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With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, massive amounts of sensor data in applications such as fire monitoring need to be transmitted to edge servers for timely processing. However, there is an energy-hole phenomenon in transmitting data only through terrestrial multi-hop networks. In this study, we focus on the data collection task in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted mobile edge computing (MEC) network, where a UAV is deployed as the mobile data collector for the ground sensor nodes (SNs) to ensure high information freshness. Meanwhile, the UAV is equipped with an edge server for data caching. We first establish a rigorous mathematical model in which the age of information (AoI) is used as a measure of information freshness, related to both the data collection time and the UAV's flight time. Then a mixed-integer non-convex optimization problem is formulated to minimize the peak AoI of the collected data. To solve the problem efficiently, we propose an iterative two-step algorithm named the AoI-minimized association and trajectory planning (AoI-MATP) algorithm. In each iteration, the optimal SN–collection point (CP) associations and CP locations for the parameter ε are first obtained by the affinity propagation clustering algorithm. The optimal UAV trajectory is found using an improved elite genetic algorithm. Simulation results show that based on the optimized ε , the AoI-MATP algorithm can achieve a balance between data collection time and flight time, reducing the peak AoI of the collected data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Using actor–partner interdependence modeling, this study examined the dyadic associations of marital satisfaction and harsh discipline and the mediating role of self‐compassion. Background: Harsh discipline is a negative parenting style commonly used by parents, especially Chinese parents. This parenting approach has been reported by some researchers as harmful and universal. It is important to identify the causes and internal mechanisms supporting use of harsh discipline. Method: Participants were 349 Chinese father–mother dyads with school‐age children (Mage of father = 35.4 years, SDage = 5.4 years; Mage of mother = 34.4 years, SDage = 4.9 years). Father and mother self‐reported their marital satisfaction, self‐compassion, and use of harsh discipline at three time points. Results: The results revealed that fathers' and mothers' marital satisfaction negatively predicted the fathers' and mothers' harsh discipline, respectively. However, fathers' and mothers' marital satisfaction did not significantly predict the mothers' and fathers' harsh discipline. Second, we also found that mothers' marital satisfaction positively predicted fathers' and mothers' self‐compassion, while fathers' marital satisfaction did not significantly predict the fathers' and mothers' self‐compassion. Finally, fathers' self‐compassion played a mediating role in the relationship between mothers' marital satisfaction and fathers' harsh discipline. Conclusion: Parents' marital satisfaction promotes the development of self‐compassion and reduces the use of harsh discipline. Implications: Enhancing parents' marital satisfaction may play a role in reducing parents' use of harsh discipline. The researchers highlight the importance of mothers' marital satisfaction in improving mothers' and fathers' self‐compassion, which may be an effective measure to mitigate fathers' harsh discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as flexible and stretchable materials, have attracted considerable attention in the field of novel flexible electronics due to their excellent mechanical, optical, and electronic properties. Among the various TMD materials, atomically thin MoS2 has become the most widely used material due to its advantageous properties, such as its adjustable bandgap, excellent performance, and ease of preparation. In this work, we demonstrated the practicality of a stacked wafer-scale two-layer MoS2 film obtained by transferring multiple single-layer films grown using chemical vapor deposition. The MoS2 field-effect transistor cell had a top-gated device structure with a (PI) film as the substrate, which exhibited a high on/off ratio (108), large average mobility (∼8.56 cm2 V−1 s−1), and exceptional uniformity. Furthermore, a range of flexible integrated logic devices, including inverters, NOR gates, and NAND gates, were successfully implemented via traditional lithography. These results highlight the immense potential of TMD materials, particularly MoS2, in enabling advanced flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices, which pave the way for transformative applications in future-generation electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School