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Abstract Tourism is an emotional sphere, and researchers focus on emotions to optimize tourism experiences. Tourism studies on emotions mostly ignore differences in emotions across demographic tourist groups by gender and age, thus limiting the understanding of emotions to the explicit characteristics of tourists’ emotions. On the basis of geotagged facial expressions on social media platforms, this study aims to visualize the emotions of groups in scenic spots and then reveal the variations between groups’ emotions within theme parks. By employing a facial recognition algorithm, an emotion distribution graph was proposed to represent groups’ emotions in detail. Some analytical methods were combined to characterize of the emotion distribution of each group. Through a comprehensive comparison, the results suggest that there are unique characteristics of emotion distribution for each group and considerable variations between them. This study helps researchers achieve a deeper understanding of tourists’ emotional differences and enhances the theorization of emotions. This research also highlights the advantages and significant practical implications of our method framework.

Cities constitute a critical component of the “dual carbon” strategy, highlighting the importance of examining the carbon emission trends within various city categories to formulate a low-carbon development path. In this paper, 21 cities (prefectures) in Sichuan province were divided into 4 categories (service-based cities, resource-based cities, industry-based cities, and other cities) through K-means clustering, and the differences in driving factors of carbon emissions in different types of cities were explored. At the same time, baseline scenarios, technological innovation scenarios, controlled development scenarios, and mandatory emission reduction scenarios were set up to dynamically simulate the evolution path of urban carbon emissions in the next 30 years from the bottom-up. The results show that: (1) Input scale is the main driving factor for carbon emission growth in Sichuan province, while input carbon intensity is the leading factor for carbon emission reduction. Environmental input and population scale have opposite effects on carbon emission of different urban types. (2) Resource-based cities face challenges in completing the phased goal of “carbon peaking” under both baseline scenarios and controlled development scenarios. These cities have gradually become the predominant city type of emission source in Sichuan province, surpassing service-based cities. (3) Except for the normal scenario, Sichuan province can achieve the target of “carbon peaking” in other scenarios, and is expected to achieve the target of 90 % greenhouse gas reduction by 2050. (4) Among the 81 development paths derived from the urban scenario combinations, the path labeled M−B−C−M exhibits the lowest economic-ecological comprehensive impact coefficient. The bottom-up carbon emission scenario analysis framework established in this paper offers a novel perspective for the study of “carbon peaking” and can provide theoretical support for policymakers in devising regional low-carbon development strategies.

BackgroundRecent findings highlight the significant impact of intestinal fungi on the complex makeup of the gut microbiota and human health, challenging past oversights. However, a lack of thorough systematic and quantitative analyses remains. This study aims to address this gap by thoroughly examining the current research on gut fungi. Through analyzing developments and unique features in this area, our goal is to foster a deeper understanding and identify future research pathways.MethodsWe performed an extensive bibliometric analysis on documents from 2000 to 2023, sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Utilizing advanced visualization tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix R, we meticulously examined and illustrated the data in scientific landscapes and networks.ResultsA total of 1434 papers were analyzed, revealing a substantial increase in publication volume over the past two decades, particularly in 2020. Contributions came from 67 countries, 2178 institutions, and 8,479 authors. China led in publication output with 468 articles, followed by the University of California with 84 articles, and ZHANG F as the most prolific author with 17 articles. Emerging research areas such as “Fungal-Bacteria Interactions,” “Gut Fungus and Gut-Brain Axis,” and “Gut Fungus and Immunity” are expected to attract growing interest in the future.ConclusionThis extensive bibliometric analysis offers a current overview of scholarly efforts concerning intestinal fungi, highlighting the predominant landscape in this field. These insights can assist scholars in identifying appropriate publication avenues, forming collaborative relationships, and enhancing understanding of key themes and emerging areas, thereby stimulating future research endeavors.

The Tibetan Plateau, known as the "Roof of the World" , is one of the most tectonically complex areas on Earth. Its deep tectonics and dynamical mechanisms have been the focus of intense research in the fields of deep geophysics and continental dynamics. The eastern Tibetan Plateau is characterized by strong topographic fluctuations, frequent seismic activities, and abundant metal deposits, which reveal the extremely complex crust–mantle structure, deep deformation, and intense deep material movement. In recent years, with the rapid development of comprehensive geophysical observation techniques, deep structure imaging methods, and geodynamic simulations, significant progress has been made in deep tectonics, block motions, deep dynamic models, strong seismic activity, deep seismic mechanisms, as well as the deep structure of metal mineralization in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The Workshop on Tectonics and Geophysics in the east part of Tibetan Plateau (WTGTP) is an annual academic exchange symposium for the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. The 9th and 10th conferences were held in Xichang, China, in 2021 and online in 2022, respectively. Based on the reports of these conferences, in combination with the relevant research results in recent years, this paper focuses on the India–Eurasian plate collision, tectonic deformation and dynamic mechanisms, and strong earthquake activity and deep seismic mechanisms in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The paper describes the research progress pertaining to the tectonic structure, deep structural deformation, and dynamic mechanisms of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The research prospects of further delineating the deep structure and geophysics of the Tibetan Plateau are preliminarily addressed, with the goal of providing a useful reference for interested researchers. The research in this field has great significance because it enhances our understanding of the deep tectonic processes that shape the Tibetan Plateau. Such knowledge could have implications for predicting and mitigating seismic hazards in the region. Additionally, research into the metallogenic tectonics of the eastern Tibetan Plateau may provide insights into the formation of mineral deposits in other parts of the world. Overall, research into the deep tectonics and dynamical mechanisms of the Tibetan Plateau is a complex and challenging field that requires the use of advanced technology and multidisciplinary approaches. The WTGTP provides a valuable forum for researchers to share their findings and collaborate on solutions to these geologically complex problems.

