and immortalized (A172) glioma cells, depleting ORC6 using specific shRNA or Cas9-sgRNA knockout (KO) significantly decreased cell viability and proliferation, disrupted cell cycle progression and mobility, and triggered apoptosis. Conversely, enhancing ORC6 expression via a lentiviral construct augmented malignant behaviors in human glioma cells. ORC6 emerged as a crucial regulator for the expression of key oncogenic genes, including Cyclin A2, Cyclin B2, and DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2A), within glioma cells. Silencing or KO of ORC6 reduced the mRNA and protein levels of these genes, while overexpression of ORC6 increased their expression in primary glioma cells. Bioinformatics analyses further identified RBPJ as a potential transcription factor of ORC6. RBPJ shRNA decreased ORC6 expression in primary glioma cells, while its overexpression increased it. Additionally, significantly enhanced binding between the RBPJ protein and the proposed ORC6 promoter region was detected in glioma tissues and cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated a significant reduction in the growth of patient-derived glioma xenografts in the mouse brain subsequent to ORC6 KO. ORC6 depletion, inhibited proliferation, decreased expression of Cyclin A2/B2/TOP2A, and increased apoptosis were detected within these ORC6 KO intracranial glioma xenografts. Altogether, RBPJ-driven ORC6 overexpression promotes glioma cell growth, underscoring its significance as a promising therapeutic target.

Exploring the impact of elevated CO2 on photosynthesis is vital for understanding plant responses to climate change. In C3 plants, elevated CO2 concentrations generally enhance CO2 assimilation by increasing chloroplast CO2 concentration. However, the underlying mechanisms are complex since photosynthesis involves multiple physiological processes operating at different time scales and varying among plant species. In this review, we focused on the responses of key photosynthetic processes in crop, including CO2 diffusion conductances such as stomatal conductance (gs), mesophyll conductance (gm), photochemical reactions, the Calvin-Benson cycle, and related metabolic pathways. Short-term exposure to elevated CO2 often decreases gs and gm while increasing the electron transport rate. However, long-term exposure to elevated CO2 can decrease photosynthetic capacity due to coordinated downregulation of multiple processes, particularly when the sink‒source ratio declines. To enhance plant productivity under elevated CO2, it is crucial to maintain or enhance sink activity and understand the CO2 response mechanisms at the molecular, physiological, and morphological levels. This review provides an update on the short- and long-term responses of gs, gm, electron transport system, and carbon assimilation metabolism to elevated CO2. Furthermore, it offers a perspective on improving crop production in the future with elevated CO2 levels.

Abstract Background The relationships among left heart remodeling, cardiac function, and cardiovascular events (CEs) in patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) remain unclear. We evaluated the echocardiographic characteristics and clinical outcomes of such patients with diverse left ventricular geometric (LVG) configurations. Methods Overall, 210 patients with HFpEF undergoing MHD (cases) and 60 healthy controls were enrolled. Cases were divided into four subgroups based on LVG and were followed up for three years. The primary outcomes were the first CEs and all-cause mortality. Results Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and right ventricular systolic function did significantly differ between cases and controls, whereas echocardiographic parameters of cardiac structure, diastolic function, and left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) differed significantly. The proportion of cases with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was 67.1%. In addition, 2.38%, 21.90%, 12.86%, and 62.86% of cases presented with normal geometry (NG), concentric remodeling (CR), eccentric hypertrophy (EH), and concentric hypertrophy (CH), respectively. The left atrial diameter (LAD) was the largest and cardiac output index was the lowest in the EH subgroup. The score of Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative Workgroup (ADQI) HF class was worse in the EH subgroup than in other subgroups at baseline. The proportions of cases free of adverse CEs in the EH subgroup at 12, 24, and 36 months were 40.2%, 14.8%, and 0%, respectively, and the survival rates were 85.2%, 29.6%, 3.7%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in other subgroups. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that age, TNI (Troponin I), EH, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), age and EH configuration were independent risk factors for adverse CEs and all-cause mortality in the cases. Conclusion Most patients with HFpEF receiving MHD have LVH and diastolic dysfunction. Among the four LVGs, patients with HFpEF undergoing MHD who exhibited EH had the highest risk of adverse CEs and all-cause mortality.