adjustment of left-behind children (LBC) is a significant public health issue that may affect their well-being and mental health. In China, most left-behind children have a family structure in which the father goes out to work and the mother stays at home to take care of the children. As the sole caregiver in the family, a mother who shows support or destruction to the father's parenting goals or behaviors in the process of raising children may affect the LBC's school adjustment. However, the relationship between mothers' co-parenting and LBC's school adjustment and its mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal influence of mothers' co-parenting on school adjustment of father-absent LBC, and the mediating roles of paternal and maternal attachment. 284 father-absent LBC (177 boys and 107 girls) aged 8–11 (Mage = 8.43, SDage = 0.73) from Anhui Province completed questionnaires about mothers' co-parenting, paternal and maternal attachment, and children's school adjustment at two time. The results showed that (1) mothers' positive co-parenting positively predicted LBC's social competence, and mothers' negative co-parenting positively predicted LBC's antisocial behaviors; (2) Maternal attachment mediated the relationship between mothers' co-parenting and LBC's social competence, while paternal attachment mediated the association between mothers' positive co-parenting and LBC's antisocial behaviors. This study reveals the effect of mothers' co-parenting on the school adjustment of father-absent LBC, and the unique mediating role of paternal and maternal attachment. Moreover, this research suggested that encouraging mothers to exhibit more positive co-parenting behaviors, reducing conflict and disparaging fathers, may be an effective way to promote LBC's school adjustment. Highlights: Mothers' positive co-parenting promotes the development of father-absent LBC's social competence, while mothers' negative co-parenting promotes the occurrence of father-absent LBC's antisocial behaviors. Maternal attachment mediated the relationship between mothers' co-parenting and LBC's social competence, while paternal attachment mediated the association between mothers' positive co-parenting and LBC's antisocial behaviors. This research suggested that encouraging mothers to show more positive co-parenting behaviors, reducing conflict and disparaging fathers, is beneficial to the development of maternal and paternal attachment, and further promotes father-absent LBC's school adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abundant research has shown that self‐compassion robustly contributes to adults' psychological well‐being. Meanwhile, a few studies have shown that self‐compassion is rooted in early experiences with parents. However, it is unclear whether interactions with partners and children affect adults' self‐compassion, and the role of their self‐compassion in interactions with significant others. This study examined bidirectional longitudinal relationships between Chinese parents' marital satisfaction, parenting stress, and self‐compassion following a three‐wave longitudinal design. A sample of 322 Chinese father–mother dyads (father's Mage = 35.84, SDage = 5.76; mother's Mage = 34.32, SDage = 5.46) completed a set of questionnaires at three time points. The results showed that marital satisfaction positively predicted the fathers' and mothers' self‐compassion, while parenting stress did not significantly predict the parents' self‐compassion; In contrast, parents' self‐compassion did not significantly predict marital satisfaction or parenting stress. Additionally, there was a bidirectional relationship between marital satisfaction and parenting stress in fathers and mothers. Finally, mothers' marital satisfaction positively mediated the relationship between parenting stress and self‐compassion/next‐stage parenting stress. This study revealed that adults' self‐compassion can develop from caring and supportive relationships, including marital relationships. Highlighting key mechanisms of marital satisfaction, such as increasing self‐compassion and reducing parenting stress, may contribute to the improvement of adults' mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitro compounds are widely used in modern industries. Among them, 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNH) is extremely harmful. It is of great significance to develop methods for the detection of DNH. In this work, chitosan was used as the substrate material, and fluoroborondipyrrole (BODIPY) was used as the fluorophore. Chitosan was endowed with the fluorescence sensing ability by the introduction of BODIPY units. First, BODIPY derivatives (NO-3 and BO-1) with an alkynyl group (C≡C) were synthesized. Second, small molecules NO-4 and BO-2 with an aldehyde group (–CHO) were