Accurate forecasts of water demand are a crucial factor in the strategic planning and judicious use of finite water resources within a region, underpinning sustainable socio-economic development. This study aims to compare the applicability of various artificial intelligence models for long-term water demand forecasting across different water use sectors. We utilized the Tuojiang River basin in Sichuan Province as our case study, comparing the performance of five artificial intelligence models: Genetic Algorithm optimized Back Propagation Neural Network (GA-BP), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Random Forest (RF). These models were employed to predict water demand in the agricultural, industrial, domestic, and ecological sectors using actual water demand data and relevant influential factors from 2005 to 2020. Model performance was evaluated based on the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), with the most effective model used for 2025 water demand projections for each sector within the study area. Our findings reveal that the GPR model demonstrated superior results in predicting water demand for the agricultural, domestic, and ecological sectors, attaining R2 values of 0.9811, 0.9338, and 0.9142 for the respective test sets. Also, the GA-BP model performed optimally in predicting industrial water demand, with an R2 of 0.8580. The identified optimal prediction model provides a useful tool for future long-term water demand forecasting, promoting sustainable water resource management.

The NE margin of the Tibetan plateau influenced by multiple blocks, the regional dynamic model and lithospheric deformation characteristics are still controversial. In this study, 15 years data from permanent broadband seismic stations of the seismic network in the study area were adopted for splitting analyses of teleseismic phases XKS (SKS PKS and SKKS, shortly named XKS) using a grid search method, longer observations provided each station with a large number of clear seismic phases. The results show that the fast wave directions of XKS splitting are oriented toward WNW or NW, with reference to the direction of absolute plate motion, the lithospheric deformation is dominantly driven by the asthenosphere, although there are local variations. On both sides of the Haiyuan fault zone, there is a noticeable variation in lithospheric azimuthal anisotropy, further enhances the possibility that it is an extended boundary of the Tibetan plateau. Rheological anisotropic features on the western side of the Ordos block emphasize the obstruction of the rigid Ordos lithosphere. The crust and mantle seem to be coupled below the Qinling orogen, possibly related to the lateral movement of lithospheric material. However, in the Hexi corridor, there may be layered anisotropy within the lithosphere, which is inferred to relate to the subductions of the Alxa block and the Qilian orogen. The thicker lithosphere on the southern margin of the Alxa block may influence the asthenospheric flow. In addition, anisotropy results at the southeastern edge of the Alxa block and the Yinchuan graben reflect the possibility that the lithosphere may be characterized by a combination of horizontal and vertical movements. These results have greatly improved our understanding of the dynamic models and lithospheric deformation characteristics of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau and adjacent areas.

Type 2 diabetes often presents with reproductive disorders, including reduced male and female fertility. Here they show that diabetes disrupts the APLN signaling axis in the testes and that spermatogenesis can be restored through treatment with an APLN antagonist.

Abstract In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, global vaccine campaigns are a mass vaccination intervention conducted through routine service provision for individuals who have reached a specified age. However, obtaining a high uptake rate to reach herd immunity may be undermined by various social motivations. To scrutinize the practical and dynamic strategies for a successful vaccination campaign, we map out the determinants that exacerbate vaccine hesitancy by leveraging the capacity of rich metadata from Twitter. Here, we uncover the collective propensities underlying dynamic social motivations and the uneven distribution of vaccines across the globe. Our findings suggest that profiling the status quo of public perceptions and engaging in introspection about vaccine-promoting policies in due course are integral components of preparedness against the ongoing pandemic. Simultaneously, we propose several recommendations to remind governments of the importance of building confidence in vaccination in a targeted way, and we assert that national barriers should be abandoned and that international responsibility should be assumed.

The brewing conditions of beverage milk tea determine the taste of milk tea. This study investigated the changes in sensory characteristics and small molecule compounds in milk tea made from large-leaf yellow tea under different brewing conditions by sensory analysis, colorimeter, and LC-MS. The results show that the tea to milk ratio is the most important process affecting the taste, and the color values of b* (+yellow, - blue) can be used to evaluate the taste of milk tea made from large leaf yellow tea. The composition of small molecular compounds is affected by tea to milk ratio, which can change the taste of milk tea. l-cysteine and 8-methylsulfinyloctyl glucosinolate are significantly positively correlated with taste by metabolomics analysis. l-cysteine was used to verify the analysis results by LC-MS. The total acceptance of milk tea is improved by adding l-cysteine at a low level (0.025–0.035 mM).

