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Summary Biomolecular condensation involves the concentration of biomolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins) into compartments to form membraneless organelles or condensates with unique properties and functions. This ubiquitous phenomenon has garnered considerable attention in recent years owing to its multifaceted roles in developmental processes and responses to environmental cues in living systems. Recent studies have revealed that biomolecular condensation plays essential roles in regulating the transition of plants from vegetative to reproductive growth, a programmed process known as floral transition that determines flowering time and inflorescence architecture in flowering plants. In this Tansley insight, we review advances in how biomolecular condensation integrates developmental and environmental signals to program and reprogram the floral transition thus diversifies flowering time and inflorescence architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic technology, which is regarded as a green route to transform solar energy into chemical fuels, plays an important role in the fields of energy and environmental protection. An emerging S-scheme heterojunction with the tightly coupled interface, whose photocatalytic efficiency exceeds those of conventional type II and Z-scheme photocatalysts, has received much attention due to its rapid charge carrier separation and strong redox capacity. This review provides a systematic description of S-scheme heterojunction in the photocatalysis, including its development, reaction mechanisms, preparation, and characterization methods. In addition, S-scheme photocatalysts for CO2 reduction are described in detail by categorizing them as 0D/1D, 0D/2D, 0D/3D, 2D/2D, and 2D/3D. Finally, some defects of S-scheme heterojunctions are pointed out, and the future development of S-scheme heterojunctions is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two dimensional (2D) CuTCPP/B–TiO2 composites were successfully synthesized by addition of B–TiO2NPs into the system for preparation of 2D CuTCPP nanosheets under hydrothermal condition. 2D CuTCPP nanosheets with large specific surface area can not only act as supportor to decrease the aggregation of B–TiO2 and improve the adsorption capacity of methylene blue (MB) but also provide more transfer pathway to effectively facilitate interfacial charge transfer and separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, thus leading to a superior efficiency for photodegradation of MB. The photocatalytic degradation rate constant of 2D CuTCPP/B–TiO2 composites is 0.0486 min−1, which is about 15.2, 5.92 and 4.23 times that of P25 (k = 0.0032 min−1), 2D CuTCPP nanosheets ((k = 0.0082 min−1) and B–TiO2NPs (k = 0.0115 min−1). This study demonstrates that the combination of B–TiO2NPs and 2D CuTCPP is a viable strategy to improve the photocatalytic efficiency for degradation of MB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: RNA editing in plant organelles involves numerous C‐U conversions, which often restore evolutionarily conserved codons and may generate new translation initiation and termination codons. These RNA maturation events rely on a subset of nuclear‐encoded protein cofactors. Here, we provide evidence of the role of SlRIP1b on RNA editing of mitochondrial transcripts in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants.SlRIP1b is a RIP/MORF protein that was originally identified as an interacting partner of the organellar editing factor SlORRM4. Mutants of SlRIP1b, obtained by CRISPR/Cas9 strategy, exhibited abnormal carpel development and grew into fruit with more locules.RNA‐sequencing revealed that SlRIP1b affects the C‐U editing of numerous mitochondrial pre‐RNA transcripts and in particular altered RNA editing of various cytochrome c maturation (CCM)‐related genes. The slrip1b mutants display increased H2O2 and aberrant mitochondrial morphologies, which are associated with defects in cytochrome c biosynthesis and assembly of respiratory complex III.Taken together, our results indicate that SlRIP1b is a global editing factor that plays a key role in CCM and oxidative phosphorylation system biogenesis during fruit development in tomato plants. These data provide important insights into the molecular roles of organellar RNA editing factors during fruit development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants and microbial pathogens often engage in a fierce war that determines their survival. Host plants have evolved sophisticated regulatory mechanisms to fine-tune defense responses to counter attacks from pathogens, while pathogens often hijack the lipid-derived phytohormone jasmonate to cause hormonal signaling imbalances for