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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in HIV Clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Study Design: A descriptive study covering the data of clients who were offered PrEP. Place and Duration of Study: HIV treatment center Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Islamabad, Pakistan, from October 2019 to September 2022. Materials and Methods: Total of 118 people without HIV from various high-risk population groups were reported in HIV treatment center PIMS during a period of 3 years including 39 females from serodiscordant couples, 16 transgender females, and 63 men having sex with men (MSM). All of them were given oral PrEP after necessary screening, investigations, and evaluation. These clients were prescribed a fixed drug combination of Tenofovir/Lamivudine (TDF/3TC) one tablet daily as PrEP. The alternate regimen used was Event-driven PrEP (EDP) for MSM. Monthly follow-up was performed, and all patients were found to be HIV negative. Results: All 118 clients receiving PrEP remained seronegative on regular monthly follow-ups after a sufficiently long period of unsafe sexual practices that frequently exposed them to HIV-positive sex partners. Based on their age mean age of the clients in young group below 35 years was 27 + 6, all 62 young clients had 100% protection. Similarly, 41 middle aged (mean age 43 + 6) and 15 old clients (mean age 56 + 5) had 100% protection with PrEP. Six women from serodiscordant couples while receiving PrEP became pregnant with partners who had completely suppressed viral load (

Objective: to evaluate the beneficial role of Nebivolol on bone formation in Experimental model of rat. Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun-Aug 2020 Methodology: Fourteen (14) rats of the Sprague Dawley variety were obtained for the study. The bone defect was made in each rat's upper quadrant of the right femur shaft by surgical intervention.1-2mm bone defect was created using a Dental Engine motor, avoiding any injury to muscles or other areas of bone. Rats were divided into two equal groups. The Disease Control Group was labelled as Group-A, which was restricted to normal drinking water and feed for three weeks after surgery. Nebivolol-Group was tagged as Group-B, given Nebivolol (2.5mg/kg) once daily (OD) for three weeks starting postop Day 1. Rats included in the study were sacrificed at the end of the three weeks, and their right femurs were collected in sample jars for radiography and histopathology. Results: The radiographic scores, as well as the histopathology scores, were analyzed. Results depicted noteworthy differences between Group-A and Group-B and found to be highly significant (p-value