Cisplatin (Cp), a chemotherapeutic agent, interacts with purines on tumor DNA, causing tumor cell apoptosis. However, cisplatin has the characteristics of non-specific distribution and lack of selectivity, resulting in systemic toxicity. Moreover, it cannot maintain the drug’s high concentration in the tumor-weak acid environment. These flaws of cisplatin restrict its use in clinical applications. Therefore, a pH-responsive carbon nanotube-modified nano-drug delivery system (CNTs/Gel/Cp) was constructed in this study using gelatin (Gel)-modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs/Gel) loaded with cisplatin to release drugs precisely and slowly, preventing premature inactivation and maintaining an effective concentration. When MCp:MCNTs/Gel = 1:1, the drug reaches the highest loading rate and entrapment efficiency. To achieve the sustained-release effect, CNTs/Gel/Cp can release the medicine steadily for a long time in a pH environment of 6.0. Additionally, CNTs/Gel/Cp display antitumor properties comparable to cisplatin in a manner that varies with the dosage administered. These findings indicate that CNTs/Gel/Cp have an effective, sustained release of cisplatin and a good antitumor effect, providing a theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical application of modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a new drug delivery system.

Thermal batteries are high-temperature lithium metal batteries. The thermal stability and the specific capacity of cathode materials are key factors to its application. In this case, NiO with high decomposition temperature and theoretical capacity was constructed as a thermal battery cathode. At 500℃, the specific capacity of NiO cathode was about 642 mAh g−1 with a large current density of 0.1 A cm−2 and a cut-off voltage of 1.0 V. This capacity reached 89.4% of the theoretical value at those harsh discharge conditions. As the discharge temperature increased to 700℃, an obvious discharge voltage platform of 1.5 V and a specific capacity of 243 mAh g−1 were still observed for NiO cathodes. While thermal batteries using other common cathode materials cannot discharge efficiently at 700 °C. The XRD and TEM indicated that the high-temperature reaction of the NiO cathode was a one-step reaction: NiO + 2Li++2e-→ Ni + Li2O. This ultra-high temperature discharge ability suggests the NiO cathode can be very promising in high-capacity and long-life thermal battery applications.

The uneven distribution, scarcity, and pollution of water resources can significantly hinder socioeconomic development. A conceptual framework of Water Resources Endowment-Efficiency-Pressure-Response-Structure-Cycle (2EPRSC) was proposed, and 16 indicators were selected to establish the evaluation index system. Taking the five economic zones in the Sichuan Province of China as the research area, the genetic algorithm optimized entropy weighting method-cloud model was applied to determine the water security grades. Subsequently, the coupling coordination degree (CCD) model was established based on water security system (WSS)-SES to analyze the CCD. The results showed that (1) temperature and investment were the two indicators with more significant impacts on water security in Sichuan Province. (2) From 2012 to 2022, water security in Sichuan Province as a whole presented a decreasing and then increasing trend. (3) From 2012 to 2022, CCDs of the WSS-SES in Sichuan Province's economic zones were mostly at moderate imbalance, with the Chengdu Plain economic zone showing the highest CCD. Overall, the CCD scores across the economic zones were on an ascending trajectory. The study, grounded in the state of water security and CCD in Sichuan, can forge a scientific foundation for the sustainable development of WSS-SES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare and severe urinary tract infection that is potentially life-threatening and easily progresses to septic shock. In this report, we present a unique case of emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by Raoultella ornithinolytica. Case presentation An 86-year-old man presented with severe back pain of 3 days’ duration. He had a history of hypertension and diabetes for more than 20 years, and his infection indicators and serum creatinine were elevated. Abdominal computed tomography revealed an abnormal gas shadow around his right kidney and the anterior edge of his right psoas muscle. Consequently, he was initially diagnosed with emphysematous pyelonephritis. There was no evidence of nephrolithiasis or other anatomical or structural abnormalities that could have precipitated this focal renal infection. Both blood and drainage fluid cultures revealed R. ornithinolytica. After early anti-infection treatment, percutaneous drainage and moderate control of blood glucose, the patient gradually recovered. Conclusions Emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by R. ornithinolytica is rare but has a high drug resistance rate potentially and may cause severe infections. Early diagnosis, prompt use of antibiotics that are sensitive to the organism, and decompression drainage could be the key to treatment.

Highlights The strengthening mechanism of spontaneous orientation polarization of anisotropic equivalent dipoles within high-entropy alloys (HEAs) is proposed for enhancing dielectric attenuation of HEAs. The source of carbon supporter is expanded to the biomass category, which can construct the shell-core heterointerfaces with HEAs by means of a reformative carbothermal shock method. The sample carbonized cellulose paper/HEAs-Mn2.15 achieves efficient electromagnetic wave absorption of -51.35 dB at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.03 mm. This work combines theoretical calculations and electromagnetic simulations to propose feasible strategies for the design and application of electromagnetic functional devices such as ultra-wideband bandpass filter.

