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Organic molecules with redox centers have emerged as promising cathode materials for rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs), owing to their rich natural resources, high capacity, and sustainability. However, their application has been severely plagued by their high solubility and poor conductivity. Herein, we propose a dual-pronged strategy to mitigate these issues faced by phenazine (PZ) electrodes by employing the ionic liquid (IL) N-butyl-N-methyl-piperidinium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide (PP14TFSI) as an electrolyte additive and coating a graphene/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (graphene@PVP) composite layer onto a commercial glass fiber (GF) separator. The addition of highly polar PP14TFSI with high ion conductivity and high viscosity into the electrolyte can mitigate the dissolution of the organic electrode, and catalyze the dissociation of Mg–Cl in large MgxCly2x−y clusters to expedite reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the graphene@PVP layer which served as a barrier against soluble species and an upper current collector, can further retard the shuttle phenomenon and promote the reutilization of PZ molecules. Besides, the presence of graphene@PVP can build an internal electric field, thus facilitating charge transfer. As anticipated, the assembled Mg//PZ cells exhibited a high discharge capacity of 230 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and a commendable rate capability of 97.5 mA h g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 with an exceptionally low capacity decay rate of 0.00164% per cycle for 17 700 cycles. This work has provided a new route for the advancement of high-performance metal–organic batteries through the synergistic implementation of electrolyte engineering and separator modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most research on plant–microbe interactions emphasize the effects of micronutrients on the rhizosphere microbial community structure. However, the influence of seed structures, particularly the radicle sheath, on microbial diversity at the seedling root tips under varying temperatures and humidity has been less explored. This study conducted controlled indoor experiments in the northern desert of Xinjiang to assess the radicle sheath's impact on microbial community composition, diversity, and function. The results indicated no significant changes in the Chao1 index for bacteria and fungi, but notable differences were observed in the Shannon and Simpson indices (p < 0.05). Under drought conditions, the radicle sheath significantly reduced bacterial infections without affecting fungi. Genus-level analysis showed an increased abundance of specific dominant bacterial groups when the radicle sheath was retained. NMDS analysis confirmed its significant effect on both bacterial and fungal community structures. LEfSe analysis identified 34 bacterial and 15 fungal biomarkers, highlighting the treatment's impacts on microbial taxonomic composition. Functional predictions using PICRUSt 2 revealed that the radicle sheath facilitated the conversion of CH4 to CH3OH and various nitrogen cycle processes under drought. Overall, the radicle sheath plays a crucial role in maintaining rhizosphere microbial community stability and enhancing the functions of both bacteria and fungi under drought conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Endothelial barrier disruption of human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (HPVECs) is an important pathogenic factor for acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Mesenchymal stem cells-exosome (MSCs-Exo) represents an ideal carrier for cell-free therapy. The therapeutic implication and underlying mechanism of human placental MSCs-Exo (HPMSCs-Exo) in ALI/ARDS need to be further explored. Materials and Methods. HPMSCs-Exo was extracted from HPMSCs and characterized. Then, the therapeutic effects of exosomes were evaluated in ALI mice and HPVECs. RNA-sequencing was applied to reveal the miRNA profile of HPMSCs-Exo and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HPMSCs-Exo-pretreated HPVECs. The targets of miRNAs were predicted by bioinformatics methods and correlated to DEGs. Finally, the role of hsa-miR-148a-3p/ROCK1 pathway in HPVECs has been further discussed. Results. The results showed that HPMSCs-Exo could downregulate Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), upregulate the expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and F-actin, promote HPVECs migration and tube formation, reduce cytoskeletal disorders and cell permeability, and thus improve ALI/ARDS. RNA-sequencing revealed the