Abstract Objective Our study aimed to determine whether there exists an association between low-grade systemic inflammation, as measured by serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and the risk of lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT) in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods This observational study was retrospectively conducted on patients with primary ICH who were presented to two tertiary medical centers between January 2021 and August 2022. The primary outcome was detecting LEDVT occurrence within 14 days from the onset of the acute ICH episode. Weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were employed to estimate the association between CRP and LEDVT following 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM). Results Of the 538 patients with primary ICH who met the inclusion criteria, 76 (14.13%) experienced LEDVT. Based on the cut-off levels of CRP measured upon admission from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, patients with primary ICH were categorized into two groups: (i) CRP

ABSTRACT The gut microbiota, a pivotal component of the intestinal mucosal barrier, is critical for host resistance to enteric pathogen infection. Here, we report a novel function of the potentially probiotic Lactococcus garvieae strain LG1 (L. garvieae strain LG1) in maintaining intestinal mucosal barrier integrity and protecting against foodborne Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) infection. L. garvieae was isolated from the intestinal contents of Chinese Mongolian sheep (MS) and exhibited potential probiotic properties. In a C. perfringens enterocolitis model, L. garvieae-pretreated mice were less susceptible to C. perfringens infection compared with Phosphate buffered solution (PBS)-pretreated mice, which manifested as higher survival rates, lower pathogen loads, less weight loss, mild clinical symptoms and intestinal damage, and minor inflammation. Further mechanistic analysis showed that L. garvieae could ameliorate the disruption of intestinal permeability and maintain the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier by promoting the expression of tight junction proteins and mucoproteins. Moreover, L. garvieae was also able to facilitate antimicrobial peptide expression and ameliorate dysbiosis of the gut microbiota caused by C. perfringens. Together, these findings highlight the prospect of immunomodulatory potentially probiotic L. garvieae and might offer valuable strategies for prophylaxis and/or treatment of pathogenic C. perfringens mucosal infection.IMPORTANCEC. perfringens necrotic enteritis leads to losses of about US $2 billion to the poultry industry worldwide every year. Worse, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has estimated that C. perfringens causes nearly 1 million foodborne illnesses in the United States annually. Nowadays, the treatment recommendation is a combination of a broad-spectrum synergistic penicillin with clindamycin or a carbapenem, despite growing scientific concern over antibiotic resistance. The global understanding of the gut microbiome for C. perfringens infection may provide important insights into the intervention. L. garvieae originated from Mongolian sheep intestine, exhibited potentially probiotic properties, and was able to limit C. perfringens enterocolitis and pathogenic colonization. Importantly, we found that L. garvieae limits C. perfringens invasion via improving intestinal mucosal barrier function. Also, L. garvieae alleviates C. perfringens-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. It allowed us to convince that utilization of probiotics to promote protective immunity against pathogens infection is of pivotal importance.

Summary: Background: Early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) poses a significant challenge. The absence of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma contributes to the unfavourable prognosis of NPC patients. Here, we aimed to establish a non-invasive approach for detecting NPC using circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Methods: We investigated the potential of next-generation sequencing (NGS) of peripheral blood cells as a diagnostic tool for NPC. We collected data on genome-wide nucleosome footprint (NF), 5′-end motifs, fragmentation patterns, CNV information, and EBV content from 553 Chinese subjects, including 234 NPC patients and 319 healthy individuals. Through case–control analysis, we developed a diagnostic model for NPC, and validated its detection capability. Findings: Our findings revealed that the frequencies of NF, fragmentation, and motifs were significantly higher in NPC patients compared to healthy controls. We developed an NPC score based on these parameters that accurately distinguished NPC from non-NPC cases according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system from non-NPC (validation set: area under curve (AUC) = 99.9% (95% CI: 99.8%–100%), se: 98.15%, sp: 100%). This model showed superior performance over plasma EBV DNA. Additionally, the NPC score effectively differentiated between NPC patients and healthy controls, even after clinical treatment. Furthermore, the NPC score was found to be independent of potential confounders such as age, sex, or TNM stage. Interpretation: We have developed and verified a non-invasive approach with substantial potential for clinical application in detecting NPC. Funding: A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found in Funding section.