Traditional treatments against advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high morbidity and mortality continue to be dissatisfactory. Given this situation, there is an urgent requirement for alternative modalities that provide lower invasiveness, superior clinical effectiveness, and minimal adverse effects. The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and immunotherapy gradually become a promising approach for high-grade malignant NSCLC. Nevertheless, owing to the absence of precise drug delivery techniques as well as the hypoxic and immunosuppressive characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the efficacy of this combination therapy approach is less than ideal. In this study, we construct a novel nanoplatform that indocyanine green (ICG), a photosensitizer, loads into hollow manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanospheres (NPs) (ICG@MnO2), and then encapsulated in PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (anti-PD-L1) reprogrammed exosomes (named ICG@MnO2@Exo-anti-PD-L1), to effectively modulate the TME to oppose NSCLC by the synergy of PDT and immunotherapy modalities. The ICG@MnO2@Exo-anti-PD-L1 NPs are precisely delivered to the tumor sites by targeting specially PD-L1 highly expressed cancer cells to controllably release anti-PD-L1 in the acidic TME, thereby activating T cell response. Subsequently, upon endocytic uptake by cancer cells, MnO2 catalyzes the conversion of H2O2 to O2, thereby alleviating tumor hypoxia. Meanwhile, ICG further utilizes O2 to produce singlet oxygen (1O2) to kill tumor cells under 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Furthermore, a high level of intratumoral H2O2 reduces MnO2 to Mn2+, which remodels the immune microenvironment by polarizing macrophages from M2 to M1, further driving T cells. Taken together, the current study suggests that the ICG@MnO2@Exo-anti-PD-L1 NPs could act as a novel drug delivery platform for achieving multimodal therapy in treating NSCLC.

IntroductionAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common clinical recurrent atopic disease in dermatology, most seen in children and adolescents. In recent years, AD has been found to be closely associated with microbial communities.MethodsTo explore the synergistic effects between colonizing bacteria from different sites and AD, we comparatively analyzed the skin, oral, and gut microbiota of children with AD (50 individuals) and healthy children (50 individuals) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Twenty samples were also randomly selected from both groups for metabolic and macrogenomic sequencing.ResultsThe results of our sequencing study showed reduced microbiota diversity in the oral, skin, and gut of children with AD (P < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis showed that serotonergic synapse, arachidonic acid metabolism, and steroid biosynthesis were downregulated at all three loci in the oral, skin, and gut of children with AD (P < 0.05). Macrogenomic sequencing analysis showed that KEGG functional pathways of the three site flora were involved in oxidative phosphorylation, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, mRNA surveillance pathway, ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, proteasome, basal transcription factors, peroxisome, MAPK signaling pathway, mitophagy, fatty acid elongation, and so on (P < 0.05).DiscussionThe combined microbial, metabolic, and macrogenetic analyses identified key bacteria, metabolites, and pathogenic pathways that may be associated with AD development. We provides a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the role of the microbiota at different sites in AD patients, pointing to new directions for future diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

ObjectiveIn several randomized controlled trials (RCTs), sacrospinous hysteropexy and other forms of hysteropreservation have been compared. Nevertheless, there is no definitively best treatment. This study summarized RCT evidence for various uterine preservation surgical procedures.MethodsFrom each database inception to August 2023, we searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for eligible RCTs. A comparison was made between sacrospinous hysteropexy and other hysteropreservation, including vaginal and abdominal surgery. For categorical and continuous variables, relative risks (RRs) and mean differences (MDs) were calculated using random-effects models.ResultsWe reviewed a total 1,398 studies and ultimately included five RCTs that met all inclusion criteria. These five studies included a total of 1,372 uterine POP cases all of whom received transvaginal surgery and had a follow-up period for assessment of recurrence from 12 months to 5 years. There were no significant differences between sacrospinous hysteropexy and other hysteropreservation for the incidences of recurrence (RR,1.24; 95% CI, 0.58 to 2.63; p = 0.58) or hematoma (RR,0.70; 95% CI, 0.17 to 2.92; p = 0.62). Moreover, neither sacrospinous hysteropexy nor hysteropreservation had any significant effect on the risk of mesh exposure (RR,0.34; 95% CI, 0.03 to 4.31; p = 0.41), dyspareunia (RR,0.45; 95% CI, 0.13 to1.6; p = 0.22), urinary tract infection (RR,0.66; 95% CI, 0.38 to 1.15; p = 0.15), bothersome bulge symptoms (RR,0.03; 95% CI, −0.02 to 0.08; p = 0.24), operative time (MD, −4.53; 95% CI, −12.08 to 3.01; p = 0.24), and blood loss (MD, −25.69; 95% CI, −62.28 to 10.91; p = 0.17). However, sacrospinous hysteropexy was associated with a lower probability of pain (RR,4.8; 95% CI, 0.79 to 29.26; p = 0.09) compared with other hysteropreservation.ConclusionThere was no difference between sacrospinous hysteropexy and hysteropreservation in terms of recurrence, hematoma, mesh exposure, dyspareunia, urinary tract infection, bothersome bulge symptoms, operative time, pain, and blood loss.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO [CRD42023470025].

