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Efficient removal of extremely mobile and toxic As(III) from water is a challenging but critical task. Herein, we developed a functionalized sorbent of chitosan nanofiber with iron–manganese (Fe-Mn@CS NF) using a one-step hybrid electrospinning approach to remove trace As(III) from water. Batch adsorption studies were performed to determine the adsorption efficiency under a variety of conditions, including contact time, starting concentration of As(III), ionic strength, and the presence of competing anions. The experimental results demonstrated that the concentration of As(III) dropped from 550 to less than 1.2 µg/L when using 0.5 g/L Fe-Mn@CS NF. This demonstrates the exceptional adsorption efficiency (99.8%) of Fe-Mn@CS NF for removing As(III) at pH 6.5. The kinetic tests revealed that the adsorption equilibrium was reached in 2.6 h, indicating a quick uptake of As(III). The ionic strength effect analysis showed that the adsorbed As(III) formed inner-sphere surface complexes with Fe-Mn@CS NF. The presence of SO42− or F− had a negligible impact on As(III) uptake, while the presence of PO43− impeded As(III) absorption by competing for adsorption sites. The exhausted sorbent could be effectively regenerated with a dilute NaOH solution. Even after 10 cycles of regenerating Fe-Mn@CS NF, the adsorption efficiency of As(III) in natural groundwater was maintained over 65%. XPS and FTIR analyses show that the presence of M–OH and C–O groups on the sorbent surface is essential for removing As(III) from water. Overall, our study highlights the significant potential of Fe-Mn@CS NF for the efficient and quick elimination of As(III) from water.

Abstract Aims/Introduction To estimate the prevalence, and patient clinical and demographic profile, as well as risk factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Beijing, China. Materials and Methods Hospitalized adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were consecutively screened and invited for an overnight polysomnography from four hospitals in Beijing, China, from May 2016 to February 2017. We used the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2012 polysomnography recording techniques and scoring criteria to identify the type of apnea and the severity of OSAS. The χ2‐test was used to evaluate differences between groups regarding the prevalence, and demographic and other clinical parameters. Results A total of 735 patients were found eligible for the study, of whom 309 patients completed the overnight polysomnography. The mean age of the patients was 58.2 ± 10.9 years, and most (67.3%) were men. The prevalence of overall (apnea hypopnea index ≥5/h), moderate‐to‐severe (apnea hypopnea index ≥15/h) and severe (apnea hypopnea index ≥30/h) OSAS was 66.3% (95% confidence interval 60.8–71.6%), 35.6% (95% confidence interval 30.3–41.2%) and 16.5% (95% confidence interval 12.5–21.1%), respectively. Central and mixed apnea contributed 12% to all sleep‐disordered breathing. With the aggravation of OSAS, the combined prevalence for central, mixed and obstructive apnea increased from 57% to 70%. We found OSAS to be associated with older age, obesity, self‐reported snoring and apnea, and diabetes complications. Conclusions Guidelines on screening and treatment of OSAS among hospitalized patients with diabetes are needed to direct the routine practice for diabetes endocrinologists for optimal clinical care of such patients.

Abstract. Background:. Previous studies have shown that inflammation plays an important role in intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has recently emerged as a potential inflammatory biomarker. This study aimed to explore the association of the PLR with ICAS in a Chinese Han population. Methods:. A total of 2134 participants (518 with ICAS, 1616 without ICAS) were enrolled in this study. ICAS was defined as atherosclerotic stenosis >50% or the occlusion of several main intracranial arteries. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of the PLR with ICAS. Additional subgroup analyses were performed according to age (