Leaf anatomical traits are susceptible to environmental changes and can reflect plant adaptation strategies to the environment. Populus euphratica plays a key role in maintaining ecosystem processes and functions in arid zones, but the variations in leaf anatomical traits of Populus euphratica and their drivers at large scales remain unclear. Here, we investigated 10 leaf anatomical traits of Populus euphratica from 12 sampling sites in the arid zone of China, and explored how they were affected by geographic, climatic, and soil factors. Our results showed that these traits differed significantly between sites (P < 0.05), which was mainly determined by climate and soil factors that together explained 41.4 % of the trait variation. The impact of climate factors is the most critical, as they can directly influence the variation in leaf anatomical traits and indirectly affect trait variation by influencing soil factors. Among them, the max temperature of the warmest month (BIO5), soil available phosphorus (SAP) and soil moisture content (SM) had the most critical effect. Besides, temperature was the major influencing factor for the ratio of spongy tissue thickness to leaf thickness (SR), palisade tissue thickness (PT), the ratio of palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness (PSR), and the ratio of palisade tissue thickness to leaf thickness (CTR), while soil nutrient was the major influencing factor for leaf thickness (LT), lower epidermis thickness (LET), and spongy tissue thickness (ST). Our results provide important insights into the response of dryland forests to climate change, and suggest that climate warming and declining soil quality may have a stronger effect on Populus euphratica.

Edible plant oils are widely used in cooking, cosmetics, health supplement capsules, and other industries, due to their various health-promoting effects. There is increasing evidence that edible plant oils can modulate gut microbiota during their health-promoting effects in animal experiments and cohort or clinical studies. However, the information concerning the gut microbiota modulation of edible plant oils during their health-promoting effects is scattered. In this article, the research progress on gut microbiota modulation of edible plant oils (especially camellia oil, olive oil, and flaxseed oil) is summarized. Meanwhile, a summary on correlations between modulated gut microbiota and changed biochemical indexes is provided. The alterations of edible plant oils on gut microbiota-derived metabolites and the correlations between altered metabolites and modulated gut microbiota as well as changed biochemical indexes are reviewed. Furthermore, the prospects for gut microbiota modulation of edible plant oils during their health-promoting effects are put forward. Existing literature has shown that edible plant oils could modulate gut microbiota during their health-promoting effects, and some differential gut microbiota biomarkers were gained. Some similarities and differences existed while the oils exhibited health-promoting actions. Dosage and treatment time have influences on gut microbiota modulation of edible plant oils. Different edible plant oils exhibited different behaviors in modulating gut microbiota, and edible plant oils were mostly different in modulating gut microbiota compared to edible animal oils. Moreover, the modulated gut microbiota was significantly correlated with the changed biochemical indexes. Furthermore, edible plant oils altered SCFAs and other gut microbiota-derived metabolites. The altered metabolites were obviously correlated with the modulated gut microbiota and changed biochemical indexes. This review is helpful to the future research and application of edible plant oils in health-promoting effects from the perspective of gut microbiota.