efficient infection. This review focuses on the jasmonate-based warfare between host plants and pathogenic intruders, and further discusses approaches to uncouple plant growth and defense tradeoffs in crop breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porphyrinic covalent organic frameworks (COFs, specifically DhaTph) in the absence or presence of Cu2+ in porphyrin centers, were synthesized by a Schiff base condensation reaction of 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)‐porphyrin (Tph) and 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde (Dha). Using 2,4,6‐trimethylbenzaldehyde (TBA) as a competition reagent, the hollow DhaTph Tubes and DhaTph‐Cu Tubes were obtained under solvothermal conditions. A detailed mechanism of formation of the tubular microstructure revealed the time‐dependent transformation into the tube via migration of the unstable central part of the initial solid rod. The DhaTph‐Cu Tubes possessed a high photoreduction efficiency of CO2 and the rate constants of CO and methane production are 15.9 and 13.7 μmol g−1 h−1 in the absence of any cocatalysts, which is about 3 and 7.6 times of DhaTph COF, respectively. The high effective photocatalytic reduction of CO2 activity of DhaTph‐Cu Tubes is attributed to the high specific surface area, strong absorption of visible light, and the fast separation and transferability of electrons and holes. This work not only provides in‐depth insights into the formation mechanism of the tubular COF but also reveals the relation between the morphology and the photocatalytic property based on COFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to substitute expensive and scarce noble metals with cheap and readily accessible nanomaterials represents an important endeavor toward water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, an alternative green fuel. Herein, we report on the crafting of heterostructured electrocatalysts that integrate semiconducting two-dimensional (2D) bimetallic metal–organic framework nanoplatelets (i.e., MOF-Fe/Co, where Fe/Co = 1/2) and ferroelectric nanoparticles (NPs) with high dielectric constant (κ ∼ 270 for BaTiO3 NPs) for high-efficiency oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The OER activity of the BaTiO3@MOF-Fe/Co heterostructures was tested under a basic condition (1.0 M KOH), demonstrating an overpotential of 247 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a Tafel slope of 38.4 mV dec−1, and a double-layer capacitance (Cdl) of 85.6 mF cm−2, which outperformed the neat MOF-Fe/Co (i.e., 281 mV, 72.1 mV dec−1, and 37.3 mF cm−2, respectively). The density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that the effective electronic modulation between tetragonal BaTiO3 NP and MOF-Fe/Co nanoplatelets induced an apparent reduction in the free energy barrier for the transformation from O* to OOH* and desorption of O2. More importantly, both experimental and DFT results corroborated that the self-polarizing ferroelectric BaTiO3 NPs with a high dielectric constant generated a favorable local electric field and enhanced the charge conductivity of the MOF-Fe/Co moieties in the heterostructure, leading to a superior OER catalytic activity. This work not only presents a simple yet robust route to creating heterojunctioned nanostructures for highly efficient OER, but also provides a unique platform for designing superior, noble metal-free OER electrocatalysts via judiciously incorporating ferroelectric, high-κ nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amphiphilic graft copolymers exhibit fascinating self‐assembly behaviors. Their molecular architectures significantly affect the morphology and functionality of the self‐assemblies. Considering the potential application of amphiphilic graft copolymers in the fabrication of nanocarriers, it is essential to synthesize well‐defined graft copolymers with desired functional groups. Herein, the Passerini reaction and molecular recognition are introduced to the synthesis of functional thermoresponsive graft copolymers. A bifunctional monomer 2‐((adamantan‐1‐yl)amino)‐1‐(4‐((2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropanoyl)oxy)phenyl)‐2‐oxoethyl methacrylate (ABMA) with a bromo group for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and an adamantyl group for molecular recognition is synthesized through the Passerini reaction. The graft copolymers are prepared by reversible addition‐fragmentation transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of ABMA and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) followed by RAFT end group removal and ATRP of di(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMA) initiated by the ABMA units. The graft copolymer P(OEGMA‐co‐ABMA)‐g‐PDEGMA can be functionalized with