obtained. Finally, the –NH2 groups on chitosan underwent a click reaction (–NH2/C≡C) and a Schiff base formation reaction occurred (–NH2/–CHO) to form three polymer probes C1, C2 and C3. C＝C formed in the click reaction can interact with DNH and can be used as recognizing sites for DNH. These chitosan probes have good thermal stability and could selectively recognize DNH, showing notable fluorescence quenching effects, which are visible to the naked eye. DNH is a typical electron-deficient compound, and the polymer fluorescent probe contains electron-rich groups, which makes it easier for the two species to combine and cause fluorescence changes. C1 is flexibly cross-linked, C3 is rigidly cross-linked, and C2 has a non-crosslinked structure, and they show different rheological properties. This work expands the application of chitosan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synopsis: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During infection viruses hijack host cell metabolism to promote their replication. Here, analysis of metabolite alterations in macrophages exposed to poly I:C recognises that the antiviral effector Protein Kinase RNA-activated (PKR) suppresses glucose breakdown within the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). This pathway runs parallel to central glycolysis and is critical to producing NADPH and pentose precursors for nucleotides. Changes in metabolite levels between wild-type and PKR-ablated macrophages show that PKR controls the generation of ribose 5-phosphate, in a manner distinct from its established function in gene expression but dependent on its kinase activity. PKR phosphorylates and inhibits the Ribose 5-Phosphate Isomerase A (RPIA), thereby preventing interconversion of ribulose- to ribose 5-phosphate. This activity preserves redox control but decreases production of ribose 5-phosphate for nucleotide biosynthesis. Accordingly, the PKR-mediated immune response to RNA suppresses nucleic acid production. In line, pharmacological targeting of the PPP during infection decreases the replication of the Herpes simplex virus. These results identify an immune response-mediated control of host cell metabolism and suggest targeting the RPIA as a potential innovative antiviral treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of heavy metals, such as Hg2+ and Fe3+, is of great significance. In this work, fluorescent small-molecule BODIPY (BY-3) bearing C C group was synthesized firstly. And then, the chitosan-based polymer sensor CY-1 was synthesized through the spontaneous NH 2 /C≡C click reaction. The synthesized CY-1 can effectively bind and recognize Hg2+/Hg+ by the –C=N groups formed in the click reaction. Moreover, the macromolecular sensors CS-1 and CS-2 were synthesized by incorporating another recognition sites to CY-1. These synthesized macromolecular sensors can not only recognize Hg2+/Hg+, but also effectively recognize Fe3+/Fe2+. All of them exhibited significant quenching effect, visible to the naked eye under UV irradiation. The detection limit of CY-1 for Hg2+ was 1.51 × 10−6 mol/L, and the detection limit of CS-2 for Fe3+ was 2.30 × 10−6 mol/L. The BODIPY-chitosan sensors synthesized in this work have the functions of removing heavy metal ions besides the identifying ability. The maximum adsorption capacity of 1 g chitosan to Hg2+ was 108 mg as the best one. This article provides a new method to prepare macromolecular sensors for the detection and removal of heavy metal ions. As a useful natural polymer, chitosan's application scope was enlarged. Small-molecule fluorescent monomer BODIPY(BY-3) with C C group was first synthesized. And then, the chitosan-based polymeric sensor CY-1 was synthesized through the NH 2 /C C click reaction. The synthesized macromolecular sensor could not only recognize Hg2+/Hg+, but also effectively recognize Fe3+/Fe2+. [Display omitted] • Solubility of chitosan derived polymer in H 2 O-HAc remains despite the attachment of a large organic group. • By Click reaction, BODIPY fluophores were linked to chitosan with C N, it can recognize Hg2+ and Hg+ well. • By introducing the recognition site S, it can recognize not only Hg2+/Hg+, but also Fe3+/Fe2+. • The functionalized can adsorb and remove heavy metal ions with high efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave cloud polarized observations have shown the potential to improve precipitation retrievals since they are linked to the orientation and shape of ice habits. Stratiform clouds show larger brightness temperature (TB) polarization differences (PDs), defined as the vertically polarized TB (TBV) minus the horizontally polarized TB (TBH), with ~10 K PD values at 89 GHz due to the presence of horizontally aligned snowflakes, while convective regions show smaller PD signals, as graupel and/or hail in the updraft tend to