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Phlomoides rotata, a traditional medicinal plant, is commonly found on the Tibetan Plateau at altitudes of 3100–5200 m. Its primary active medicinal compounds, flavonoids and phenylethanol glycosides (PhGs), exhibit various pharmacological effects, including hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. This study analyzed flavonoid and PhG metabolites in the roots of P. rotata collected from Henan County (HN), Guoluo County (GL), Yushu County (YS), and Chengduo County (CD) in Qinghai Province. A total of differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) including 38 flavonoids and 21 PhGs were identified. Six genes (UFGT1, CHS1, COMT2, C4H3, C4H8, and C4H5) and four enzymes (4CL, C4H, PPO, and ALDH) were found to play key roles in regulating flavonoid and PhG biosynthesis in P. rotata roots. With increasing altitude, the relative content of 15 metabolites, the expression of seven genes, and the activity of four enzymes associated with flavonoid and PhG metabolism increased. These findings enhance our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid and PhG metabolism in P. rotata and provide insights into the potential pharmaceutical applications of its bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lycium chinense is acknowledged for its substantial nutritional benefits, particularly attributed to the high levels of ascorbic acid (AsA) found in its fruits. The "Mengqi No.1" variety of L. chinense, which is cultivated in Qinghai, is known for its high yield and exceptional quality. We utilized the "Mengqi No.1" variety as experimental materials and combined metabolomic, transcriptomic, and physiological analyses to investigate the metabolites, genes, and enzymes related to AsA metabolism in L. chinense fruits. The results revealed nine differential metabolites associated with AsA metabolism in L. chinense fruits across three stages, including 1D-Myo-Inositol-1,4-Bisphosphate, D-Fructose, L-(+)-Arabinose, I-Inositol, L-Arabinitol, D-Galactose-1-P, lactose, α-D-Glucose, and D-Glucose-6-P. Notably, the contents of D-Glucose-6-P, D-Galactose-1-P, and D-Fructose were increased as the fruit developed. Additionally, fresh weight, longitudinal length, and radial width were increased, while the contents of AsA and DHA were decreased. GalDH and DHAR are critical enzymes for the accumulation of AsA and DHA, exhibiting positive correlation coefficient. Furthermore, PMM1, PMM5, GME2, and GME3 were identified as key regulatory genes in the L-Galactose pathway of AsA synthesis, influencing D-Galactose-1-P, D-Glucose-6-P, α-D-Glucose, and D-Fructose. DHAR1 and DHAR2 are considered key positive regulator genes of AsA and DHA in the AsA-GSH cycle. However, the majority of genes (nine) act as negative regulators of AsA and DHA. These findings provide a foundation for the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of AsA metabolism in L. chinense fruits and offer insights into the utilization of AsA from L. chinense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) offers significant advantages in terms of rate and time for healing through generating sub-vacuum to draw out inflammatory exudate and promote wound closure. However, continuous drainage probably leads to healing delay due to the lack of information about the real status of the wound bed and the potential risk of infection. To address this concern, printed Negative Pressure Smart Patch (NPSP) is reported by integrating smart real-time sensing acidity (infection) and glucose, and anti-infection into NPWT systems. In addition, NPSP delivers vancomycin through chitosan porous microspheres under negative pressure to modulate wound healing. Compared with NPWT, NPSP projects a promising approach to removing bacteria, reducing local inflammation, and accelerating healing in a short period of time., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)