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The dry mass and the orientation of biomolecules can be imaged without a label by measuring their permittivity tensor (PT), which describes how biomolecules affect the phase and polarization of light. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of PT has been challenging. We present a label-free computational microscopy technique, PT imaging (PTI), for the 3D measurement of PT. PTI encodes the invisible PT into images using oblique illumination, polarization-sensitive detection and volumetric sampling. PT is decoded from the data with a vectorial imaging model and a multi-channel inverse algorithm, assuming uniaxial symmetry in each voxel. We demonstrate high-resolution imaging of PT of isotropic beads, anisotropic glass targets, mouse brain tissue, infected cells and histology slides. PTI outperforms previous label-free imaging techniques such as vector tomography, ptychography and light-field imaging in resolving the 3D orientation and symmetry of organelles, cells and tissue. We provide open-source software and modular hardware to enable the adoption of the method.

Objective To determine the contribution of pre-packaged foods to population sodium intake in China, and to propose sodium content targets for food subcategories used for the World Health Organization's (WHO's) global sodium benchmarks. Methods The impact of four different approaches to reducing the sodium content of pre-packaged foods on population sodium intake was estimated using data from national databases covering the nutrient content and ingredients of 51 803 food products and food consumption by 15 670 Chinese adults. We recategorized food products using a food categorization framework developed for WHO's global sodium benchmarks and adapted for China-specific foods. Findings Pre-packaged foods, including condiments, contributed 1302.5 mg/day of sodium intake per adult in 2021, accounting for 30.1% of population sodium intake in China. Setting maximum sodium content levels using a 90th-percentile target would reduce sodium intake from pre-packaged foods by 96.2 mg/day, corresponding to a 1.9% reduction in population intake. Using the 75th-percentile, a fixed 20% reduction and WHO benchmark targets would further reduce intake by 262.0 mg/day (5.2% population intake), 302.8 mg/day (6.0% population intake) and 701.2 mg/day per person (13.9% population intake), respectively. Maximum sodium content levels based on revised 20% reduction targets were proposed because they should result in substantial and acceptable reductions in sodium content for most food subcategories: overall sodium intake would decline by 305.0 mg/day per person, and population intake by 6.1%. Conclusion This study provides the scientific rationale for government policy on setting targets for food sodium content in China. Simultaneous action on discretionary salt use should also be taken. [Phrase omitted] Objectifs relatifs a la teneur en sodium des aliments preemballes en Chine: etude quantitative et proposition Objectif Determiner dans quelle mesure les denrees alimentaires preemballees contribuent a l'apport en sodium au sein de la population chinoise et proposer des objectifs pour en limiter la teneur parmi les sous-categories d'aliments reprises dans les criteres de reference mondiaux de l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante (OMS). Methodes Nous avons estime l'impact de quatre approches differentes visant a reduire la teneur en sodium des denrees alimentaires preemballees sur l'apport sode de la population en utilisant les informations issues de bases de donnees nationales sur la teneur en nutriments et les ingredients de 51 803 produits alimentaires ainsi que la consommation en nourriture de 15 670 adultes chinois. Nous avons reclasse les produits alimentaires a l'aide d'un systeme de categorisation des aliments developpe dans le cadre des criteres de reference mondiaux de l'OMS et adapte aux habitudes alimentaires du pays. Resultats Les denrees alimentaires preemballees, y compris les condiments, representaient un apport sode de 1302,5 mg/jour par adulte en 2021, ce qui equivaut a 30,1% de l'apport en sodium au sein de la population chinoise. Etablir un objectif fonde sur le 90e percentile afin de definir une teneur maximale en sodium permettrait de reduire l'apport sode des denrees alimentaires preemballees de 96,2 mg/jour, ce qui correspond a une