become randomly oriented. The launch of the global precipitation measurement (GPM) microwave imager (GMI) has extended the availability of microwave polarized observations to higher frequencies (166 GHz) in the tropics and midlatitudes, previously only available up to 89 GHz. This study analyzes one year of GMI observations to explore further the previously reported stable relationship between the PD and the observed TBs at 89 and 166 GHz, respectively. The latitudinal and seasonal variability is analyzed to propose a cloud scattering polarization parameterization of the PD-TB relationship, capable of reconstructing the PD signal from simulated TBs. Given that operational radiative transfer (RT) models do not currently simulate the cloud polarized signals, this is an alternative and simple solution to exploit the large number of cloud polarized observations available. The atmospheric radiative transfer simulator (ARTS) is coupled with the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model, in order to apply the proposed parameterization to the RT simulated TBs and hence infer the corresponding PD values, which show to reproduce the observed GMI PDs well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human patients often experience an episode of serious seizure activity, such as status epilepticus (SE), prior to the onset of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), suggesting that SE can trigger the development of epilepsy. Yet, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein (Lrp4), a receptor for proteoglycan-agrin, has been indicated to modulate seizure susceptibility. However, whether agrin-Lrp4 pathway also plays a role in the development of SE-induced TLE is not clear. Methods: Lrp4f/f mice were crossed with hGFAP-Cre and Nex-Cre mice to generate brain conditional Lrp4 knockout mice (hGFAP-Lrp4−/−) and pyramidal neuron specific knockout mice (Nex-Lrp4−/−). Lrp4 was specifically knocked down in hippocampal astrocytes by injecting AAV virus carrying hGFAP-Cre into the hippocampus. The effects of agrin-Lrp4 pathway on the development of SE-induced TLE were evaluated on the chronic seizure model generated by injecting kainic acid (KA) into the amygdala. The spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) in mice were video monitored. Results: We found that Lrp4 deletion from the brain but not from the pyramidal neurons elevated the seizure threshold and reduced SRS numbers, with no change in the stage or duration of SRS. More importantly, knockdown of Lrp4 in the hippocampal astrocytes after SE induction decreased SRS numbers. In accord, direct injection of agrin into the lateral ventricle of control mice but not mice with Lrp4 deletion in hippocampal astrocytes also increased the SRS numbers. These results indicate a promoting effect of agrin-Lrp4 signaling in hippocampal astrocytes on the development of SE-induced TLE. Last, we observed that knockdown of Lrp4 in hippocampal astrocytes increased the extracellular adenosine levels in the hippocampus 2 weeks after SE induction. Blockade of adenosine A1 receptor in the hippocampus by DPCPX after SE induction diminished the effects of Lrp4 on the development of SE-induced TLE. Conclusion: These results demonstrate a promoting role of agrin-Lrp4 signaling in hippocampal astrocytes in the development of SE-induced development of epilepsy through elevating adenosine levels. Targeting agrin-Lrp4 signaling may serve as a potential therapeutic intervention strategy to treat TLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Sleep problems are a significant risk factor for identifying and preventing suicidal involvement among adolescents. However, there is limited evidence to assess the underlying mechanisms between them. This study investigated the longitudinal relationship between sleep problems and suicidal behavior and examined whether this relationship was moderated by negative emotions, low self‐control, and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). Methods: From December 2020 onward, we assessed 1214 Chinese secondary school adolescents (60.7% were boys, aged 13–19 years) three times, 6 months apart. Results: In the direct effects model, sleep problems were found to have a positive impact on adolescent suicidal behavior. In the indirect effects model, we observed that sleep problems were associated with an elevated risk of suicidal behavior through several pathways: one‐mediator path of negative emotions, low self‐control, and NSSI, respectively; two‐mediator path of negative emotions via low self‐control, negative emotions via NSSI, and low self‐control via NSSI, and three‐mediator path from negative emotions to NSSI via low self‐control. Conclusions: This longitudinal study provides evidence that sleep problems in adolescents may increase suicidal behavior by exacerbating