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ABSTRACT: Paper and plastic bags have been mainly used in fruit bagging of pineapple production. However, they are often discarded as agricultural wastes after harvest of pineapple fruit and threaten environment. In this study, effects of white non-woven fabric bag, expandable polyethylene bag, black plastic bag and kraft paper bag on fruit quality of pineapple cv. ‘MD-2’ were investigated. Results showed that fruits with fruit bagging showed no sunburn. When expandable polyethylene bag was used, fruits of pineapple cv. ‘MD-2’ showed better external qualities, nutrition qualities and texture properties. Expandable polyethylene bag made of degradable and recyclable materials could be recommended as a promising practice to reduce agricultural waste in pineapple production.

Background and purpose: In 2016 the National Cancer Institute (NCI) decided stopping to use NCI-60 cell lines for drug screening, suggesting that tumor cell lines were losing their value as a tool for drug discovery and basic research. The reason for NCI-60 cells 'retirement' was that the preclinical studies based on traditional cellular and animal models did not obtain the corresponding expected efficacy in clinical trials. Since the major cancer behaviors, such as proliferation and metastasis, are fundamentally altered with long-term culture, the tumor cell lines are not representative of the characteristics of cancer in patients. Currently, scientists hope to create a new cancer model that are derived from fresh patient samples and tagged with details about their clinical past. Our purpose was to create patient-derived breast cancer primary cell lines as new cancer model for drug screening and basic research. Methods: Breast cancer tissues were collected in the Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. The collection of tumor tissue samples was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University (approval number: 2022 ethics No. 313), and the collection and use of tumor tissues complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. The primary breast cancer cell lines were isolated from the patient's breast cancer tissues and cultured in BCMI medium. After the cells proliferated, the media were replaced with DEME medium. Cell line STR genotyping was done to determine cell-specific genetic markers and identification. Clone formation assay and transplantation assay were done to analyze the ability of breast cancer primary cell lines to form tumors. Results: We created 6 primary breast cancer cell lines. The 6 primary breast cancer cell lines from the patients were tagged with the definitively clinicopathological features, clinical diagnosis, therapeutic regimens, clinical effectiveness and prognostic outcomes. The STR genotyping assays identified the genetic markers and determined the identities of the 6 primary breast cancer cell lines. Clone formation assays and transplantation assay showed that the proliferative capacities of the patient-derived primary breast cancer cell lines were significantly greater compared with the conventional breast cancer cell lines. Conclusion: We created a panel of 6 patient-derived primary breast cancer cell lines as new cancer model for drug screening and basic research in breast cancer.

2D functional porous frameworks offer a platform for studying the structure–activity relationships during electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Yet challenges still exist to breakthrough key limitations on site configuration (typical M−O4 or M−N4 units) and product selectivity (common CO2‐to‐CO conversion). Herein, a novel 2D metal–organic framework (MOF) with planar asymmetric N/O mixed coordinated Cu−N1O3 unit is constructed, labeled as BIT‐119. When applied to CO2RR, BIT‐119 could reach a CO2‐to‐C2 conversion with C2 partial current density ranging from 36.9 to 165.0 mA cm−2 in flow cell. Compared to the typical symmetric Cu−O4 units, asymmetric Cu−N1O3 units lead to the re‐distribution of local electron structure, regulating the adsorption strength of several key adsorbates and the following catalytic selectivity. From experimental and theoretical analyses, Cu−N1O3 sites could simultaneously couple the atop‐type (on Cu site) and bridge‐type (on Cu−N site) adsorption of *C1 species to reach the CO2‐to‐C2 conversion. This work broadens the feasible C−C coupling mechanism on 2D functional porous frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic CO2 to multi‐carbon products is an attractive strategy to achieve a carbon‐neutral energy cycle. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) that achieve the C2 selectivity always have low metal loading and inevitably undergo in situ reversible/irreversible metallic agglomerations under working conditions. Herein, a high‐density Cu SA anchored F, O, N co‐doped carbon composites (CuFONC) with a stable CuN2O1 configuration is provided, which can reach a remarkable C2 selectivity of ≈80.5% in Faradaic efficiency at −1.3 V versus RHE. In situ/ex situ experimental characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations verified that the excellent stability of CuN2O1 during the CO2RR process can be attributed to F/O co‐derived regulation for CuFONC. Remarkably, as confirmed by DFT, it is atomic Cu sites and the adjacent bonded N motifs in CuFONC that act as the adsorption sites for CO* during the C─C coupling process. This work brings a prospective on designing novel but stable atomic Cu coordination for electrolytic CO2‐to‐C2 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the global climate change and energy crisis, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (ECR) is regarded as one of the potential ways to simultaneously reach the CO2 conversion