Precipitation plays a significant role in global water and energy cycles, largely affecting many aspects of human life, such as transportation and agriculture. Recently, meteorologists have tried to predict precipitation with deep learning methods by learning from much historical meteorological data. Under this paradigm, the task of precipitation nowcasting is formulated as a spatiotemporal sequence forecasting problem. However, current studies suffer from two inherent drawbacks of the definition of the problem. First, considering that the weather patterns vary in spatial and temporal dimensions, a spatiotemporally shared kernel is not optimal for capturing features across different regions and seasons. Second, these methods isolate the precipitation from other meteorological elements, such as temperature, humidity, and wind. The disability of cross-model learning prevents the possibility of the promotion of precipitation prediction. Therefore, this article proposes a spatiotemporal inference network (STIN) to produce precipitation prediction from multimodal meteorological data with spatiotemporal specific filters. Specifically, we first design a spatiotemporal-aware convolutional layer (STAConv), in which kernels are generated conditioned on the incoming spatiotemporally features vector. Replacing normal convolution with STAConv enables the extraction of spatiotemporal specific information from the meteorological data. Based on the STAConv, the spatiotemporal-aware convolutional neural network (STACNN) is further proposed, fusing the multimodal information, including temperature, humidity, and wind. Then, an encoder–decoder framework composed of RNN layers is built to extract representative temporal dynamics from multimodal information. To investigate the practicality of the proposed method, we employ STIN to predict the following precipitation intensity. Extensive experiments on three meteorological datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our model on precipitation nowcasting.

The charging load of electric vehicles (EV) is one of the most rapidly increasing loads in current power distribution systems. It may cause distribution transformer/feeder overload without proper coordination or control, especially in residential area where household load and EV charging load are sharing transformer capacity. Existing smart meter-based orderly charging control (OCC) approaches commonly require costly but unreliable communication schemes to control EV charging behavior. In this work, a smart meter-based distributed controller is designed to establish a meter-to-EV communication interface with low cost and enhanced reliability, based on the state-of-the-art charging standard. An event-driven OCC algorithm is developed, and then, deployed in the data hub (concentrator) of the AMI with an easy-to-implement optimization formulation. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated using a numerical case study and a practical field test in Hangzhou, China. Both results indicate promising advantages of the proposed OCC approach in reducing the peak load of emerging EV charging demand by more than 30%.

Objective: Elucidate the core clinical and genetic characteristics and identify the phenotypic variation between different regions and genotypes of fatal familial insomnia (FFI).Methods: A worldwide large sample of FFI patients from our case series and literature review diagnosed by genetic testing were collected. The prevalence of clinical symptoms and genetic profile were obtained, and then the phenotypic comparison between Asians versus non-Asians and 129Met/Met versus 129Met/Val were conducted.Results: In total, 131 cases were identified. The age of onset was 47.51±12.53 (range 17-76) years, 106 patients died and disease duration was 13.20±9.04 (range 2-48) months. Insomnia (87.0%) and rapidly progressive dementia (RPD; 83.2%) occurred with the highest frequency. Hypertension (33.6%) was considered to be an objective indicator of autonomic dysfunction. Genotype frequency at codon 129 was Met/Met (84.7%) and Met/Val (15.3%), and allele frequency was Met (92.4%) and Val (7.6%).129 Met was a risk factor (OR: 3.728, 95% CI: 2.194 to 6.333, p=0.000) for FFI in the non-Asian population. Comparison of Asians and non-Asians revealed clinical symptoms and genetic background to show some differences (p<0.05). In the comparison of 129 polymorphisms, a longer disease duration was found in the 129 MV group, with alleviation of some clinical symptoms (p<0.05). After considering survival probability, significant differences in survival time between genotypes remained (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Insomnia, RPD and hypertension are representative key clinical presentations of FFI. Phenotypic variations in genotypes and geographic regions were documented. Prion protein gene 129 Met was considered to be a risk factor for FFI in the non-Asian population, and 129 polymorphisms could modify survival duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the Internet, the continuous increase of malware and its variants have brought greatly challenges for cyber security. Due to the imbalance of the data distribution, the research on malware detection focuses on the accuracy of the whole data sample, while ignoring the detection rate of the minority categories' malware. In the dataset sample, the normal data samples account for the majority, while the attacks' malware accounts for the minority. However, the minority categories' attacks will bring great losses to countries, enterprises, or individuals. For solving the problem, this study proposed the GNGS algorithm to construct a new balance dataset for the model algorithm to pay more attention to the feature learning of the minority attacks' malware to improve the detection rate of attacks' malware. The traditional malware detection method is highly dependent on professional knowledge and static analysis, so we used the Self-Attention with Gate mechanism (SAG) based on the Transformer to carry out feature extraction between the local and global features and filter irrelevant noise information, then extracted the long-distance dependency temporal sequence features by the BiGRU network, and obtained the classification results through the SoftMax classifier. In the study, we used the Alibaba Cloud dataset for malware multi-classification. Compared the GSB deep learning network model with other current studies, the experimental results showed that the Gaussian noise generation strategy (GNGS) could solve the unbalanced distribution of minority categories' malware and the SAG-BiGRU algorithm obtained the accuracy rate of 88.7% on the eight-classification, which has better performance than other existing algorithms, and the GSB model also has a good effect on the NSL-KDD dataset, which showed the GSB model is effective for other network intrusion detection.