negative emotions, weakening self‐control, and promoting NSSI. The findings suggest sleep problems should be addressed in suicide prevention and intervention efforts for adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Left‐behind childre (LBC) in China are deeply concerned by society because of their high risk of emotional and behavioral problems. Depression and nonsuicidal self‐injury are the most harmful and worrying negative emotional and behavioral problems in LBC. Unfortunately, LBCs are in unfavorable environments for a long time and are prone to negative interpersonal interactions. Child maltreatment and bullying victimization, as the two most typical negative interpersonal interactions in family and school environments, maybe the key risk factors for depression and nonsuicidal self‐injury among LBCs. However, we are less known of the longitudinal effects of child maltreatment and bullying victimization on LBC's depression and nonsuicidal self‐injury and their underlying mechanisms. Aims: This study used a two‐year longitudinal design with three‐time points to investigate the longitudinal effects of child maltreatment and bullying victimization on depression, nonsuicidal self‐injury, and the mediating role of negative thoughts and self‐compassion. Materials & Methods: A sample of 592 LBC (390 were males, Mage at time 1 = 9.56, SDage = 0.65; 202 were females, Mage at time 1 = 9.43, SDage = 0.63) completed a set of questionnaires at three‐time points. This study used SPSS software (version 25.0) and MPLUS software (version 8.3) for all analyses. Results: (1) Child maltreatment not only affects depression and nonsuicidal self‐injury but also affects depression and nonsuicidal self‐injury through negative thoughts. Child maltreatment affects depression through self‐compassion and does not affect nonsuicidal self‐injury. (2) Bullying victimization affects depression and nonsuicidal self‐injury through negative thoughts and bullying victimization further affects depression through self‐compassion but does not affect nonsuicidal self‐injury. Conclusion: This study revealed the effects of negative interpersonal interactions (child maltreatment, bullying victimization) on LBC's adverse emotions and behaviors, and their underlying mechanisms, which helps to provide parents, schools, and psychoeducational workers with a new perspective on intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed-ligand metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are usually synthesized from two or more organic ligands as initial reactants, and MOFs synthesized from one organic ligand precursor through partial in situ reactions remain very limited. Herein, by introducing an imidazole-tetrazole bifunctional ligand, 5-(4-imidazol-1-yl-phenyl)-2H-tetrazole (HIPT), as a single ligand and performing in situ hydrolysis of the tetrazolium group, a mixed-ligand Co(II)-MOF based on HIPT and 4-imidazol-1-yl-benzoic acid (HIBA), [Co2(μ3-O)(IPT)(IBA)]·x solvent (Co-IPT-IBA), was constructed and applied to capture I2 and methyl iodide vapours. Single crystal structural analyses reveal that Co-IPT-IBA exhibits a 3D porous framework with 1D channels based on the relatively few reported ribbon-like rod SBUs. The nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms indicate that the BET surface area of Co-IPT-IBA is 168.5 m2 g−1 and it possesses both micropores and mesopores. Due to its porosity, nitrogen-rich conjugated aromatic rings, and Co(II) ions, Co-IPT-IBA was applied to capture iodine molecules in vapour and exhibited an adsorption capacity of 2.88 g g−1. By combining the IR, Raman, XPS and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation results, it was deduced that the tetrazole ring, coordination water molecules, and the redox potential of Co3+/Co2+ facilitate iodine capture. The presence of mesopores was also responsible for the high iodine adsorption capacity. In addition, Co-IPT-IBA showed the ability to capture methyl iodide in vapours with a moderate capacity of 625 mg g−1. The transformation of crystalline Co-IPT-IBA to amorphous MOFs may be due to the methylation reaction. This work represents a relatively rare example of methyl iodide adsorption by MOFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have shown that co-parenting plays an important role in marital and parent-child interactions. However, little is known about the bidirectional associations between positive co-parenting and marital and parent-child factors, as well as the dynamic underlying mechanisms. This study used cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) to explore the bidirectional longitudinal relationship between positive co-parenting, marital satisfaction, and parental involvement among Chinese parents from a positive family multiple systems perspective. A sample of 668 