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Two new species of Agaricales, Deconica flavum and Entocybe roseoalbus, are described from Mount Tianmu, Zhejiang Province, Eastern China. Two new species are distinct and monophyletic based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses. Deconica flavum differs from other Deconica species in that the pileus is brow shallow in the center and stipe with yellowish white fibrils, scatted on litter under coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest at 1162 m. Entocybe roseoalbus is distinguished from other species of Entocybe by nearly blue pileus and pinkish-white stipe, scatted on humus in similar forest conditions at 1025 m. The differences are discussed between the two new taxa and their similar species morphologically, and related species phylogenetically.

Background: Roles of ILC2s in allergic rhinitis (AR) and local allergic rhinitis (LAR) are unclear. In this study, we are determined to find the levels of autophagy and mitophagy of ILC2s in allergic nasal inflammation. Methods: ELISA was used to detect type 2 inflammatory cytokines. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were used to compare the eosinophil (EOS) infiltration of nasal tissue specimens. Flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of ILC2s and Th2 cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) were used to detect the levels of Beclin1, LC3, p62, PINK1, Parkin, FUNDC1, and BNIP3 in nasal mucosa. The levels of autophagy related proteins and mitophagy related proteins of the ILC2s were detected by WB. The number of autophagosomes of ILC2s was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The co-localization levels of GFP-LC3 and Mito tracker in ILC2s were observed by confocal microscopy using immunofluorescence. Results: We found that the level of type 2 inflammation in AR and LAR mice was significantly increased. The levels of autophagy and mitophagy of AR and LAR mice in nasal mucosa and ILC2s were both increased. Conclusions: ILC2s may be associated with the occurrence and development of nasal allergic inflammation. The abnormal increase of autophagy and mitophagy levels in the nose may be associated with the incidence of AR and LAR. Abnormal autophagy and mitophagy levels of ILC2s cells may be one of the causes of allergic nasal inflammation.

Platinum-based chemotherapy is the primary treatment option for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients without a driver gene mutation, but its efficacy is still modest. Through a potential synergistic effect, autologous cellular immunotherapy (CIT) composed of cytokine-induced killer (CIK), natural killer (NK), and T cells might enhance it. NK cells exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity toward lung cancer cells (A549 cells) following platinum therapy. Using flow cytometry, the expression of MICA, MICB, DR4, DR5, CD112, and CD155 on lung cancer cells was assessed. In this retrospective cohort study, there were included 102 previously untreated stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients ineligible for tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) target therapy who received either chemotherapy alone (n=75) or combination therapy (n=27). The cytotoxicity of NK cells for A549 cells was increased obviously and a time-dependent enhancement of this effect was also observed. After platinum therapy, the levels of MICA, MICB, DR4, DR5, CD112, and CD155 on the surface of A549 cells were increased. In the combination group, the median PFS was 8.3 months, compared to 5.5 months in the control group (p=0.042); the median overall survival was 18.00 months, compared to 13.67 months in the combined group (p=0.003). The combination group had no obvious immune-related adverse effects. The combination of NK cells with platinum showed synergistic anticancer effects. Combining the two strategies increased survival with minor adverse effects. Incorporating CIT into conventional chemotherapy regimens may improve NSCLC treatment. However, additional evidence will require multicenter randomized controlled trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]