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Summary: Microstrip patch antennas (MPA) are widely used in wireless communication systems due to their ease of manufacture, low cost, and low profile. This work proposes a proximity‐coupled rectangular microstrip patch antenna array (PRMPA) adaptable for 5G applications. However, the existing research works suffered from low gain, low efficiency, and narrow bandwidth. In addition, 5G communications suffer from path loss in high‐frequency bands. For managing this issue, the large gain antenna is essential. Hence, this research aims to design and fabricate high‐gain compact 2 × 2 slotted PRMPA for 5G applications. The antenna design is simulated on HFSS and operates at 28–37 GHz. Here, the antenna parameters like length, width, and feed line parameters are optimized using a metaheuristic optimization like the mayfly optimizer (MFO). Further, a circular‐shaped metamaterial split‐ring resonator (SRR) reduces the mutual coupling. Then, Rogers RT5880 is used as substrate material, and the design operates at 34.5 GHz. The gain and radiation efficiency achieved by the proposed antenna design are 15.4 dB and 94.4% for the simulated outcomes. Highlights: This research aims to introduce a compact 2 × 2 proximity‐coupled rectangular microstrip patch antenna (PRMPA) array for 5G communications at 28–37 GHz bands.This study's aim is to introduce a metaheuristic algorithm mayfly optimizer (MFO) to optimize the antenna's dimensions (length and width).This study provides the slots in a corner on both sides of the antenna to improve the gain and efficiency.This research aims to demonstrate the parameters of designed antennas, like single element and 2 × 2 array; they are compared based on gain, bandwidth, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), reflection coefficient, and radiation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The broadcast nature of radio propagation in wireless communication has been suspected as the loopholes of passive or active attacks by unauthorized users (eavesdroppers). The physical layer security techniques operate at the lowest stack of OSI layer against conventional cryptographic approaches, operating at the upper layer. However, techniques such as channel coding, power (directional antenna and artificial noise), and spread spectrum have been (and continuously) deployed to safeguard against sophisticated attacks. Most of these deployments are theoretical, and a few are enhanced for efficient security against an intruder. In this article, a boundary technique approach is proposed and applied to the physical layer to improve its secrecy‐capacity and subdue adversary effects at the legitimate receiver. Hybrid performance metrics were adopted, and a Monte Carlo simulation was performed. The result obtained using secrecy outage probability, secrecy‐capacity, and intercept‐probability show that our proposed techniques enhance the secret transmission between the main transmitter and legitimate receiver. The simulation results were compared with the analytical methods. It was found that the channel between the transmitter and the main receiver has a better signal‐to‐noise ratio than the corresponding eavesdropper's channel. Conclusively, performance of the proposed technique is validated for applications in emerging wireless communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of wireless communication in today's society is facing the development bottleneck of increasingly tense spectrum resources. As the key technology of 5G technology, Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MMIMO) technology has been widely studied and applied in recent years. It is expected to bring progress to wireless communication systems. The key characteristic of MMIMO is its large antenna array that results in a high dimension of the wireless system channel. This article examines the use of precoding technology in large-scale multi-antenna MIMO systems to address the issue of Common Channel Interference (CCI). The study starts by introducing the concept of linear digital precoding and provides mathematical demonstrations of three linear digital precoding schemes. The performance of these schemes is then simulated and analyzed using MATLAB, with the results showing a significant improvement in the bit error performance and combining rate of the MIMO system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the evolution of cellular networks as part of their adaptation to the IoT, allowing their new belonging to the category of LPWAN networks. We will be more particularly interested in coverage extension mechanisms. The transmission chain used in this work based on GMSK scheme with maximum likelihood criterion for phase detection. During the theoretical study on the IQ-Prefilter mixed recombination mechanism, we determined an approximation expression of the mean SINR of the frame after recombination. This study allowed us to observe the impact of the temporal correlation of the propagation channel on the performance of the proposed mechanism. A TU6 (Typical Urban 6 paths) channel model will be used in this work. This model is adapted to the urban environment, in accordance with our study on the IoT and the smart city. The effect of the parameters introduced in the theoretical part such as recombination ratio, number of repetitions and duration between each repetition will be evaluated particularly regarding SINR and BER. Based on simulation, the performance of the proposed IQ-Prefilter mechanism is better than those of the IQ and Prefilter recombination for equivalent SNRs. Moreover, the performance of the IQ-Prefilter mechanism is better for low IQ-Prefilter ratios, that is to say when recombination by Prefilter is preferred to recombination by IQ. All the theoretical results and those obtained by simulation make it possible to better evaluate the performance of the suggested mechanisms in the IoT framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high gain array antenna consisted of 16 SRR elements is presented in this paper. Each element is comprised of two square rings located into the 16 SRR elements parallelly fed by power divider. The offered array antenna with high sensitivity to frequency band variation is suitable for wireless communication systems including 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz. Due to the high matching for input, power divider and elements the proposed system has a high gain of about 7.5 dB in the resonance frequencies. On the other hand, circular polarization can be obtained by utilizing ring structures. The simple and compact antenna with overall size of 32 × 40 mm2 is simulated and tested on a FR-4 substrate with 0.8 mm thickness. Acceptable agreement can be seen for the simulation and experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]