father-mother dyads (father's M age = 36.47, SD age = 5.34; mother's M age = 35.45, SD age = 5.07) completed a series of questionnaires at three time points (approximately spaced 1 year between each time point). The results showed that positive co-parenting positively predicted marital satisfaction and parental involvement and that marital satisfaction positively influenced parents' positive co-parenting, whereas the effect of parental involvement on positive co-parenting was significant among fathers. Additionally, fathers' marital satisfaction can affect their involvement, but this effect is negligible among mothers. Finally, parental marital satisfaction mediated the relationship between positive co-parenting and the next stage of positive co-parenting. This study provided new ideas and interventions to strengthen family cohesion and harmony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual dimorphism exists in the onset and development of type 1 diabetes (T1D), but its potential pathological mechanism is poorly understood. In the present study, we examined sex-specific changes in the gut microbiome and host metabolome of T1D mice via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics approach, and aimed to investigate potential mechanism of the gut microbiota-host metabolic interaction in the sexual dimorphism of T1D. Our results demonstrate that female mice had a greater shift in the gut microbiota than male mice during the development of T1D; however, host metabolome was more susceptible to T1D in male mice. The correlation network analysis indicates that T1D-induced host metabolic changes may be regulated by the gut microbiota in a sex-specific manner, mainly involving short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and choline metabolism. Therefore, our study suggests that sex-dependent "gut microbiota-host metabolism axis" may be implicated in the sexual dimorphism of T1D, and the link between microbes and metabolites might contribute to the prevention and treatment of T1D. • Male mice have more typical type 1 diabetic symptoms than female mice. • The gut microbial shifts are more significant in female mice during T1D progress. • Male mice show larger changes in serum/liver metabolism during T1D progress. • Host metabolism may be modulated by the gut microbiota in a sex-specific manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D semiconductors have emerged as candidates for next‐generation electronics. However, previously reported 2D transistors which typically employ the gate‐first process to fabricate a back‐gate (BG) configuration while neglecting the thorough impact on the dielectric capping layer, are severely constrained in large‐scale manufacturing and compatibility with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. In this study, dual‐gate (DG) field‐effect transistors have been realized based on wafer‐scale monolayer MoS2 and the gate‐last processing, which avoids the transfer process and utilizes an optimized top‐gate (TG) dielectric stack, rendering it highly compatible with CMOS technology. Subsequently, the physical mechanism of TG dielectric deposition and the corresponding controllable threshold voltage (VTH) shift is investigated. Then the fabricated TG‐devices with a large on/off ratio up to 1.7 × 109, negligible hysteresis (≈14 mV), and favorable stability. Additionally, encapsulated TG structured photodetectors have been demonstrated which exhibit photo responsivity (R) up to 9.39 × 103 A W−1 and detectivity (D*) ≈2.13 × 1013 Jones. The result paves the way for future CMOS‐compatible integration of 2D semiconductors for complex multifunctional IC applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the effects of Rare-Earth (RE) doping (Y, Gd, Dy, Yb) in HfO2 on the interface chemistry and leakage current conduction mechanism of Ge-MOS devices have been explored. The electrical experimental results have indicated that ${\text{HfREO}}_{\!{x}}$ (RE = Gd and Dy) show excellent performance, including the reduced flat-band voltage, almost disappeared hysteresis, and the decreased leakage current, which can be attributed to the tradeoff of performance between lanthanide-based oxides and HfO2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements also display that ${\text{HfGdO}}_{\!{x}}$ and ${\text{HfDyO}}_{\!