and obtain various value‐added products. Currently, several challenges remain for the in‐depth understanding of ECR from fundamentals, including ambiguous structure‐activity relationships, uncontrollable catalytic selectivity, and complex reaction mechanisms. Compared to traditional metal nanoparticle‐based materials, atomically dispersed catalysts (ADCs) have aroused significant interest owing to their maximal atomic utilization and simplified site configuration, offering a superior platform for discussing the structure‐activity relationships during ECR. Especially, adjacent metal atomic pairs (AAPs) within ADCs are gradually emphasized as a novel concept to follow various synergistic reaction mechanisms during ECR. Herein, for the first time a broad concept of AAPs and analyzed how AAPs within ADCs reached the synergistic effect during ECR is summarized. In view of the synergistic reaction mechanisms varying on different supports, three types of supports are illustrated (containing graphene model, functional porous frameworks, and metals and oxides), aiming to help scholars with more insights in broadening the feasible synergistic reaction mechanisms on AAPs within ADCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single atomic catalysts (SACs) offer a superior platform for studying the structure–activity relationships during electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Yet challenges still exist to obtain well‐defined and novel site configuration owing to the uncertainty of functional framework‐derived SACs through calcination. Herein, a novel Bi−N2O2 site supported on the (1 1 0) plane of hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) is reported directly for CO2RR. In flow cell, the target catalyst Bi1‐HOF maintains a faradaic efficiency (FE) HCOOH of over 90 % at a wide potential window of 1.4 V. The corresponding partial current density ranges from 113.3 to 747.0 mA cm−2. And, Bi1‐HOF exhibits a long‐term stability of over 30 h under a successive potential‐step test with a current density of 100–400 mA cm−2. Density function theory (DFT) calculations illustrate that the novel Bi−N2O2 site supported on the (1 1 0) plane of HOF effectively induces the oriented electron transfer from Bi center to CO2 molecule, reaching an enhanced CO2 activation and reduction. Besides, this study offers a versatile method to reach series of M−N2O2 sites with regulable metal centers via the same intercalation mechanism, broadening the platform for studying the structure–activity relationships during CO2RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical CO2 (eCO2)‐to‐multicarbon conversion with higher value is regarded as a potential way to promote the transformation of industrial production and the green balance of carbon cycle. Recently, a series of advances have been achieved in the progress of eCO2‐to‐multicarbon conversion, including the in‐depth exploration of coupling mechanisms, the up‐to‐date development of characterization techniques, and the novel interdisciplinary design strategies of catalysts and electrolytic systems. Therefore, it is essential to systematically overview the eCO2‐to‐multicarbon conversion from fundamentals to industrialization, compensating for the limited and insufficient reviews that have been reported. To fill the aforementioned research gap, this overview is focused on the eCO2‐to‐multicarbon conversion from fundamentals to industrialization. First, the possible catalytic mechanisms for eCO2‐to‐multicarbon conversion are accordingly summarized in the order of eCO2 reduction, small molecule‐coupled eCO2 reduction, and eCO2 tandem conversion. Second, the up‐to‐date in situ characterization technologies assisting the rationalization of coupling mechanisms are presented. Third, the optimizing strategies of catalysts and electrolytic systems are briefly classified for the advance of industrialization process. Finally, challenges and perspectives for the further development of eCO2‐to‐multicarbon conversion are reasonably proposed, aiming to offer insights for the following work in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been regarded as an effective means to transform hydrogen energy into electric energy, which is featured with high energy density, excellent conversion efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Carbon nanomaterials are the most widely used supports for the state-of-the-art Pt-based PEMFC cathode catalysts. Nonetheless, the corrosion of carbon supports under high potential environment would inevitably lead to the dissolution/ripening of Pt, resulting in the severe degradation of their PEMFC performance. Carbon-free materials, such as transition metal oxides/nitrides/sulfides/carbides (TMOs, TMNs, TMSs, and TMCs), can effectively prevent this issue with their excellent intrinsic stability and tuned metal–support interactions (MSI). Recently, numerous researches have been focused on the design and preparation of carbon-free PEMFC cathode catalysts. Meanwhile, MSI effect, including d-band center, migration energy barrier, defect sites, coordination environment, and electron transfer ability, have also been considered to improve the PEMFCs performance. In this review, the MSI effect of carbon-free PEMFC cathode materials and their common adjustment strategies are systematically summarized. Then, details about the pristine and modified carbon-free PEMFC catalysts and their specific structure–activity relationships induced by MSI effect are further illustrated in the order of TMOs, TMCs, TMNs, and TMSs. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of carbon-free PEMFC cathode catalysts are further proposed to provide insights into future researches in this PEMFC field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]