DEGs were mainly enriched in cell junction, angiogenesis, inflammation, and energy metabolism. HPMSCs-Exo contains multiple miRNAs which are associated with cytoskeletal function; the expression abundance of hsa-miR-148a-3p is the highest. Bioinformatic analysis identified ROCK1 as a target of hsa-miR-148a-3p. The overexpression of hsa-miR-148a-3p in HPMSCs-Exo promoted the migration and tube formation of HPVECs and reduced ROCK1 expression. However, the overexpression of ROCK1 on HPVECs reduced the therapeutic effect of HPMSCs-Exo. Conclusions. HPMSCs-Exo represents a protective regimen against endothelial barrier disruption of HPVECs in ALI/ARDS, and the hsa-miR-148a-3p/ROCK1 pathway plays an important role in this therapeutics implication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MoS2-coated zeolitic imidazoline framework-derived transition metal sulfides (MoS2-coated S-doped ZIF-67@NF) are synthesized by hydrothermal method on nickel foam (NF). ZIF-derived transition metal sulfide and MoS2 as inner core and outer shell, respectively. Overall structure like a succulent plant, maintaining the unique skeleton structure of ZIF as an inner core, ZIF-derived transition metal sulfides enhances the charge transfer efficiency. The well-covered MoS2 protects the inner core and acts as a channel for electrolyte ion diffusion to the interior. At 1 mA cm−2, the MoS2 coated S-doped ZIF-67@NF (MSZ@NF) electrode provides a specific capacity of 4840 mF cm−2 and good cycling stability (81.3% at 30 mA cm−2 after 5000 cycles). The the asymmetric MoS2 coated S-doped ZIF@NF//RGO device achieved high energy density of 93.49 μWh cm−2 at 0.8 mW cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) show great potential in large-scale energy storage systems, due to Mg 2+ with high polarity leading to strong interactions within the cathode lattice, and the limited discovery of functional cathode materials with rapid kinetics of Mg 2+ diffusion and desirable cyclability retards their development. Herein, we innovatively report the confined synthesis of VS 2 /polyaniline (VS 2 /PANI) hybrid nanosheets. The VS 2 /PANI hybrids with expanded interlayer spacing are successfully prepared through the exfoliation of VS 2 and in situ polymerization between VS 2 nanosheets and aniline. The intercalated PANI increases the interlayer spacing of VS 2 from 0.57 to 0.95 nm and improves its electronic conductivity, leading to rapid Mg-ion diffusivity of 10 -10 -10 -12 cm 2 s -1 . Besides, the PANI sandwiched between layers of VS 2 is conducive to maintaining the structural integrity of electrode materials. Benefiting from the above advantages, the VS 2 /PANI-1 hybrids present remarkable performance for Mg 2+ storage, showing high reversible discharge capacity (245 mA h g -1 at 100 mA g -1 ) and impressive long lifespan (91 mA h g -1 after 2000 cycles at 500 mA g -1 ). This work provides new perspectives for designing high-performance cathode materials based on layered materials for RMBs.

Objective To investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (HPVECs) cytoskeleton and perform biological analysis of the microRNA (miRNA) spectrum. Methods The morphology of HPVECs was observed by microscope, the cytoskeleton by FITC-phalloidin staining, and the expression of VE-cadherin was detected by immunofluorescence cytochemical staining; the tube formation assay was conducted to examine the angiogenesis, along with cell migration test to detect the migration, and JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential to detect the apoptosis. Illumina small-RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in NC and LPS group. The target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted by miRanda and TargetScan, and the functional and pathway enrichment analysis was performed on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Further biological analysis of related miRNAs was carried out. Results After the LPS got induced, the cells became round and the integrity of cytoskeleton was destroyed. The decreased expression of VE-cadherin was also observed, along with the decreased ability of angiogenesis and migration, and increased apoptosis. Sequencing results showed a total of 229 differential miRNAs, of which 84 miRNA were up-regulated and 145 miRNA were down-regulated. The target gene prediction and functional enrichment analysis of these differential miRNA showed that they were mainly concentrated in pathways related to cell connection and cytoskeleton regulation, cell adhesion process and inflammation. Conclusion In vitro model of lung injury, multiple miRNAs are involved in the process of HPVECs cytoskeleton remodeling, the reduction of barrier function, angiogenesis, migration and apoptosis.