{x}}$ gate dielectrics can effectively inhibit the formation of unstable Ge suboxides and low- ${k}$ germanate interface layer, leading to the reduced defect state at/near the interface and the improved electrical performance. In addition, the doping element-dependent leakage current conduction mechanism of Ge-based MOS devices under low temperature has been investigated systematically. As a result, it can be inferred that RE doping has a significant impact on Hf-based MOS capacitors, and Hf-based gate dielectrics doped with heavy RE elements show excellent application prospects in future microelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we employed the chain mediation model to examine the associations between teacher-student relationships, resilience, learning engagement, and subjective happiness among left-behind children (LBC). A sample of 431 LBC from southwestern China was assessed at three different time points at six-month intervals. The Subjective Happiness Scale, Teacher-Student Relationship Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Learning Engagement Questionnaire were utilised for measurement purposes. The findings revealed that the subjective happiness of LBC was influenced by their teacher-student relationships through the separate pathways of resilience and learning engagement. Moreover, the teacher-student relationship could predict LBC's subjective happiness either via a pathway from resilience to learning engagement or through a pathway from learning engagement to resilience. This study underscores the crucial role of teachers in facilitating positive development among LBC and highlights implications for policymakers to prioritise quality training for teachers in rural primary schools. By enhancing childhood teachers' understanding of key factors influencing children's positive development, appropriate strategies can be implemented effectively to support LBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An improved PCE was acquired by incorporating block copolymer (PS-b-PAA) in devices with enhanced light absorption, optimized morphology and enhanced face-on orientation. • Optimized morphology of active layer induces enhanced charge transport, suppressed bimolecular recombination and monomolecular recombination or trap-assisted recombination. • Providing a guiding role for the further development of manipulating BHJ morphology with block copolymers. Additive treatment is an effective method for manipulating the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photoactive layer morphology of polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this work, block copolymer, polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA), was elaborately selected (according to Flory–Huggins theory) as an additive for active layer to manipulate the BHJ morphology and to enhance the photovoltaic performance of devices. As results, with a PS-b-PAA concentration of 0.4 mg/ml, the corresponding devices achieve a significant power conversion efficiency (PCE) improvement to 13.08%. By systematically analysis, the improved PCE can be ascribed to more appreciate phase separation induced by incorporation of PS-b-PAA. For the instance of the photovoltaic physical process, more suitable morphology can induce improved charge transport efficiency, suppressed bimolecular recombination and monomolecular recombination or trap-assisted recombination. In comparing, the photovoltaic performance of devices with PS-b-PAA is obviously better than that of devices with insulating polymer polystyrene (PS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA). Hence, this work checks the morphology manipulation effects of block copolymer PS-b-PAA and provides an effective and facile method to improve the morphology and photovoltaic performances of PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been extensively investigated in the field of optoelectronic devices. However, most reported MoS2 phototransistors are fabricated using the mechanical exfoliation method to obtain micro-scale MoS2 flakes, which is laboratory- feasible but not practical for the future industrial fabrication of large-scale pixel arrays. Recently, wafer-scale MoS2 growth has been rapidly developed, but few results of uniform large-scale photoelectric devices were reported. Here, we designed a 12 × 12 pixels pixel array image sensor fabricated on a 2 cm × 2 cm monolayer MoS2 film grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The photogating effect induced by the formation of trap states ensures a high photoresponsivity of 364 AW−1, which is considerably superior to traditional CMOS sensors (≈0.1 AW−1). Experimental results also show highly uniform photoelectric properties in this array. Finally, the concatenated image obtained by laser lighting stencil and photolithography mask demonstrates the promising potential of 2D MoS2 for future optoelectrical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The public-private partnership (PPP) has emerged as a promising financing approach to effectively alleviate the financial burden on governments involved in watershed ecological compensation (WEC) projects. This study specifically focuses on the WECPPP project in China's Chishui River Basin (CSRB) and employs a tripartite evolutionary game model to examine sustainable cooperative behavior