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Objective To investigate the relationship between oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) findings and short-term adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods We retrospectively collected 387 cases of pregnant womenwith gestational diabetes mellitus from 2020 to 2021 at the Maternity & Child Care Center of Dezhou and analyzed laboratory results. According to OGTT values, patients were divided into three groups, and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed; these included gestational weight gain, gestational hypertension, cesarean section, preterm birth, dead fetus, fetal distress, fetal growth restriction, congenital disabilities, macrosomia, and low birth weight. In group 1, 277 patients had abnormal OGTT values, and short-term adverse outcomes were studied. Results Three abnormal OGTT points were accompanied by significant gestational weight gain, gestational hypertension incidence, and low birth weight incidence; the risks of cesarean section and preterm birth increased. Abnormal fasting plasma glucose was associated with gestational hypertension. Conclusion OGTT findings can be used to alert clinicians to short-term adverse outcomes in mothers and infants. Clinicians should be aware of abnormal OGTT findings.

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), a destructive pest that originated in South and North America, spread to China in early 2019. Controlling this invasive pest requires an understanding of its population structure and migration patterns, yet the invasion genetics of Chinese S. frugiperda is not clear. Here, using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, triose phosphate isomerase (Tpi) gene and eight microsatellite loci, we investigated genetic structure and genetic diversity of 16 S. frugiperda populations in China. The Tpi locus identified most S. frugiperda populations as the corn-strains, and a few were heterozygous strains. The microsatellite loci revealed that the genetic diversity of this pest in China was lower than that in South America. Furthermore, we found moderate differentiation among the populations, distinct genetic structures between adjacent populations and abundant genetic resources in the S. frugiperda populations from China sampled across 2 years. The survival rate of S. frugiperda was significantly higher when it was fed on corn leaves than on rice leaves, and the larval stage mortality rate was the highest under both treatments. Our results showed that S. frugiperda probably invaded China via multiple independent introductions and careful pesticide control, continuous monitoring and further studies will be needed to minimize its potential future outbreak.

Zhong Wang,1,* Kai Yuan,1,* Yan-Bin Ji,2,* Su-Xia Li,3 Le Shi,1 Zhe Wang,1 Xin-Yu Zhou,4 Yan-Ping Bao,3 Wen Xie,5 Ying Han,3 Jie Shi,3 Lin Lu,1,3,6 Wei Yan,1 Wen-Hao Chen1 1Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People’s Republic of China; 3National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China; 5Mental Health Center of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China; 6Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wen-Hao Chen; Wei Yan Peking University Sixth Hospital/Peking University Institute of Mental Health, 51 Huayuanbei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-10-82801342; Tel +86-10-62723704Email chenwenhao@bjmu.edu.cn; weiyan@bjmu.edu.cnIntroduction: Accumulating evidence suggests that both sleep loss and gut dysbiosis can lead to metabolic disorders. However, less is known about the impact of total sleep deprivation (SD) and sleep recovery on the composition, function, and metabolic dynamics of the gut microbiota.Methods: Specific-pathogen free Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to 48 h of SD with gentle handling and then allowed to recover for 1 week. Taxonomic profiles of fecal microbiota were obtained at baseline, 24 h of SD, 48 h of SD, and 1 week of recovery. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the gut microbial composition and function and further characterize microbiota-derived metabolites in rats.Results: The microbiota composition analysis revealed that gut microbial composition and metabolites did not change in the rats after 24 h of SD but were significantly altered after 48 h of SD. These changes were reversible after 1 week of sleep recovery. A functional analysis was performed based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations, indicating that 19 KEGG pathways were significantly altered in the gut microbiota in SD rats. These functional changes occurred within 24 h of SD, were more apparent after 48 h of SD, and did not fully recover after 1 week of sleep recovery.Conclusion: These results indicate that acute total SD leads to significant compositional and functional changes in the gut microbiota, and these changes are reversible.Keywords: gut microbiota, sleep deprivation, short-chain fatty acid, function prediction