IntroductionThis study investigates the dynamic shifts in soil bacterial communities within a Salix matsudana afforested ecosystem transitioning from agricultural land. Understanding the temporal variability in bacterial diversity and community structures is crucial for informing forest management and conservation strategies, particularly in regions undergoing afforestation.MethodsWe employed high-throughput sequencing across three distinct months (August, September, and October) to analyze the temporal variability in bacterial community composition and diversity. Network analysis was utilized to identify keystone species and assess community stability under varying environmental conditions, including fluctuations in temperature and precipitation.ResultsWe uncover significant temporal variability in bacterial diversity and community structures, which are closely tied to fluctuations in temperature and precipitation. Our findings reveal the abundance of the dominant bacterial phyla, such as Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, which did not change overall, highlighting the stability and resilience of the microbial community across seasonal transitions. Notably, the increasing similarity in community composition from August to October indicates a reduction in species turnover, likely driven by more homogeneous environmental conditions. Through comprehensive network analysis, we identify the pivotal role of keystone species, particularly the human pathogen Nocardia, in maintaining community stability under reduced soil moisture. The observed variations in community connectivity underscore the microbial community’s resilience and adaptability to seasonal shifts, with higher stability in August and October contrasting with the instability observed in September.DiscussionThese results underscore the complex interplay between stochastic and deterministic processes in bacterial community assembly, significantly shaped by prevailing environmental conditions. The insights gained from this research have far-reaching implications for forestry management and conservation strategies, particularly in regions undergoing similar afforestation efforts.

BackgroundPulmonary Artery in situ Thrombosis (PAIST) refers to a thrombus forming within the pulmonary arterial system, distinct from an embolus originating from elsewhere in the body (e.g., the deep veins of the lower extremities) and traveling to the lungs where it lodges and forms.Case presentationWe present a case of PAIST caused by the arterial ductus arteriosus. The patient primarily presented with dyspnea, and the chest pain dichotomy Computed Tomography Angiography(CTA) suggested that a nodular low-density filling defect was seen in the lumen of the left pulmonary artery trunk. Initially, pulmonary embolism (PE) was suspected. However, upon reevaluation of the imaging, it became apparent that the patient's pulmonary artery obstruction was closely associated with the ductus arteriosus. After admission, the patient was treated with sodium ampicillin (2.0 g Q12H) for infection, heparin sodium (5,000 IU Q12H) for anticoagulation, and metoprolol succinate extended-release tablets (23.75 mg QD) to correct cardiac remodeling, among other treatments. Subsequently, the patient underwent a cardiac surgery involving the ligation of the arterial duct, resection of pulmonary artery lesions, and open-heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation support. Postoperative examination of the pulmonary artery mass indicated coagulation tissue. The final diagnosis was “PAIST”.ConclusionBoth PAIST and PE manifest as low-density filling defects in the pulmonary arteries. However, due to the relative unfamiliarity with PAIST, such findings are often initially attributed to PE.

Background: Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been found to be associated with growth and developmental abnormalities in children. However, the potential mechanisms by which exposure to EDCs during pregnancy increases the risk of obesity in children remain unclear. Objective: We aimed to explore associations between prenatal EDC exposure and the body mass index (BMI) of children at age two, and to further explore the potential impact of DNA methylation (DNAm). Method: This study included 285 mother–child pairs from a birth cohort conducted in Wuhan, China. The BMI of each child was assessed at around 24 months of age. The concentrations of sixteen EDCs at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The research utilized general linear models, weighted quantile sum regression, and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression to assess the association between prenatal EDC exposure and childhood BMI z-scores (BMIz). Cord blood DNAm was measured using the Human Methylation EPIC BeadChip array. An epigenome-wide DNAm association study related to BMIz was performed using robust linear models. Mediation analysis was then applied to explore potential mediators of DNAm. Results: Urinary concentrations of seven EDCs were positively associated with BMIz in the 1st trimester, which remained significant in the WQS model. A total of 641 differential DNAm positions were associated with elevated BMIz. Twelve CpG positions (annotated to DUXA, TMEM132C, SEC13, ID4, GRM4, C2CD2, PRAC1&PRAC2, TSPAN6 and DNAH10) mediated the associations between urine BP-3/BPS/MEP/TCS and elevated BMIz (P

