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The MYB (v-MYB avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) transcription factor (TF) family has numerous members with complex and diverse functions, which play an indispensable role in regulating the response of plants to stress. In this study, a new 1R-MYB TF gene was obtained from Fragaria vesca (a diploid strawberry) by cloning technology and given a new name, FvMYB114. According to the subcellular localization results, FvMYB114 protein was a nuclear localization protein. Overexpression of FvMYB114 greatly enhanced the adaptability and tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana to salt and low temperature. Under salt and cold stress, the transgenic plants had greater proline and chlorophyll contents and higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) than the wild-type (WT) and unloaded-line (UL) A. thaliana. However, malondialdehyde (MDA) was higher in the WT and UL lines. These results suggested that FvMYB114 may be involved in regulating the response of A. thaliana to salt stress and cold stress. FvMYB114 can also promote the expression of genes, such as the genes AtSOS1/3, AtNHX1 and AtLEA3 related to salt stress and the genes AtCCA1, AtCOR4 and AtCBF1/3 related to cold stress, further improving the tolerance of transgenic plants to salt and cold stress.

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CBF transcription factors (TFs) are key regulators of plant stress tolerance and play an integral role in plant tolerance to adverse growth environments. However, in the current research situation, there are few reports on the response of the CBF gene to Begonia stress. Therefore, this experiment investigated a novel CBF TF gene, named MbCBF2, which was isolated from M. baccata seedlings. According to the subcellular localization results, the MbCBF2 protein was located in the nucleus. In addition, the expression level of MbCBF2 was higher in new leaves and roots under low-temperature and high-salt induction. After the introduction of MbCBF2 into Arabidopsis thaliana, the adaptability of transgenic A. thaliana to cold and high-salt environments was significantly enhanced. In addition, the high expression of MbCBF2 can also change many physiological indicators in transgenic A. thaliana, such as increased chlorophyll and proline content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Therefore, it can be seen from the above results that MbCBF2 can positively regulate the response of A. thaliana to low-temperature and osmotic stress. In addition, MbCBF2 can also regulate the expression of its downstream genes in transgenic lines. It can not only positively regulate the expression of the downstream key genes AtCOR15a, AtERD10, AtRD29a/b and AtCOR6.6/47, related to cold stress at low temperatures, but can also positively regulate the expression of the downstream key genes AtNCED3, AtCAT1, AtP5CS, AtPIF1/4 and AtSnRK2.4, related to salt stress. That is, the overexpression of the MbCBF2 gene further improved the adaptability and tolerance of transgenic plants to low-temperature and high-salt environments.

In the life cycle of apple, it will suffer a variety of abiotic stresses, such as iron stress and salt stress. bHLH transcription factors (TFs) play an indispensable role in the response of plants to stress. In this study, a new bHLH gene named MxbHLH18 was separated from Malus xiaojinensis. According to the results of subcellular localization, MxbHLH18 was localized in the nucleus. Salt stress and iron stress affected the expression of MxbHLH18 in Malus xiaojinensis seedlings to a large extent. Due to the introduction of MxbHLH18, the resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana to salt, high iron and low iron was significantly enhanced. Under the environmental conditions of high iron and low iron, the overexpression of MxbHLH18 increased many physiological indexes of transgenic Arabidopsis compared to wild type (WT), such as root length, fresh weight and iron content. The high level expression of MxbHLH18 in transformed Arabidopsis thaliana can not only increased the content of chlorophyll and proline, as well as increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT); it also reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), which was more obvious under high salt conditions. In addition, the relative conductivity, H2O2 content and O2− content in transgenic Arabidopsis decreased under salt stress. Meanwhile, MxbHLH18 can also regulate the expression of downstream genes associated with salt stress (AtCBF1/2/3, AtKIN1 and AtCOR15a/b) and iron stress (AtIRT1, AtFRO2, AtNAS2, ATACT2, AtZIF1 and AtOPT3). Therefore, MxbHLH18 can actively promote the adaptability of plants to the growth environment of salt and low and/or iron.

In the life cycle of apple, it will suffer a variety of abiotic stresses, such as iron stress and salt stress. bHLH transcription factors (TFs) play an indispensable role in the response of plants to stress. In this study, a new

CBFs play a crucial role when plants are in adverse environmental conditions for growth. However, there are few reports on the role of CBF gene in stress responses of Malus plant. In this experiment, a new CBF TF was separated from M. baccata which was named MbCBF1. MbCBF1 protein was found to be localized in the nucleus after subcellular localization. Furthermore, the expression of MbCBF1 was highly accumulated in new leaves and roots due to the high influence of cold and high salt in M. baccata seedlings. After introducing MbCBF1 into A. thaliana, transgenic A. thaliana can better adapt to the living conditions of cold and high salt. The increased expression of MbCBF1 in A. thaliana also increased the contents of proline, remarkablely improved the activities of SOD, POD and CAT, but the content of MDA was decreased. Although the chlorophyll content also decreased, it decreased less in transgenic plants. In short, above date showed that MbCBF1 has a positive effect on improving A. thaliana cold and high salt tolerance. MbCBF1 can regulate the expression of its downstream gene in transgenic lines, up-regulate the expression of key genes COR15a, RD29a/bandCOR6.6/47 related to low temperature under cold conditions and NCED3, CAT1, P5CS1, RD22, DREB2A,PIF1/4, SOS1 and SnRK2.4 related to salt stress under high salt conditions, so as to further improve the adaptability and tolerance of the transgenic plants to low temperature and high salt environment.

The MYB transcription factor (TF) family is one of the largest transcription families in plants, which is widely involved in the responses of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as plant growth, development, and metabolic regulation. In the present study, a new MYB TF gene, MbMYB108, from Malus baccata (L.) Borkh, was identified and characterized. The open reading frame (ORF) of MbMYB108 was found to be 903 bp, encoding 300 amino acids. Sequence alignment results and predictions of the protein structure indicated that the MbMYB108 protein contained the conserved MYB domain. Subcellular localization showed that MbMYB108 was localized to the nucleus. The expression of MbMYB108 was enriched in young and mature leaves, and was highly affected by cold and drought treatments in M. baccata seedlings. When MbMYB108 was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana, it greatly increased the cold and drought tolerances in the transgenic plant. Increased expression of MbMYB108 in transgenic A. thaliana also resulted in higher activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), higher contents of proline and chlorophyll, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative conductivity were lower, especially in response to cold and drought stresses. Therefore, these results suggest that MbMYB108 probably plays an important role in the response to cold and drought stresses in A. thaliana by enhancing the scavenging capability for reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a central driver of liver fibrosis. Previous investigations have identified various altered epigenetic landscapes during the cellular progression of HSC activation. N6-methyladenosine (m

The polyurethane-encapsulated lateral line-inspired MEMS vector hydrophone has problems such as low-frequency sensitivity (10–80 Hz) loss and narrow working bandwidth. In order to eliminate these two problems, a new encapsulation with a stainless steel mesh cap structure was proposed. This paper first verified the sensitivity loss and narrow working bandwidth of the polyurethane encapsulation through experiments and simulations, analyzed the impact of the perforation rate, thickness, and aperture of the stainless steel mesh cap structure on the vector hydrophone through simulation, and finally made 8 types of stainless steel mesh cap with different apertures was tested experimentally. Finally, the experimental results show that the sensitivity of the stainless steel mesh encapsulation in the low frequency range (10–80 Hz) is improved by an average of 12 dB than that of the polyurethane encapsulation, and the working bandwidth has been increased from 10–210 Hz to 10–667 Hz.