Abstract Both the hippocampus and amygdala are involved in working memory (WM) processing. However, their specific role in WM is still an open question. Here, we simultaneously recorded intracranial EEG from the amygdala and hippocampus of epilepsy patients while performing a WM task, and compared their representation patterns during the encoding and maintenance periods. By combining multivariate representational analysis and connectivity analyses with machine learning methods, our results revealed a functional specialization of the amygdala-hippocampal circuit: The mnemonic representations in the amygdala were highly distinct and decreased from encoding to maintenance. The hippocampal representations, however, were more similar across different items but remained stable in the absence of the stimulus. WM encoding and maintenance were associated with bidirectional information flow between the amygdala and the hippocampus in low-frequency bands (1–40 Hz). Furthermore, the decoding accuracy on WM load was higher by using representational features in the amygdala during encoding and in the hippocampus during maintenance, and by using information flow from the amygdala during encoding and that from the hippocampus during maintenance, respectively. Taken together, our study reveals that WM processing is associated with functional specialization and interaction within the amygdala-hippocampus circuit.

Abstract Background The practice of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is widely used for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) despite its corresponding feeding strategies are still controversial. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrated to evaluate the effect of early vs. delayed enteral nutrition on the incidence of feeding intolerance (FI) and other association during TH. Methods This single center, parallel-group, and no-blinded RCT was processed in a level III, and academic neonatal intensive care unit. Infants who were diagnosed with HIE and undertaken TH from September 2020 to August 2021 were enrolled. Participants were randomized to receive enteral nutrition either during TH/rewarming (early enteral nutrition, EEN) or after TH (delayed enteral nutrition, DEN) according to a recommend enteral feeding protocol. All data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software with a p-value 0.05). The percentage of infants who had not reaching the goal of full enteral feeding volume between the two groups was similar (21.43% vs 23.68%, p = 0.809). The average time of parenteral nutrition, reaching full enteral feeds and hospital stay were shorter in the EEN group compared with the DEN group with significant differences (8.81 ± 1.67 vs 10.61 ± 2.06 days, p

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults. Due to the poor prognosis of patients, the median survival time of GBM is often less than 1 year. Therefore, it is very necessary to find novel treatment options with a good prognosis for the treatment or prevention of GBM. In recent years, flavonoids are frequently used to treat cancer. It is a new attractive molecule that may achieve this promising treatment option. Flavonoids have been proved to have many biological functions, such as antioxidation, prevention of angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, and protection of nerve cells. It has also shown the ability to regulate long non-coding RNA (LncRNA). Studies have confirmed that flavonoids can regulate epigenetic modification, transcription, and change microRNA (miRNA) expression of GBM through lncRNA at the gene level. It also found that flavonoids can induce apoptosis and autophagy of GBM cells by regulating lncRNA. Moreover, it can improve the metabolic abnormalities of GBM, interfere with the tumor microenvironment and related signaling pathways, and inhibit the angiogenesis of GBM cells. Eventually, flavonoids can block the tumor initiation, growth, proliferation, differentiation, invasion, and metastasis. In this review, we highlight the role of lncRNA in GBM cancer progression and the influence of flavonoids on lncRNA regulation. And emphasize their expected role in the prevention and treatment of GBM.

Study objectiveTo describe the surgical technique and compare the operative outcomes of gasless and traditional robot-assisted transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (GR-vNOTES vs. TR-vNOTES) in hysterectomy.MethodsThe patients undergoing hysterectomy via GR-vNOTES or TR-vNOTES between February 2020 and January 2022 in our hospital were included. Clinical data regarding patient demographics, operative time, blood loss, complications, and postoperative hospital stays were collected and analyzed.ResultsFive cases underwent hysterectomy via GR-vNOTES, and nine cases via TR-vNOTES. The baseline demographics and operative outcomes were not significantly different in GR-vNOTES and TR-vNOTES groups. There was no conversion to multiport robotic laparoscopy, conventional laparoscopy or laparotomy. No complications were seen in both groups, except two cases had fever postoperatively in the TR-vNOTES group. For those with early stage cervical/endometrial cancer, no recurrence or metastasis was observed in the follow-up of six months.ConclusionBoth GR-vNOTES and TR-vNOTES were feasible and safe for hysterectomy. GR-vNOTES was a promising alternative to TR-vNOTES in hysterectomy.