Vegetation can reduce the adverse effect of climate change. Under the frequent droughts and global warming, it is critical to clear vegetation dynamics and response to climatic variables. However, it is unclear how drought and climatic variables affect vegetation dynamics. In this study, we used the vegetation condition index (VCI) to examine vegetation dynamics in China between 2001 and 2020. The average annual value of VCI had increased during the period of 2001 to 2020, and 90.63% of the study regions had a rising trend in VCI. A large portion of the area had a 3-month time lag between VCI and temperature and precipitation. The time-lag response of VCI to drought was mainly 9 months, with a cumulative effect on drought of 1 month and 12 months. The VCI of evergreen needleleaf forests (ENF), deciduous needleleaf forests (DNF), deciduous broadleaf forests (DBF), and mixed forests (MF) in northern China displayed long time-lag response to drought. Except for DBF in the north and DNF in the central south regions, the cumulative effect of drought on other forest VCI was great in northern China. Except for DNF, DBF, and MF in the central south and DBF in the southwest regions, drought had less time-lag effects on VCI for ENF, evergreen broadleaf forests (EBF), DNF, and MF in southern China. The cumulative effect of drought on VCI of forests in southern China was short. The responses of various types of the grassland and shrubland to drought were similar as those of forests. However, the time-lag effect of drought on grassland and shrubland VCI was shorter than that of forests, making the grassland and shrubland more vulnerable to the short-term cumulative effects of drought. The result of this study can help us understand how the vegetation responds to climate change and drought under global warming scenarios.

Abstract Interstitial lung disease (ILD) can lead to lung cancer, which brings great challenges to differential diagnosis and comprehensive treatment. However, the clinical features of lung-dominant connective tissue disease (LD-CTD) related ILD combined with lung cancer has not been validated. We report the case of an 80-year-old woman with LD-CTD treated regularly with nintedanib who presented progressive dyspnoea and hypoxemia after recurrent viral infections. Her chest computed tomography (CT) showed aggravated interstitial fibrosis in both lower lungs with moderate right pleural effusion. Clinicians should be alert to lung cancer in patients who are experiencing poor responsiveness to treatment or acute progression of ILD. The available literatures about the differential diagnosis of clinical manifestations, imaging, treatment and prognosis of LD-CTD are reviewed and discussed in this study.

The hydrolysis of MgH2 delivers high hydrogen capacity (15.2 wt%), which is very attractive for real-time hydrogen supply. However, the formation of a surface passivation Mg(OH)2 layer and the large excess of H2O required to ensure complete hydrolysis are two key challenges for the MgH2 hydrolysis systems. Now, a low-cost method is reported to synthesize MgH2@Mg(BH4)2 composite via ball-milling MgH2 with cheap and widely available B2O3 (or B(OH)3). By adding small amounts of B2O3, the in-situ formed Mg(BH4)2 could significantly promote the hydrolysis of MgH2. In particular, the MgH2–10 wt% B2O3 composite releases 1330.7 mL·g−1 H2 (close to 80% theoretical hydrogen generation H2) in H2O and 1520.4 mL·g−1 H2 (about 95%) in 0.5 M MgCl2 in 60 min at 26 °C with hydrolysis rate of 736.9 mL·g−1·min−1 and 960.9 mL·g−1·min−1 H2 during the first minute of the hydrolysis, respectively. In addition, the MgCl2 solution allows repeated use by filtering and exhibits high cycle stability (20 cycles), therefore leading to much reduced capacity loss caused by the excess H2O. We show that by introducing B2O3 and recycling the 0.5 M MgCl2 solution, the system hydrogen capacity can approach 5.9 wt%, providing a promising hydrogen generation scheme to supply hydrogen to the fuel cells.

