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To investigate the clinical experience and application value of endoscopic resection of lesions in and around the third ventricle using a transcortical expanded transforaminal transvenous transchoroidal approach with an endoport.Clinical data and follow-up results of seven patients who underwent the removal of lesions in the third ventricle and its adjacent area with an endoport-guided endoscopic system from January 2018 to December 2020 in the Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, were analyzed retrospectively. Two other patients from the Affiliated Pediatric Hospital of Fudan University and the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, respectively, were included in the analysis.A total of nine cases of third ventricle tumors were included in the study, including six women and three men, with an average age of 37.8 years (4-84 years old) and a follow-up time of 6-44 months. These nine tumor cases included two pilocytic astrocytomas, one diffuse midline glioma (H3 K27-altered), two craniopharyngiomas, two choroid plexus (CP) papillomas, one germinoma, and one pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation. Total resection was completed in eight cases, with one near-total resection. There were no complications related to the surgical approach, such as epilepsy, aphasia, or hemiplegia.The endoscope transcortical expanded transforaminal transvenous transchoroidal approach using an endoport can safely and effectively remove third ventricle lesions. This approach can reach a wide area, from the anterior to the posterior third ventricle.

Objective: Lower-grade glioma (LGG) arises from glial or precursor cells including the world health organization (WHO) grade glioma, which has a favorable prognosis compared with glioblastomas. However, LGG progression is inevitable due to drug resistance and tumor invasiveness. The inflammatory response has been a well-established hallmark associated with tumor occurrence and recurrence. It is necessary to explore the heterogeneity of the inflammatory response in LGG.Methods: The differential and prognostic inflammatory response-related genes(IRRG) of the cancer genome atlas(TCGA) database were used to perform consensus clustering to identify robust clusters. The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas(CGGA) database was used to validate this inflammation subtype. The clinical characteristics, immune infiltration, metabolism, and somatic variation of each cluster were assessed. A risk score associated with inflammation was constructed.Results: We successfully observed and validated three distinct inflammatory subtypes in LGG. It is noteworthy that the B subtype has a shorter overall survival than the A and C subtypes. The B subtype had higher immune, stromal, and ESTIMATE scores than the A and C subtypes but lower tumor purity than the A and C subtypes. In addition, immune, stromal, and ESTIMATE scores of the A subtype were higher than the hose of the C subtype, while tumor purity was lower than that of the C subtype. Three inflammation subtypes correlated with diverse metabolic characteristics, drug sensitivity, and somatic alterations. Furthermore, we developed and validated an inflammatory signature with better performance of prognosis prediction.Conclusion: This study identified a new classification of LGG according to inflammatory gene profiling and emphasized inflammatory heterogeneity within LGG.

The nature of the performance effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has long been debated, yet gaps in the literature remain. In this study, we demonstrated that does it “pay to be good” in the supply chain. Specifically, we explored whether a firm's CSR activities impact value added in the supply chain. Building on theoretical foundations of the O-ring theory of economic development, we developed a production function describing processes subject to mistakes made by any of several suppliers in production networks and the potential impact CSR could have on value-added creation. Our results provide evidence for a positive significant relationship between value-added in the supply chain and the disclosure of CSR reports, implying that the net effect of CSR disclosure is, on average, value-added enhancing rather than value-added destroying for the supply chain in our sample. Notably, we verified that these results are not only driven by increases in CSR disclosure and related improvements in firm performance but also create spillover effects in the supply chain. Thus, by integrating CSR into their bottom line, companies can practice sustainability initiatives and add value throughout their supply chain.