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The era of modern portfolio theory began with the revolutionary approach by Harry Markowitz in 1952. However, several drawbacks of the model have rendered it impractical to be used in reality. Thus, various modifications have been done to refine the classical model, including concerns about risk measures, trading practices and computational efficiency. On the other hand, Islamic finance is proven to be a viable alternative to the conventional system following its outstanding performance during the financial crisis in 2008. This emerging sector has gained a lot of attention from investors and economists due to its significantly increasing impact on today's economy, corresponding to globalization and a demand for a sustainable investment strategy. A comprehensive literature review of the notable conventional and Islamic models is done to aid future research and development of portfolio optimization, particularly for Islamic investment. Additionally, the study provides a concisely detailed overview of the principles of Islamic finance to prepare for the future development of an Islamic finance model. Generally, this study outlines the comprehensive features of portfolio optimization models over the decades, with an attempt to classify and categorize the advantages and drawbacks of the existing models. The trend of portfolio optimization modelling can be captured by gathering and recording the problems and solutions of the reviewed models.

Introduction: The patronage of online pharmacies is rapidly growing, driven by the convenience and cheaper costs of purchasing prescription drugs electronically, especially under the lockdown situation. However, there are issues regarding the quality of the prescription drugs sold online and the legitimacy of online pharmacies. The use of prescription drugs without the supervision of a licensed health care practitioner may potentially harm consumers. Objectives: This systematic review was conducted to improve the body of knowledge on three main aspects of online pharmacies: (1) type and characteristics of the online pharmacies selling drugs; (2) the quality of pharmaceutical drugs purchased online; and (3) the characteristics of consumers of online pharmacies. Methods: Based on a pre-defined search strategy, PubMed and Scopus were utilised to search articles written in the English language published between January 2009 and February 2020. Studies focusing on the sale of prescription drugs were included. The terms used for the literature search were “online pharmacy”, “internet pharmacy”, “e-pharmacy”, “prescription”, “quality”, “medication safety”, and “counterfeit medicine”. These terms were used alone and in combination with Boolean operators. The institutional webpages including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) were also examined for any additional studies. No methodological limitations in terms of study design were applied. A standardised data collection form was used to compile the data. Results: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 46 articles were eligible and included in the final analysis. There were 27 articles on types and characteristic of online pharmacies, 13 articles on the quality of prescription drugs sold from online pharmacies, and 11 articles on consumers purchasing prescription drugs from online pharmacies. Readers should note that five articles discussed both the types and characteristics of online pharmacies, and the quality of the drugs sold from the outlets. The response rate (products received out of the number of orders) ranged from 20% to 100%, whereas the proportion of consumers buying prescription drugs online ranged from 2.3% to 13%. Reasons for online purchase of prescription drugs include the difficulty of obtaining a prescription for certain medications such as opioid analgesics, cheaper cost, since the costs associated with seeing a physician to obtain a prescription are reduced, and the need to obtain drugs such as opioid analgesics and benzodiazepine for misuse. Conclusions: Almost half of the online pharmacies are not properly regulated and fraudulent issues were uncovered. To address this issue, stricter regulation by World Health Organization and implementation should be carried out together with frequent monitoring of the licensure system and pharmacy verification on every online pharmacy, this would reduce the number of illegal or illegitimate online pharmacy.

Coronavirus 2019, more commonly known as COVID-19, was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. The ß coronavirus culpable for the disease, SARS CoV-2, is known to be highly contagious with a relatively long incubation period of up to 14 days and is transmittable through small droplets, especially among people who are in close face-toface contact. The Ministry of Health of Malaysia has recommended five days of quarantine for people who are positive for COVID-19 to avoid further disease transmission. Many resources are used to monitor patients throughout the quarantine period. Therefore, this project would like to present an IoT-enabled wearable device capable of monitoring COVID-19 quarantine patients by utilizing sensors to monitor the necessary health parameters and facilitate home quarantine. The low-cost ESP32 and Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense microcontrollers are used in this device. They are connected to various IoT sensors to collect temperature, humidity, and sound data. The data obtained will then be uploaded to an IoT platform for doctors to analyze and monitor remotely via the health log throughout the 5-day quarantine period. An alert system is also devised to inform the medical staff if the patient is experiencing abnormal symptoms. The medical staff can then bring their attention to the patient and take the necessary actions to combat COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the robotic arms are set up for operation by the teach-and-repeat (T&R) technique, also known as coordinate-based control, using pre-recorded coordination values to generate robotic arm trajectories. This technique is inefficient because it requires teaching a robotic arm every single coordinate point to complete an operation. It is a manual, tedious and time-consuming task. Moreover, this task needs to be repeated if there are slight changes in the operation. This paper studied the visual servoing approach to replace the T&R technique in assembling different interlocking building cubes (IBC) combinations. The proposed method uses an image-based visual servo (IBVS) with a dynamic look-and-move system, and the eye-to-hand system, which requires computing the incremental joint angles of the robotic arm, a novel kinematic formula with a combination of Trigonometry formulas has been proposed in this paper. The experimental results show the feasibility of using a visual servoing approach to complete the assembly tasks without relying on the T&R technique and achieved an average success rate of 90% and an average of 40.2 seconds for task duration. Thus, this eliminates the tedious and time-consuming tasks of teaching the coordinate points to the robotic arms. Further improvement on the servo motor, camera and computer processor can be done to increase the accuracy, computation time and task duration in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]