diminution de 1,9% de l'apport dans la population. Utiliser le 75e percentile, une reduction fixe de 20% et les criteres de reference mondiaux de l'OMS ferait encore baisser l'apport de 262,0 mg/jour (5,2% de l'apport dans la population), 302,8 mg/jour (6,0% de l'apport dans la population) et 701,2 mg/jour par personne (13,9% de l'apport dans la population) respectivement. Enfin, une teneur maximale en sodium inspiree des nouveaux objectifs de 20% de reduction a ete proposee car elle devrait entrainer un recul considerable et acceptable de la teneur en sodium pour la plupart des sous-categories d'aliments: l'apport sode global diminuerait de 305,0 mg/jour par personne et l'apport dans la population de 6,1%. Conclusion Cette etude fournit les arguments scientifiques necessaires a la mise en reuvre d'une politique gouvernementale qui definirait des objectifs relatifs a la teneur en sodium des denrees alimentaires en Chine. Des actions concomitantes en matiere d'utilisation du sel de table et de cuisine devraient egalement etre entreprises. Objetivos sobre el contenido de sodio de los alimentos preenvasados, China: estudio cuantitativo y propuesta Objetivo Determinar como los alimentos preenvasados propician la ingesta de sodio en la poblacion China, y proponer objetivos centrados en el contenido de sodio de las subcategorias alimenticias utilizadas en las referencias mundiales de sodio de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Metodos Se evaluo la repercusion de cuatro enfoques diferentes destinados a reducir el contenido de sodio de los alimentos preenvasados en la ingesta de sodio poblacional. Para ello, se utilizo informacion de las bases de datos nacionales acerca del contenido en nutrientes y los ingredientes de 51 803 productos alimenticios, asi como sobre el consumo de alimentos de 15 670 chinos adultos. Restablecimos las categorias de los productos alimenticios utilizando un esquema de clasificacion alimenticia desarrollado para englobar las referencias mundiales de sodio de la OMS, adaptado a alimentos especificos de China. Resultados Los alimentos preenvasados, incluidos los condimentos, representaban 1302,5 mg/dia de la ingesta de sodio por adulto en 2021, lo que suponia un 30,1% de la ingesta de sodio de la poblacion China. Establecer niveles maximos de contenido en sodio utilizando como objetivo un percentil 90 reduciria la ingesta de sodio de los alimentos preenvasados en 96,2 mg/dia, lo que corresponde a una reduccion del 1,9% en la ingesta poblacional. Utilizando el percentil 75, una reduccion fija del 20% y los objetivos de referencia de la OMS se seguiria reduciendo la ingesta en 262,0 mg/dia (5,2% de la ingesta poblacional), 302,8 mg/dia (6,0% de la ingesta poblacional) y 701,2 mg/dia por persona (13,9% de la ingesta poblacional) respectivamente. Se propusieron niveles maximos de contenido en sodio basados en objetivos revisados relativos a una reduccion del 20%, lo que supondria una disminucion significativa y adecuada del contenido de sodio de la mayoria de subcategorias alimenticias: la ingesta global de sodio disminuiria en 305,0 mg/dia por persona, y la ingesta poblacional se reduciria en un 6,1%. Conclusion El presente estudio ofrece fundamentos cientificos relevantes para la politica gubernamental, acerca del establecimiento de objetivos centrados en el contenido de sodio alimenticio de productos de China. Asimismo, se deberian adoptar medidas simultaneas relativas al consumo de sal opcional., Introduction Sodium is an essential nutrient for which humans have a physiological need of as little as 200 to 500 mg/day. (1,2) The primary dietary contributor is the salt (i.e. [...]

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental-related disorders with a high genetic risk. Recently, chromatin remodeling factors have been found to be related to ASDs. "SMARCA4" is such a catalytic subunit of the chromatin-remodeling complex. In this report, we identified seven novel missense variants in the "SMARCA4" gene from eight pediatric patients. All eight patients had moderate to severe intellectual disability, and seven showed autistic/likely autistic features. Compared with the patients reported in the literature, our patients were less likely to show craniofacial or finger/toe anomalies. Our findings further supported that "SMARCA4" is associated with ASDs. We suggest that individuals with the abovementioned phenotypes should consider genetic testing.