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Detecting taxi passengers is crucial for assessing taxi driver behavior, which plays a significant role in regulating the taxi industry. Despite the advancements in deep learning, object detection algorithms have not been extensively applied to this domain. In this article, an innovative taxi passenger detection algorithm is introduced based on YOLOv8, a lightweight and highly accurate method designed to automatically monitor driver behavior and regulate the taxi industry. To address the challenge of deploying complex object detection models on mobile devices, the ghost module is incorporated in place of standard convolutions within the C2f module, thereby making the model more lightweight. Furthermore, the model's performance is enhanced by integrating an improved version of Frequency Channel Attention (FCA), termed Parallel Frequency Channel Attention (PFCA), which boosts detection accuracy with minimal additional parameters and computational overhead. Experimental results on a specific taxi passenger dataset demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the baseline YOLOv8n model. Specifically, the model reduces the number of parameters and floating point operations by 12.96% and 8.18%, respectively, while achieving increases in mAP50 and mAP50‐95 by 0.27 and 0.73 percentage points, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this research focuses on the differences and mechanisms of intergenerational educational transmission between left-behind and non-left-behind children using structural equation modeling and multi-group path analysis. The findings indicate that significant intergenerational educational transmission effects exist in both groups, with parental educational attainment significantly impacting children's academic performance. Further mediation analysis demonstrates that parental educational attainment influences children's academic performance through the chain mediation effects of parental educational expectations and self-educational expectations. Multi-group path analysis reveals distinct mechanisms affecting academic performance: among non-left-behind children, parental educational attainment exerts a stronger direct influence on academic performance, while self-educational expectations are more influential for left-behind children. Additionally, the path coefficients for the effects of parental educational expectations and self-educational expectations on academic performance are higher for left-behind children than for non-left-behind children. Consequently, educational interventions should focus on enabling parents of left-behind children to effectively convey educational expectations through indirect methods (e.g., phone or online communication) and on enhancing left-behind children's self-educational expectations through school and community support to facilitate academic achievement in the absence of direct family support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs) are valuable tools typically used by local authorities for land use management and planning activities, supporting decision-makers in urban and infrastructure planning. To address this, we proposed a refined method for landslide susceptibility assessment, which comprehensively considered both static and dynamic factors. Neural network methods were used for susceptibility analysis. Land use and land cover (LULC) change and InSAR deformation were then integrated into the traditional susceptibility zoning to obtain a refined susceptibility map with higher accuracy. Validation was conducted on the improved landslide susceptibility map using site landslide data. The results showed that the LULC were proven to be the core driving factors for landslide occurrence in the study area. The GRU model achieved the highest model performance (AUC = 0.886). The introduction of InSAR surface deformation and land use and land cover change data could rationalize the inappropriateness of traditional landslide susceptibility zoning, correcting the false positive and false negative areas in the traditional landslide susceptibility map caused by human activities. Ultimately, 12.25% of the study area was in high-susceptibility zones, with 3.10% of false positive and 0.74% of false negative areas being corrected. The proposed method enabled refined analysis of landslide susceptibility over large areas, providing technical support and disaster prevention and mitigation references for geological hazard susceptibility assessment and land management planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study and compare the value of the Kyoto classification risk scoring system and the modified Kyoto classification risk scoring system based on linked color imaging (LCI) in predicting the risk of early gastric cancer. One hundred and fifty patients with pathologically confirmed non-cardia early gastric cancer by endoscopic LCI and 150 non-gastric cancer patients matched for age and gender were included. Basic patient data and whole gastric endoscopic images under LCI were collected, and the images were scored according to the LCI-based Kyoto classification risk scoring system and the LCI-based modified Kyoto classification risk scoring system. Compared with the LCI-based Kyoto classification risk scoring system, the LCI-based modified Kyoto classification risk scoring system had a higher AUC for predicting the risk of early gastric cancer (0.723 vs. 0.784, p = 0.023), with a score of ≥3 being the best cutoff value for predicting the risk of early gastric cancer (sensitivity 61.33%, specificity 86.00%), and scores of 3 to 5 were significantly associated with early gastric carcinogenesis significantly (OR = 9.032, 95% CI: 4.995–16.330, p < 0.001). Compared with the LCI-based Kyoto classification risk scoring system, the LCI-based Kyoto modified classification risk scoring system has a better value for predicting the risk of early gastric cancer, and the score of 3 to 5 is a high-risk factor for the risk of early gastric cancer development, which is more strongly correlated with the risk of early gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversification of chirality in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) holds immense promise for expanding their properties and functionality. Herein, we introduce an innovative approach for imparting helical chirality to COFs and fabricating a family of chiral