The transcription factor network required for primordial germ cell (PGC) specification is known to diverge in mammals. Here the authors show that hominidae-specific transposable element (TE) LTR5Hs becomes transcriptionally active during PGC specification, and LTR5Hs inactivation abrogates human PGC specification

Conventional strategies against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unsatisfactory due to its invasiveness and poor prognosis. Herein, it is utmost imperative to require alternative modalities with less invasiveness, good clinical efficacy, and low side effects. A combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging modality against refractory HCC. To date a majority of PTT/PDT paradigms has a disappointing therapeutic efficiency, owing to low targeting ability of nanotheranostic agents or imprecise irradiation of lasers. In this study, HCC‐specific targeting aptamer and chlorine e6 (Ce6)‐modified polydopamine (PDA) nanospheres with decoration of Pt quantum dots (termed Apt‐Ce6‐PDA@Pt bioconjugates) are explored to combat HCC in vivo by synergy of PTT and PDT modalities. The Apt‐Ce6‐PDA@Pt bioconjugates can effectively accumulate into tumor sites by specifically binding Glypican‐3 (GPC3)‐positive tumor cells, and core of PDA exerts strong optical absorption in near‐infrared (NIR) region to enable photothermal performance. Meanwhile, the moieties of Ce6 subsequently serve as photosensitizers and fluorophores to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and guide phototherapeutics, respectively. The current study finally suggests that Apt‐Ce6‐PDA@Pt bioconjugates can act as a protocol for programmable ablation of HCC and it is believed that it will have a significant impact on clinical translation of promising therapy.

With the continuous development of energy infrastructure, a large number of distributed new energy, distributed energy storage, and various power electronic equipment are connected to distribution communities. The access to a large amount of equipment not only increases the workload of power operators, but also leads to a complex field operation environment, which will threaten the security of field operators. Traditional monitoring strategy for distribution community operation site relies on manual operation, which is tedious, labor-intensive, and error-prone. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a security monitoring strategy for distribution community operation sites based on an intelligent image processing method. Firstly, a power image enhancement method based on multi-filtering algorithm is proposed. The filter operators are used to smooth and denoise the image, enhance the edge and detail information, and expand the security monitoring data set of operation sites by merging the filtered images. Secondly, an object detection method for personnel and security protection tools based on the improved Faster R-CNN algorithm is proposed, and a pyramid structure is constructed to improve the detection and localization accuracy of small objects such as safety helmets and safety belts. To simplify the object detection task and the complexity of the labeling system, it is disassembled into four single tasks: operators, non-operators, safety helmets, and safety belts. Finally, the detection frame labels are fused by calculating the overlap of the object detection boxes to describe the security of the operator. Experiments show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively locate the object and accurately describe the security of the operator.

Pyroptosis, a novel pro-inflammatory type of programmed cell death, is involved in the tumorigenesis of various cancers. Recent findings have implicated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the serial steps of cancer development. However, the expression and prognostic signatures of pyroptosis-related lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unknown. Therefore, a pyroptosis-related lncRNA prognostic model was constructed for HCC. Thirty-four pyroptosis-related genes were obtained from previous reviews, and gene expression data were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Spearman's correlation test was used to identify potential pyroptosis-related lncRNAs. Cox and LASSO regression analyses were used to construct a prognostic model. Subsequently, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the model's predictive ability for the overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. CytoHubba was used to screen out the potential hub gene, whose expression was verified using clinical samples from HCC patients. Finally, nine pyroptosis-related differentially expressed lncRNAs in HCC were identified, and a prognostic model with four pyroptosis-related lncRNAs was constructed with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of approximately 0.734. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and TCGA revealed different immune infiltration and immune checkpoints between the two risk groups. Moreover, these lncRNAs are closely related to the pyroptosis-related gene, NLRP6, which may be considered a hub gene. NLRP6 was lower-expressed in HCC samples, and patients with lower expression of NLRP6 had the longer OS. In conclusion, NLRP6-dependent pyroptosis-related lncRNAs play important roles in tumor immunity and may be potential predictors and therapeutic targets for HCC.

The integrity of intestinal barrier determines intestinal homeostasis, which could be affected by various factors, like physical, chemical, and biological stimuli. Therefore, it is of considerable interest and importance to maintain intestinal barrier function. Fortunately, many plant polyphenols, including resveratrol, could affect the health of intestinal barrier. Resveratrol has many biological functions, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and anti-cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating studies have shown that resveratrol affects intestinal tight junction, microbial composition, and inflammation. In this review, we summarize the effects of resveratrol on intestinal barriers as well as the potential mechanisms (e.g., inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi, regulating the expression of tight junction proteins, and increasing anti-inflammatory T cells while reducing pro-inflammatory T cells), and highlight the applications of resveratrol in ameliorating various intestinal diseases.

Among patients with diabetes mellitus, limited studies have investigated the relationship between anthropometric parameters and cardiovascular disease (CVD), with all-cause mortality. We examined the associations of arm circumference (AC), arm-to-waist ratio (AC/WC), and CVD, with all-cause mortality among patients with diabetes. This is a cohort study of 5497 diabetic individuals aged 20 or over who were recruited in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2014. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the associations between AC, AC/WC, and CVD, with all-cause mortality. We also conducted stratified analyses and explored the possible non-linear relation by restricted cubic splines. During a median follow-up of 7.2 years, there were 271 and 1093 cases of CVD and all-cause death. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (Cis) of CVD mortality in Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups compared with Q1 group were 0.37 (0.22, 0.62), 0.24 (0.12, 0.48), 0.18 (0.07, 0.46) for AC, and 0.18 (0.07, 0.46), 0.34 (0.20, 0.60), 0.28 (0.15, 0.53) for AC/WC. Similar results were observed in the analysis for all-cause mortality risk. AC and AC/WC were both inversely associated with CVD and all-cause mortality among individuals with diabetes. It is important to pay attention to these anthropometric parameters of diabetic patients.