β‐cyclodextrin modified peptides, affording a thermoresponsive biohybrid graft copolymer. At a temperature above its lower critical solution temperature, the biohybrid graft copolymer self‐assembles into peptide‐modified polymersomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porphyrinic covalent organic frameworks (COFs, specifically DhaTph) in the absence or presence of Cu2+ in porphyrin centers, were synthesized by a Schiff base condensation reaction of 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)‐porphyrin (Tph) and 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde (Dha). Using 2,4,6‐trimethylbenzaldehyde (TBA) as a competition reagent, the hollow DhaTph Tubes and DhaTph‐Cu Tubes were obtained under solvothermal conditions. A detailed mechanism of formation of the tubular microstructure revealed the time‐dependent transformation into the tube via migration of the unstable central part of the initial solid rod. The DhaTph‐Cu Tubes possessed a high photoreduction efficiency of CO2 and the rate constants of CO and methane production are 15.9 and 13.7 μmol g−1 h−1 in the absence of any cocatalysts, which is about 3 and 7.6 times of DhaTph COF, respectively. The high effective photocatalytic reduction of CO2 activity of DhaTph‐Cu Tubes is attributed to the high specific surface area, strong absorption of visible light, and the fast separation and transferability of electrons and holes. This work not only provides in‐depth insights into the formation mechanism of the tubular COF but also reveals the relation between the morphology and the photocatalytic property based on COFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarcosine plays a key role in screening for early prostate cancer. However, the several already reported peroxidase mimics immobilized with sarcosine oxidase (SOX) utilized to detect uriary sarcosine still have some limitations such as complex synthesis process, using of expensive heavy metals to mimic enzyme activity and long color development time. Herein, an inexpensive peroxidase-like 2D Fe/Co-MOF nanosheet was prepared by a simple solvent modulation method. The resultant 2D Fe/Co-MOF nanosheets have strong peroxidase activity, with its Vmax value for H 2 O 2 of 15.3 × 10 -8 M/s, being 1.76 times that of HRP. Then, using the 2D Fe/Co-MOF as a peroxidase model for anchoring natural SOX to construct 2D Fe/Co-MOF/SOX , which can act as a cascade reactor for detection of sarcosine. Considering the above properties, a platform for the detection of sarcosine was built based on a colorimetric method. Because of presence of the high ratio of Fe 2+ caused by the electron transfer from Co 2+ to Fe 3+ , large specific surface area and plentiful active sites, 2D Fe/Co-MOF/SOX with TMB (3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine) colorimetric reagent could have fast color development and can be applied conveniently and fastly in an early screening tool for prostate cancer patients. The sarcosine could be quantified by peroxidase activity with a detection range of 1-400 μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.324 μM. More importantly, the average sarcosine concentration of 21.367 μM and 1.871 μM was detected in patient's and normal urine (n = 5), respectively, which showed an excellent screening effect and a great potential in early prostate cancer., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Recently, layered double hydroxides (LDH) have shown great potential in photoreduction of CO 2 owing to its flexible structural adjustability. In this study, the mild acidic property of tannic acid (TA) is exploited to etch the bimetal LDH to create abundant vacancies to gain the coordination unsaturated active centers. Based on the different chelating abilities of TA to various metal ions, the active metals are remained by selective chelation while the inert metals are removed during the etching process of bimetal LDH. Furthermore, selective chelating with metal ions not only increases the percentage of highly active metals but also compensates for the structural damage caused by the etch, which achieves a scalpel-like selective construction of vacancies. The NiAl-LDH etched and functionalized by TA for 3 h exhibits superior photo-reduction of CO 2 performance without co-catalysts and photo-sensitizers, which is 14 times that of the pristine NiAl-LDH. The fact that many bimetal LDHs can be functionalized by TA and exhibit significantly improved photocatalytic efficiency is confirmed, suggesting this strategy is generalized to functionalize double- or multi-metal LDH. The method provided in this work opens the door for polyphenol-functionalized LDHs to enhance their ability for light-driven chemical transformations., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)