AimsHuman skin is the first barrier against pathogens and environmental hazards and the highest contact frequency occurs with the hands. Environmental and personal metabolic factors may affect skin microbes. This study was conducted to clarify the diversity in the skin microbial community that was mainly due to individual skin metabolites rather than lifestyle and environmental factors.Methods and ResultsSkin microbiota samples were collected from 11 volunteers who met similar lifestyle inclusion criteria. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified. After library construction and sequencing, we compared the composition and diversity of the hand skin microbiota in different sexes and BMI groups with bioinformation analysis. The whole sequence data were annotated as 42 phyla, 538 families, and 1215 genera. Four dominant phyla accounted for 97% of the total including Actinobacteriota (50.18%), Firmicutes (23.85%), Proteobacteria (21.64%) and Bacteroidota (2.05%). The genera that were detected in all subjects with high relative abundance were Cutibacterium, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Lawsonella, Enhydrobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, Asaia and Micrococcus.ConclusionsThe diversity and richness of the microbiota of male hand skin in our study was higher than that of females. Interestingly, Cutibacterium, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium might serve as important skin microbiota to distinguish sexes.

Background Patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) failed to benefit from docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgery and postoperative radiotherapy in our previous phase 3 trial (NCT01542931). The aim of the present study was to explore the prognostic value of Ki67 expression for individualized TPF neoadjuvant therapy. Methods Immunohistochemical staining of Ki67 was performed in the biopsies before treatment in the experimental arm of our previous phase 3 trial. A total of 65 patients with Ki67 expression below 25% or above 50% were retrospectively reviewed in this study. Kaplan‑Meier analysis, log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model were used for survival analysis. Results Among the 65 patients enrolled in the study, the patients with high Ki67 expression (n = 41) before treatment exhibited higher overall survival (OS) (P = 0.041) and distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS) (P = 0.049) than those with low expression (n = 24). The 5-year OS of the two groups were 70.7% and 45.8% respectively (high vs low). Cox proportional hazards model showed that high Ki67 expression before TPF neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a positive impact on the OS (HR = 0.399, 95% CI: 0.178–0.893, P = 0.025). Conclusions High Ki67 expression before treatment could predict the survival benefits from TPF neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to standard therapy in patients with locally advanced OSCC, which could act as a biomarker for individualized treatment.

The study aimed to investigate the effects of galangin on learning and memory impairments and Akt/MEF2 D/Beclin-1 signaling pathway in APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice. The mice in this experiment were divided into the normal group, model group, low-(25 mg·kg~(-1)), medium-(50 mg·kg~(-1)), and high-dose(100 mg·kg~(-1)) galangin groups, donepezil(3 mg·kg~(-1)) group, Akt inhibitor(25 mg·kg~(-1)) group, and autophagy inhibitor(30 mg·kg~(-1)) group, with ten in each group, and administered with the corresponding drugs for 30 successive days. On the 24 th day of medication, the water maze and dark avoidance tests were performed. The levels of p-tau, β-amyloid peptide 1-42(Aβ_(42)), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1), and amyloid precursor protein(APP) in hippocampus were detected by ELISA, the Beclin-1 mRNA expression by RT-PCR, the expression of Aβ_(42) and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of myocyte enhancer factor 2 D(MEF2 D) by immunofluorescence assay. The pathological changes in hippocampus were observed after HE staining, and the expression of Akt, MEF2 D, and Beclin-1 in hippocampus were assayed by Western blot. These results showed that compared with the normal group, the model group exhibited prolonged swimming time, increased number of errors and electric shocks, up-regulated p-tau, Aβ_(42), APP, AChE, BACE1, GFAP, and Beclin-1, shortened incubation period, decreased p-Akt and MEF2 D, and obvious hippocampal injury. Compared with the model group, donepezil and galangin shortened the swimming time, reduced the number of errors and electric shocks, down-regulated the expression of p-tau, Aβ_(42), APP, AChE, BACE1, GFAP, and Beclin-1, prolonged the incubation period, up-regulated p-Akt and MEF2 D, and improved the pathological changes in hippocampus. Compared with the autophagy inhibitor group, galangin prolonged the swimming time, elevated the number of errors and electric shocks, enhanced the expression of p-tau, Aβ_(42), APP, AChE, BACE1, GFAP, and Beclin-1, shortened the incubation period, and diminished the expression of p-Akt and MEF2 D. In conclusion, galangin improves the learning and memory impairments and hippocampal neuron injury of APP/PS1 mice, which may be related to its regulation of Akt/MEF2 D/Beclin-1 signaling pathway.