Objective • Our aim was to explore the effects of the energy-limiting balance intervention on serum uric acid (SUA) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and analyze the correlation between the two. Methods • Retrospectively chosen study patients were 98 obese individuals who received diagnoses and care in Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University between January 2021 and September 2022. The patients were divided into the intervention group and the control group via random number table, with 49 patients in each group. The control group received standard food interventions, while the intervention group received minimal energy balance interventions. The clinical outcomes in both groups were compared. We also compared patients’ pre)and post-intervention levels of SUA, hs-CRP, and markers of glucose and lipid metabolism were assessed. Analysis was done on the relationship between markers of glucose and lipid metabolism and SUA and hs-CRP levels. Results • Patients in the intervention and control groups had respective ineffective rates of 6.12% and 20.41%, effective rates of 51.02% and 57.14%, substantial effective rates of 42.86% and 22.45% and overall effective rates of 93.88% and 79.59%. The intervention group’s overall effective rate was substantially greater than the control group’s rate (P<.05). After the intervention, patients in the intervention group had markedly decreased SUA and hs-CRP levels than patients in the control group (P<.05). Prior to the intervention, there was no clinically meaningful discrepancy between the two groups in terms of fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) or 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (P>.05). Following the intervention there was a statistically significant discrepancy between the intervention group and the control group in terms of fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (P < .05). According to a Pearson correlation study, high)density lipoprotein (HDL) was negatively correlated with the SUA levels and positively correlated with fasting blood sugar, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol and low)density lipoprotein (LDL). Before the intervention, there was no clinically meaningful variation in the intervention or control groups in triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL or HDL (P > .05). Following the intervention, patients in the intervention group had markedly decreased triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL levels than patients in the control group, while their HDL levels had substantially increased compared with the control group (P < .05). Fasting blood sugar, insulin, triglycerides and LDL all had a positive correlation with their SUA levels (P < .05). The amount hs-CRP was inversely correlated with HDL (P < .05) and positively correlated with fasting blood glucose, insulin, 2h postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides and LDL. Conclusion • An energy-limiting balance intervention can effectively reduce SUA and hs-CRP, regulate the metabolism of glucose and lipid and were closely related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the climate warms, the thickening of the active layer of permafrost has led to permafrost melting and surface collapse, forming thermokarst landforms. These changes significantly impact regional vegetation, soil physicochemical properties, and hydrological processes, thereby exacerbating regional carbon cycling. This study analyzed the relationship between soil respiration rate (Rs), soil temperature (T), and volumetric water content (VWC) in the thermokarst depression zone of the headwater wetlands of Qinghai Lake, revealing their influence on these soil parameters. Results showed a significant positive correlation between soil temperature and Rs (p < 0.001), and a significant negative correlation between VWC and Rs (p < 0.001). The inhibitory effect of VWC on Rs in the thermokarst depression zone was stronger than under natural conditions (p < 0.05). Single-factor models indicated that the temperature-driven model had higher explanatory power for Rs variation in both the thermokarst depression zone (R2 = 0.509) and under natural conditions (R2 = 0.414), while the humidity-driven model had lower explanatory power. Dual-factor models further improved explanatory power, slightly more so in the thermokarst depression zone. This indicates that temperature and humidity jointly drive Rs. Additionally, during the daytime, temperature had a more significant impact on Rs under natural conditions, while increased VWC inhibited Rs. At night, the positive correlation between Rs and temperature in the thermokarst depression zone increased significantly. The temperature sensitivity (Q10) values of Rs were 3.32 and 1.80 for the thermokarst depression zone and natural conditions, respectively, indicating higher sensitivity to temperature changes at night in the thermokarst depression zone. This study highlights the complexity of soil respiration responses to temperature and humidity in the thermokarst depression zone of Qinghai Lake’s headwater wetlands, contributing to understanding carbon cycling in wetland ecosystems and predicting wetland carbon emissions under climate change.

The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger with a conserved Cys4-His-Cys3 motif is a common zinc-binding domain, which is widely present in all eukaryotic genomes. The PHD finger is the “reader” domain of methylation marks in histone H3 and plays a role in the regulation of gene expression patterns. Numerous proteins containing the PHD finger have been found in plants. In this review, we summarize the functional studies on PHD finger proteins in plant growth and development and responses to abiotic stresses in recent years. Some PHD finger proteins, such as VIN3, VILs, and Ehd3, are involved in the regulation of flowering time, while some PHD finger proteins participate in the pollen development, for example, MS, TIP3, and MMD1. Furthermore, other PHD finger proteins regulate the plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, including Alfin1, ALs, and AtSIZ1. Research suggests that PHD finger proteins, as an essential transcription regulator family, play critical roles in various plant biological processes, which is helpful in understanding the molecular mechanisms of novel PHD finger proteins to perform specific function.