Abstract With the advancement of sequencing technologies and bioinformatics, over than 170 different RNA modifications have been identified. However, only a few of these modifications can lead to base pair changes, which are called RNA editing. RNA editing is a ubiquitous modification in mammalian transcriptomes and is an important co/posttranscriptional modification that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes. There are two main types of RNA editing events: adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing, catalyzed by ADARs on double-stranded RNA or ADATs on tRNA, and cytosine to uridine (C-to-U) editing catalyzed by APOBECs. This article provides an overview of the structure, function, and applications of RNA editing enzymes. We discuss the structural characteristics of three RNA editing enzyme families and their catalytic mechanisms in RNA editing. We also explain the biological role of RNA editing, particularly in innate immunity, cancer biogenesis, and antiviral activity. Additionally, this article describes RNA editing tools for manipulating RNA to correct disease-causing mutations, as well as the potential applications of RNA editing enzymes in the field of biotechnology and therapy.

In the mammalian heart, cardiomyocytes are forced to withdraw from the cell cycle shortly after birth, limiting the ability of the heart to regenerate and repair. The development of multimodal regulation of cardiac proliferation has verified that pre-existing cardiomyocyte proliferation is an essential driver of cardiac renewal. With the continuous development of genetic lineage tracking technology, it has been revealed that cell cycle activity produces polyploid cardiomyocytes during the embryonic, juvenile, and adult stages of cardiogenesis, but newly formed mononucleated diploid cardiomyocytes also elevated sporadically during myocardial infarction. It implied that adult cardiomyocytes have a weak regenerative capacity under the condition of ischemia injury, which offers hope for the clinical treatment of myocardial infarction. However, the regeneration frequency and source of cardiomyocytes are still low, and the mechanism of regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation remains further explained. It is noteworthy to explore what force triggers endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. Here, we focused on summarizing the recent research progress of emerging endogenous key modulators and crosstalk with other signaling pathways and furnished valuable insights into the internal mechanism of heart regeneration. In addition, myocardial transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, cyclins, and cell cycle-dependent kinases are involved in the multimodal regulation of pre-existing cardiomyocyte proliferation. Ultimately, awakening the myocardial proliferation endogenous modulator and regeneration pathways may be the final battlefield for the regenerative therapy of cardiovascular diseases.

In order to study the pattern of quality changes in selenium-rich rice during storage, selenium-rich rice and non-selenium-rich rice produced in Enshi and Jingzhou of Hubei province were subjected to accelerated aging for 180 days under high temperature storage conditions (35 ℃, and 50% relative humidity) in an artificial climate incubator. The storage characteristics, gelatinization characteristics and edible quality were measured and analyzed every 30 days. The results showed that with increasing storage time, the trends of changes in all tested indicators were consistent between selenium-rich rice and non-selenium-rich rice, but the degree of change was different. On day 180, the germination rate of non-selenium-rich rice was 69.7% and 65.7% for the cultivars Ezhong 6 and Daojingliangyou, the content of fatty acids increased by 40.43% and 59.74% compared with those on day 0, and α-amylase activity was 0.26 and 0.22 U/g, respectively. For these two cultivars, the germination rate of selenium-rich rice was 66.7% and 64.0%, and the content of fatty acids increased by 53.99% and 78.47% compared with those on day 0, and α-amylase activity was 0.24 and 0.19 U/g, respectively. Compared with the control group, selenium-rich rice had lower germination rate, lower α-amylase activity and higher fatty acid value, indicating no obvious advantages in storage quality. On day 180, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was 0.36 and 0.28 μmol/g in ordinary Ezhong 6 and Daojingliangyou rice, the content of free phenols was 341.78 and 371.59 μg/g, and free sulfhydryl group content was 0.67 and 0.64 μmol/g, respectively; for selenium-enriched Ezhong 6 and Daojingliangyou rice, MDA content was 0.31 and 0.24 μmol/g, free phenol content was 368.33 and 399.22 μg/g, and free sulfhydryl group content was 0.89 and 0.74 μmol/g, respectively. Compared with the control group, selenium-rich rice had lower MDA content, and higher contents of free phenols and free sulfhydryl groups, indicating better antioxidant capacity during storage. In terms of gelatinization characteristics, texture characteristics and edible quality, compared with the control group, selenium-rich rice had higher peak viscosity, lower gelatinization temperature, lower hardness, higher viscosity, higher elasticity and higher taste score during the same storage period. In conclusion, selenium-rich rice had better antioxidant capacity and higher taste score during storage at 35 ℃, but did not show anti-aging advantages.

