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Pseudocereals consist of buckwheat, quinoa and amaranth. Due to their gluten-free nature, they are very important food sources for people suffering from celiac disease or gluten sensitivity. It is reported that the consumption of pseudocereals is limited by antinutritional compounds which have some risks for food safety. Pseudocereals contain some antinutritional compounds, such as saponin, tannin, nitrate, oxalate, lectin, protease inhibitors and phytic acid. It is indicated that antinutritional compounds decrease the nutritional value by preventing the digestibility of food and the absorption of nutrients. Pseudocereals must be processed with appropriate technic in order to reduce or suppress unsafe metabolic pathways. It is recommended that the chemical structure of seeds, their distribution in the seed, biological effects, heat sensitivity, water solubility and processing cost of antinutritional compounds should be known while choosing the reducing method. These processing technics are hull/husk separating, mechanical abrasion, washing with water, steeping, boiling, roasting, extrusion, germination, fermentation, high hydrostatic pressure and genetic methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hulled buckwheat cultivars (Aktaş cv. and Güneş cv.) were wet-milled, and then some chemical, yields, colour, functional properties, phenolic compound, antioxidant activity, and pasting, thermal and retrogradation properties of starches were investigated and compared with the wholegrain buckwheat flour (with hull) and buckwheat groat flour (without hull) of the same cultivars. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of flours and protein fractions were examined under reducing and non-reducing conditions. The hull, germ+dietary fibre, protein and starch fractions were collected. The total recovery for Aktaş cv. and Güneş cv. cultivars were 98.1% and 96.1%; total starch yields were 51.6% and 49.7%; pasting temperatures of the starches were found as 83.7 and 85.7°C; and final viscosities of starches were determined as 3.5 and 3.4 Pa·s, respectively. The resistant starch contents of starch fractions of Aktaş cv. ve Güneş cv. were found as 3.28% and 3.62%, respectively. The highest total phenolic compound contents were detected with dimethyl sulphoxide extraction in the germ+dietary fibre fractions. The highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity were found in the hull fraction (as 81.7%) and germ+dietary fibre fraction (as 11.8 mmol/kg) of Aktaş cv. cultivar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]