among social capital, governmental regulatory entity, and the general public. To ascertain the evolutionary stability strategy (ESS), replicated dynamic equations and equilibrium point stability analysis are then solved. Lastly, a numerical illustration grounded in the WECPPP-CSRB project is utilized as empirical evidence to validate the theoretical findings and substantiate ensuing recognitions: the game model elucidates the presence of eight equilibrium points, while delineating four potential ESSs, each discerned through stakeholder-oriented cost-benefit assessments; stringent government regulations play a pivotal role in coordinating stakeholder interests in the WECPPP-CSRB project, thereby safeguarding both ecological integrity and economic gains; and the optimization of the income distribution mechanism coupled with the augmentation of performance-linked subsidies is acknowledged as imperative measures for ensuring the long-term viability of the WECPPP-CSRB project. The findings thus not only provide a comprehensive analysis of the effective approach and insights into fostering sustainable cooperation among multiple stakeholders in the WECPPP project, but also proffer invaluable recommendations for enhancing incentives, refining regulatory frameworks, and attaining favorable market outcomes. • Proposing a tripartite evolutionary game for the WECPPP project. • Strategy performance observed through continuous dynamic interactions. • State-driven governance pivotal for WECPPP success. • Validation of theoretical findings using China's Chishui River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research indicates that the association between self-compassion and interpersonal relationships might be reciprocal. Many studies suggest that self-compassion originated from early parent-child attachment. As one of the earliest forms of interpersonal relationships, parent-child attachment may be influenced by self-compassion. Our study used a cross-lagged method to explore the reciprocal relationship between parent-child attachment and children's self-compassion. A total of 808 children (M age = 9.58, SD = 0.95) participated in three follow-up surveys (T1 started in November 2018, T2 in May 2019, T3 in May 2020). The results indicated that there was a reciprocal relationship between mother-child/father-child attachment and self-compassion. Compared to father-child attachment, the reciprocal relationship between mother-child attachment and self-compassion was more stable. Meanwhile, both T1 mother-child and father-child attachment could influence T3 mother-child attachment through T2 children's self-compassion, indicating a dynamic virtuous circle in the family system. Our study provided implications for family education that building positive parent-child relationships was a great start to promoting healthy family functioning. • There is a reciprocal relationship between parental attachment and self-compassion. • There are differences between mothers and fathers in the development of children. • The link between mothers and child's self-compassion is more stable than fathers. • Parent-child attachment are important to promote virtuous circles within the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exorbitant substrates for Schizochytrium culture result in the high cost of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production. In order to develop a feasible approach that is expected to reduce DHA production cost, Schizochytrium sp. S31 cultivation with a mixture of saline wastewater (SWW) and tofu whey wastewater (TWW) was investigated in this study. Using glucose as the carbon source, the maximum biomass and DHA yield in cultures using mixed wastewater containing 5% SWW reached 19.08 and 2.66 g/L, respectively, which were 2.29 and 2.66 times higher than those of cultures using control medium. Moreover, a good wastewater treatment performance was achieved as approximately 60% of the COD, TN, and TP were reduced in the cultures using mixed wastewater with a SWW ratio of 5%. The mixed wastewater presented better performance on DHA production than control medium using all tested carbon sources including glucose, fructose, and pure and crude glycerol. The components of control medium can be completely replaced by the mixed wastewater and crude glycerol. It is expected to effectively decrease the medium cost for DHA production and reduce the environmental risk of food processing wastewater. [Display omitted] • The mixed wastewater greatly enhanced the growth of Schizochytrium sp. S31. • The DHA yield was increased by 2.66 times using mixed wastewater added glucose. • About 60% of COD, TN, and TP were reduced from the mixed wastewater. • The medium components can be completely replaced by wastewater and crude glycerol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]