COF nanotubes with mesoscopic helicity from entirely achiral building blocks for the first time. We present an effective 2,3‐diaminopyridine‐mediated supramolecular templating method, which facilitates the prefabrication of helical imine‐linked polymer nanotubes using unprecedented achiral symmetric monomers. Through meticulous optimization of crystallization conditions, these helical polymer nanotubes are adeptly converted into imine‐linked COF nanotubes boasting impressive surface areas, while well preserving their helical morphology and chiroptical properties. Furthermore, these helical imine‐linked polymers or COFs could be subtly transformed into corresponding more stable and functional helical β‐ketoenamine‐linked and hydrazone‐linked COF nanotubes with transferred circular dichroism via monomer exchange. Notably, despite the involvement of covalent bonding breakage and reorganization, these exchange processes overcome thermodynamic disadvantages, allowing mesoscopic helical chirality to be perfectly preserved. This research highlights the potential of mesoscopic helicity in conferring COFs with favourable chiral properties, providing novel insights into the development of multifunctional COFs in the field of chiral materials chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenosine triphosphate is an important biological molecule that provides energy and substrate for various cellular biochemical processes,it's ubiquitous in our lives. In this work, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor composed of Ru(bpy)32+, 2‐[4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)piperazin‐1‐yl] ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and adenosine 5'‐triphosphate disodium salt (ATP) was developed for the first time. In this ECL system, Ru(bpy)32+ was used as the luminophore, HEPES buffer was served as the co‐reactant, and ATP was added to the system to amplify the luminous signal to investigate the ECL behavior. Through fluorescence spectroscopy, ECL spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV), it can be hypothesized that the possible ECL mechanism is that ATP acts as an advanced co‐reaction promoter to accelerate the oxidation of HEPES to HEPES+⋅, more HEPES⋅ can be generated, which then reacts with oxidized Ru(bpy)33+ to emit stronger ECL signals. Subsequently, the influence of the ATP concentrations and the CV scanning speed was investaged. Moreover, it was observed that I− could quench the ECL intensity, the linear relationship range of I− concentration is from 10−3 to 10−6 m, the limit of detection is 3.7×10−8 m (signal/noise=3), therefore, a new, highly sensitive, and selective ECL approach for I− detection was created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing artificial systems to mimic chiral superstructures and exploring how achiral molecules precisely modulate their chirality is crucial to understand the origin of homochirality in nature. Herein, the tunability nature of supramolecular chirality is subtly applied to fabricate robust chiral covalent polymers with controlled macroscopic helicity. When using conventional supramolecular transcription methods to prepare chiral poly(m‐phenylenediamine), simply introducing various small amounts of achiral diaminopyridines (DAPs) to copolymerize with m‐phenylenediamine (MPD) enables the resulting chiral copolymers with adjustable helical configurations and chiroptical activities in an enantiopure template system. The strong hydrogen bonds between DAPs and the template molecules ((S)/(R)‐PhgC16) proved to be the driving force for guiding the chiral polymerization mode of MPD. Impressively, the exquisite self‐sorting phenomenon is observed by tuning the stoichiometric ratio of DAP and (R)‐PhgC16, where the as‐prepared copolymers with opposite helicity can exist simultaneously to form a double network structure and their chiroptical activity can be well regulated. In addition, based on such a copolymerization strategy, a conceptual library of helical functional copolymers is built with editable polymer types including conducting polymers and designable amine‐aldehyde condensation‐based polymers. This copolymerization‐mediated synthetic strategy may facilitate the development of chiral polymers with controlled morphologies and dynamic compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phaeocystis globosa is the most common species making up harmful algal blooms. For better detect P. globosa bloom, a multispectral approach was developed based on extensive in-situ investigation and MODIS remote sensing reflectance (R rs ) dataset. A novel proxy R PG was created based on the feature of R rs spectral shape and P. globosa bloom was identified when R PG was >1.6. Normalized Fluorescence Line Height (nFLH) was applied to discriminate the bloom events and nFLH of bloom waters was almost higher than 0.095 Wm -2 μm -1 sr -1 . The R PG associated with nFLH exhibited the P. globosa bloom areas comparable to that in field investigation, which indicated this practical method was successful on the spatial and temporal distribution of P. globosa blooms. Several environmental factors derived from MODIS products and field survey were analyzed to characterize the bloom conditions. Redundancy analysis suggested that nutrients and temperature are vital for triggering P. globosa bloom., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study presents the spatial distribution and chemical speciation of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in sediments, and traces the origins of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) with CN isotopes composition and elemental ratios in the northern Beibu Gulf. The spatial distribution of biogenic elements was significantly related to the grain size composition and terrestrial inputs. The liable nitrogen (LN) accounted for 20.74 ± 14.84 % of total nitrogen (TN), and organic matter-sulfide form-N (OSF-N) was the dominant part among four LN forms. The bio-available P (BAP) accounted for 76.49 ± 5.92 % of total phosphorus (TP), and the average proportions of P fractions followed the order of organic P (OP) > Fe-bound P (FeP) > authigenic P (CaP) > detrital P (De-P) > exchangeable P (Ex-P). The SOM was mainly derived from terrestrial sources in Lianzhou Bay and Maowei Sea, whereas marine phytoplankton primarily contributed to the SOM in other coastal bays., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)