The fishery resources in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) have declined drastically because of overfishing and environmental changes, leading to ecosystem degradation of the YRE, and bringing numerous rare fish species to the brink of extinction. As a new technology with great prospects for popularization and application, environmental DNA (eDNA) technology has been utilized and proven by many studies to have high potential in revealing the various species' biodiversity. In this study, we analyzed the species composition and diversity of the Yangtze River Estuary using a combination of eDNA technology and bottom trawling approaches, and later, the comparison of both methods. The results showed that combining eDNA technology and bottom trawling, 30 fish species from 7 orders and 11 families were identified. Among the 30 fish species, a total of six species of fish could be observed in catches from both methods. Perciformes were the most abundant and Coilia mystus was the dominant species. According to diversity indices, the eDNA technology reveals significant differences in fish community richness and diversity in the Yangtze River Estuary compared to the bottom trawl. In summary, the eDNA technology is feasible for monitoring fishery resources in the waters of the Yangtze River Estuary, thereby serving as a valuable supplementary tool for conducting comprehensive surveys in this region. Moreover, it holds significant implications and promising prospects for conserving the diverse ecosystem of the YRE in future conservation efforts.

Background: Homer protein homolog 3 (HOMER3), a factor implicated in both physiological and pathological processes, has been studied extensively to determine the relationship between its expression level and the prognosis of various malignancies. However, the significance and clinicopathological role of HOMER3 in colorectal adenocarcinoma remain unclear. Methods: In this study, bioinformatics techniques were used to find the correlation between high HOMER3 expression levels and clinicopathological features of colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients. Results: Cellular experiments confirmed the differential expression of HOMER3 in tumor cells compared to normal cells. HOMER3 overexpression was significantly associated with COAD staging and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Patients with high HOMER3 expression levels have a poor prognosis. HOMER3 expression levels can be distinguished more accurately between tumor and non-tumor tissues (AUC = 0.634). The HOMER3 gene variation rate in COAD tissue was 0.7 %. Moreover, 16 of the 22 DNA methylation sites in HOMER3 were associated with COAD prognosis. Our findings confirmed that HOMER3 was positively correlated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints (PD-1, CTLA-4, LMTK3, and LAG3) in COAD, Specifically, we will clearly state that while there is statistical significance, the actual strength of the correlations is weak. During KEGG enrichment analysis, HOMER3 was enriched along with DLG4 and SHANK1 in glutamatergic synapses. Additionally, upstream microRNAs that could bind to HOMER3 were predicted. These findings suggest that HOMER3 might be involved in COAD development and immune regulation. Conclusions: HOMER3 acts as a potential biomarker that can facilitate innovative developments in the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of COAD.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most prevalent herediatry disease in men, characterized by dystrophin deficiency, progressive muscle wasting, cardiac insufficiency, and premature mortality, with no effective therapeutic options. Here, we investigated whether adenine base editing can correct pathological nonsense point mutations leading to premature stop codons in the dystrophin gene. We identified 27 causative nonsense mutations in our DMD patient cohort. Treatment with adenine base editor (ABE) could restore dystrophin expression by direct A-to-G editing of pathological nonsense mutations in cardiomyocytes generated from DMD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. We also generated two humanized mouse models of DMD expressing mutation-bearing exons 23 or 30 of human dystrophin gene. Intramuscular administration of ABE, driven by ubiquitous or muscle-specific promoters could correct these nonsense mutations in vivo, albeit with higher efficiency in exon 30, restoring dystrophin expression in skeletal fibers of humanized DMD mice. Moreover, a single systemic delivery of ABE with human single guide RNA (sgRNA) could induce body-wide dystrophin expression and improve muscle function in rotarod tests of humanized DMD mice. These findings demonstrate that ABE with human sgRNAs can confer therapeutic alleviation of DMD in mice, providing a basis for development of adenine base editing therapies in monogenic diseases.

