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Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl (FS), the fruit of Oleaceae plants, as a large part of traditional Chinese medicine, is classified as "Qingqiao (Q)" and "Laoqiao (L)" based on the harvest time. Because the maturation of FS is a gradual process, its accurate identification based on different maturity levels is an important issue.We suggest colorimetric, electronic tongue, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) characteristic fingerprints to discriminate FS in different harvest periods.First, FS fruits from different harvest times were collected, and then, their colour parameters, E-tongue sensory properties, HPLC characteristic fingerprints, and contents of nominal ingredients were determined. Finally, multivariate statistical analyses, including three-dimensional scatter plots, hierarchical cluster, principal component, linear discriminant, similarity, and partial least squares discriminant analyses were performed.The results demonstrated that the three experimental techniques could effectively discriminate FS based on different harvest times with 100% accuracy. Under the qualitative conditions, nine common peaks were identified in the HPLC fingerprints of 60 samples, among which, six peaks [variable importance in projection (VIP) 1] could be used as index peaks for qualitative identification. In fact, the contents of quality marker components, including forsythin, phillygenin, rutin and forsythoside A, were significant different (P 0.001) at different harvest times. Interestingly, the quality markers not only accurately reflected the maturity of FS but also showed close correlations with the colour parameters and sensory E-tongue responses.In our present investigation, bionic technologies, including a colorimeter, E-tongue analysis, and HPLC characteristic fingerprints, combined with chemometrics, were employed to develop a novel and accurate method for discriminating FS based on different harvest times.

Comprehending how individuals feel when they discuss the vaccine is important for the immunization campaign and outbreak management during a health emergency. Online conversations provide useful information for assessing sentimental and emotional reactions to the evolutions of the pandemic and immunization program. In this study, we employ a corpus of around 58 million English tweets from users in 17 countries that discuss vaccine-related topics in the year 2021. We apply Soft Dynamic Time Warping algorithm and Time Lag Cross-Correlation approach and find that the evolutions of sentiments closely mirror the pandemic statistics. We also examine five topics connected to vaccination and discover that trust is the most predominate feeling, followed by fear, anger, and joy. Some countries reported higher emotional scores on a theme than others (people in Cuba and the United States exhibit higher levels of trust, Pakistanis and Indians express higher levels of joy, Australians and Chinese express higher levels of fear, and Japanese and British people express higher levels of anger). This study report offers a viewpoint on the public’s response to the epidemic and vaccination and aids policy-makers with preventive strategies for a future crisis.

The research around the public’s usage of masks to prevent the spread of COVID-19 is developing quickly. In this work, we analyzed data from 50 nations to assess the long-term effectiveness of mask policies with different levels using the Poisson regression model and generalized linear mixed model. Over the long term, stricter obligatory mask regulations were linked to more stable patterns and slower increases in Covid-19 case occurrences. The mitigation of disease transmission by mask policies was shown to have substantial major impacts throughout the entire year of 2020, whereas the incidence of illness displays increasing trends over time under various policies. When compared to no mask policy deployment, mask policies might reduce incidence growth by 13.5% to 17.8%, although the incidence under every policy climbed 1.5% to 1.9% on average every ten days. The mask policy is effective in controlling illness, according to the bulk of the data shown above. This result confirms the mask policy’s importance as a governing approach in the context of the worldwide pandemic.