A novel polymycovirus isolating from plant-pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was identified. The virus were composed nine RNA segments, ranging from 699 bp to 2,444 bp, and except that RNA5 contains two open reading frames (ORF5-1 and ORF5-2), other RNA segement contain only one ORF. In addition,the proteins encoded by ORFs 1-8 were homologous to the protein encoded by ORFs 1-8 in Colletotrichum camelliae filamentous virus 1(CcFV-1) by BLASTp. The amino acid sequence between the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) encoded by ORF1 and the viral methyltransferase encoded by ORF3 shared 87.6% and 83.3% identity with CcFV-1. The proline-alanine-serine-rich protein (PASrp) encoded by ORF4 shows 86.6% sequence homology to that of CcFV-1. The sequence homology of proteins encoded by ORFs2, 5-1, 6, 7 and 8 with the corresponding proteins of CcFV-1 was 86.6%, 82.5%, 89.0%, 45.7% and 95.5%, respectively. However, RNA9 is a defective RNA of RNA2, missing the 1556 bp (nt 519 to nt 2074) intermediate fragment of RNA2. Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp protein indicated that the virus, which is the phylogenetically closest relative of CcFV-1, clustered with members of the family Polymycoviridae, so we tentatively named it "Colletotrichum gloeosporioides polymycovirus virus 1" (CgPmV1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a defective polymycovirus in C. gloeosporioides.

Psychotic symptoms of dementia are highly prevalent and lead to poor medical outcomes and substantial dysfunction. To date, which drug to use remains controversial without a summary of all direct or indirect comparisons of pharmacotherapy. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analysis to examine efficacy and tolerability outcomes of pharmacological treatments in dementia patients. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched systematically up to August 31, 2020. We included trials of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), memantine, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers, with final approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. We ranked the comparative effects of all drugs against placebo with surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probabilities. This analysis is based on 34 trials, which included 10,415 patients randomly assigned to 15 commonly used drug regimens. Donepezil (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.30, 95% credible interval [CrI] -0.50 to -0.12; SUCRA, 0.85), memantine (SMD -0.20, 95%CrI -0.34 to -0.07; SUCRA, 0.68) and aripiprazole (SMD -0.17, 95% CrI -0.32 to -0.02; SUCRA, 0.62) showed greater benefit than placebo, and with relatively good tolerability in network meta-analyses. Risperidone was also found to be more efficacious than placebo (SMD -0.16, 95% CrI -0.28 to -0.05; SUCRA, 0.60), but with poor tolerability (odds ratios [OR] 1.50, 95% CrI 1.06-2.26). Donepezil, memantine, haloperidol, aripiprazole and risperidone were more efficacious than quetiapine (SMDs ranged from -0.36 to -0.22). Besides, donepezil, memantine and mirtazapine were more efficacious than sertraline (SMDs ranged from -0.47 to -0.36). Most of the results were rated as "low" to "very low". Several effective treatment choices for psychotic symptoms are available across drug classes. Donepezil, memantine and aripiprazole are probably the appropriate options to consider when a pharmacological treatment is indicated. Given the limitations of the meta-analytic approach and the low methodological quality of the majority of studies, our results should be cautiously interpreted.