Abstract The development of stimuli‐responsive circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials is quite attractive but challenging. Here, a pair of atomically precise enantiomers R/S‐Ag20 nanoclusters has been synthesized using chiral acid ligands. And then, stimuli‐responsive CPL materials were developed by assembling the chiral silver nanoclusters with an achiral bridging ligand. The atomically precise silver cluster‐assembled materials produce CPL with a dissymmetry factor (|glum|) of 1 × 10−3, through the high‐efficiency chiral induction process. More interestingly, the single CPL band at room temperature could quickly transform into highly separated dual CPL emissions at low temperature. This study provides a new strategy for the rational functionalization of chiral silver clusters in preparing cluster‐based CPL emitters and enriches the types of stimuli‐responsive CPL materials.

ObjectiveDanhong injection (DHI) is widely used in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). We aimed to systematically review the efficacy and safety of DHI in a randomized controlled experiment on MI.MethodsWe searched the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of DHI for MI published before 2 April 2023 in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrance Library, and Embase databases. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Handbook 5.3 criteria using the RevMan software, and meta-analysis was performed and a forest map was drawn.ResultsA total of 38 trials included 3877 patients, including 2022 cases in the DHI treatment group and 1855 cases in the control group. Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate (RR = 1.18%, 95% CI [1.14–1.12]) during treatment with DHI was higher than that of the control group. The prevalence of cardiac arrhythmia (RR = 0.55%, 95% CI [0.46–0.65]) was lower than that of the control group. The incidence of heart rate failure (RR = 0.45%, 95% CI [0.30–0.70]) was lower than that of the control group. The prevalence of cardiogenic shock (RR = 0.33%, 95% CI [0.11–1.04]) was p > 0.05, and the difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in LVEF between the two groups (MD = 0.00%, 95% CI [0.00–0.00]). CK-MB (MD = −0.81%, 95% CI [−0.92∼ −0.69]) was lower than the control group. hs-CRP (MD = −1.09, 95% CI [−1.22∼ −0.97]) was lower than the control group. The incidence of adverse reactions (RR = 0.37, The 95% CI [0.17–0.82]) was lower than that in the control group.ConclusionBasing on our study, the use of DHI in the treatment of myocardial infarction patients is effective, can improve cardiac function, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and improve the overall quality of life.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023390973.

In this study, six bimetallic rare earth (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu) cobalt nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (RECo-NCNTs) were synthesized with g-C3N4 derivative method. These RECo-NCNTs were characterized by SEM, BET, XPS, XRD and Raman. In addition, their catalytic performances for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) had also been tested. The introduction of rare earths did not destroy the structure of nanotubes but apparently change their ORR performances. The PrCo-NCNTs showed the significant improvement in catalytic ability for ORR (onset potential of 0.95 V and half-wave potential of 0.79 V), which is very close to that of commercial 20 % Pt/C. Moreover, PrCo-NCNTs exhibits an excellent catalytic stability (no activity decay after 10000st cycles) and an outstanding methanol toxic tolerance. Assembled in metal–air batteries (Zn-air, Al-air and Mg-air), the PrCo-NCNTs electrode also presents high power densities and discharge voltages.