Abstract Organic–inorganic halide perovskites have been widely used in photovoltaic technologies. Despite tremendous progress in their efficiency and stability, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are still facing the challenges of upscaling and stability for practical applications. As a mature film preparation technology, magnetron sputtering has been widely used to prepare metals, metallic oxides, and some semiconductor films, which has great application potential in the fabrication of PSCs. Here, a unique technology where high‐quality perovskite films are prepared via magnetron sputtering for controllable composition, solvent‐free, large‐area, and massive production, is presented. This strategy transforms the perovskite materials from powder to thin films by magnetron sputtering and post‐treatment (vapor‐assisted treatment with methanaminium iodide gas and methylamine gas treatment), which is greatly favorable to manufacture tandem solar cells. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs with perovskite films fabricated by magnetron sputtering is 6.14%. After optimization, high‐performance perovskite films with excellent electronic properties are obtained and stable PSCs with excellent reproducibility are realized, showing a PCE of up to 15.22%. The entirely novel synthetic approach opens up a new and promising way to achieve high‐throughput magnetron sputtering for large‐area production in commercial applications of planar heterojunction and tandem PSCs.

Limited evidence investigated the combined influence of early-adulthood weight change and later physical activity on the risk of cardiovascular (CVD) and all-cause mortality. The aim of this study is to explore the associations of early-adulthood weight change and later physical activity with CVD and all-cause mortality. This is a cohort study of 23,193 US adults aged 40 to 85 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 to 2014. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CVD and all-cause mortality associated with early-adulthood weight change and later physical activity. During a median follow-up of 9.2 years, there were 533 and 2734 cases of CVD and all-cause deaths. Compared with being physically inactive, the HRs of the CVD mortality of being physically active were 0.44 (0.26 to 0.73), 0.58 (0.19 to 1.82), 0.38 (0.17 to 0.86) and 0.46 (0.21 to 1.02) among individuals with stable normal, stable obese, non-obese to obese and maximum overweight early-adulthood weight change patterns. Using stable normal patterns that were physically active later as the reference, other early-adulthood weight change patterns did not show a significantly higher risk of CVD mortality when participants were physically active in later life; later physically inactive participants had a significantly increased risk of CVD mortality, with HRs of 2.17 (1.30 to 3.63), 5.32 (2.51 to 11.28), 2.59 (1.29 to 5.18) and 2.63 (1.32 to 5.26) in the stable normal, stable obese, non-obese to obese and maximum overweight groups, respectively. Similar results can be seen in the analyses for all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that inadequate physical activity worsens the negative impact of unhealthy early-adulthood weight change patterns, which is worthy of being noted in the improvement of public health.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by sudden arterial occlusion, which is characterized by a high morbidity, mortality, and disability rate. It is one of the most important causes of nervous system morbidity and mortality in the world. In recent years, the search for new medicine for the treatment of IS has become an attractive research focus. Due to the extremely limited time window of traditional medicine treatment, some side effects may occur, and accompanied by the occurrence of adverse reactions, the frequency of exploration with natural medicine is significantly increased. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway is a classical pathway for cell metabolism, growth, apoptosis, and other physiological activities. There is considerable research on medicine that treats various diseases through this pathway. This review focuses on how natural medicines (including herbs and insects) regulate important pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and the role it plays in improving IS. We found that many kinds of herbal medicine and insect medicine can alleviate the damage caused by IS through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, the prescription after their combination can also achieve certain results. Therefore, this review provides a new candidate category for medicine development in the treatment of IS.

Ischemic stroke, one of the most universal causes of human mortality and morbidity, is pathologically characterized by inflammatory cascade, especially during the progression of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. F-Box Protein 3 (FBXO3), a substrate-recognition subunit of SKP1-cullin 1-F-box protein (SCF) E3 ligase complexes, has recently been proven to be severed as an underlying pro-inflammatory factor in pathological processes of diverse diseases. Given these considerations, the current study aims at investigating whether FBXO3 exerts impacts on inflammation in cerebral I/R injury. In this study, first, it was verified that FBXO3 protein expression increased after a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats and was specifically expressed in neurons other than microglia or astrocytes. Meanwhile, in mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 cells, the elevation of FBXO3 protein was observed after oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment. It was also found that interference of FBXO3 with siRNA significantly alleviated neuronal damage via inhibiting the inflammatory response in I/R injury both in vivo and in vitro. The FBXO3 inhibitor BC-1215 was used to confirm the pro-inflammatory effect of FBXO3 in the OGD/R model as well. Furthermore, by administration of FBXO3 siRNA and BC-1215, FBXO3 was verified to reduce the protein level of Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 2 (HIPK2), likely through the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS), to aggravate cerebral I/R injury. Collectively, our results underline the detrimental effect FBXO3 has on cerebral I/R injury by accelerating inflammatory response, possibly through ubiquitylating and degrading HIPK2. Despite the specific interaction between FBXO3 and HIPK2 requiring further study, we believe that our data suggest the therapeutic relevance of FBXO3 to ischemic stroke and provide a new perspective on the mechanism of I/R injury.