The wide application of industrial control proprietary protocols has brought great challenges to the safe operation of industrial control systems.Due to the closed-source nature of industrial control proprietary protocol specifications,it is difficult for traditional fuzzing testing tools to efficiently generate test cases,limiting the efficiency of fuzzing testing of industrial control equipment using proprietary industrial control protocols.A black box fuzzing method is proposed to solve this problem based on the reverse of a private industrial control protocol.First,an improved multiple sequence alignment algorithm and a field division algorithm are used to obtain the protocol field structure based on traffic capture.Then a series of heuristic rules are defined to identify the constant field,the serial number field,the length field,and the function code field in the protocol to infer the protocol format.After that,a protocol state machine is built according to the sequence and function code fields.In the process of fuzzing,according to the protocol format of reverse inference,various mutation strategies are used to generate test cases,and the constructed protocol state machine is used to guide the in-depth interaction between the fuzzing tool and the device under test.Based on the above methods,the ICPPfuzz tool is designed and implemented.The protocol reverse capability and fuzzing test capability of ICPPfuzz are evaluated with real equipment using three industrial control protocols(Modbus/TCP,UMAS,S7comm).Experimental results show that the tool’s field division,semantic recognition,and protocol state machine construction capabilities are significantly better than Netzob in protocol reversal.In terms of fuzzing test,the number of effective test cases generated by the tool within the same time is 1.25 times that of Boofuzz,and the quality of test cases and vulnerability discovery ability are also better than Boofuzz.At the same time,three denials of service vulnerabilities are successfully found when testing Modicon TM200/221 series PLC,which proves the tool’s effectiveness.

To analyze the internal behavior of the nuclear reactor core accurately and reliably, the multiphysics coupling effect should be considered, mainly including the neutronics, the fluid flow and the heat transfer processes. However, due to the strong differences between different physical fields, the multiphysics coupling simulation shows great difficulty, and it is always realized using the external coupling method with different codes for different fields. To improve this condition, the presented work established a lattice Boltzmann model to solve the coupled neutronicsthermalhydraulics process, which could use a similar lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to realize internal coupling to solve the different physical fields. The neutron transport process was simulated using the LBM model for all the neutron transport SN, SP3 and diffusion approximations. To comprehensively consider both the solid and liquid fuel reactors, the LBM was used to solve the delayed neutron precursor balance process and heat transfer process with considering the convection effect. For general flow conditions, including the laminar and turbulence flows, the LBM model based on largeeddy simulation was considered. Under the similar LBM implementation of different physical fields, the difficulty of multiphysics calculation was greatly reduced. The simulations of different physical fields were all realized along with the similar LBM implementation including “collision” and “streaming” processes, which means that a similar solver could be used for all these different physical processes. The interaction and feedback between different fields were realized using the LBM functions and no external data transfer and interpolation were required anymore, which showed obvious advantages in comparing with other external coupling methods. The accuracy and applicability of the proposed LBM model were verified by simulating the typical benchmark under different Reynold numbers, and the results show high accuracy comparing with the direct numerical simulation solutions. After that, the coupled LBM model was used to solve the fully coupled neutronicsthermalhydraulics problem of a simplified molten salt reactor. The influence of temperature feedback and fluid velocity was analyzed. Simulation results show that the LBM model can be used to solve the multiphysics process in a fluid fuel reactor. The temperature feedback has a strong effect on the hightemperature reactor, while the fluid flow also has an obvious effect on the neutronics process by affecting distributions of delayed neutron precursor and temperature. Increasing the flow velocity can effectively improve the heat transfer condition and, correspondingly, flatten temperature and power distribution, which is beneficial to nuclear reactor core safety. This work can provide a novel perspective for nuclear reactor multiphysics simulation. More physical fields can be further considered under the same LBM model with similar implementation.