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High-quality rice flour is the foundation for the production of various rice-based products. Milling is an essential step in obtaining rice flour, during which significant changes occur in the physicochemical and quality characteristics of the flour. Although rice flour obtained through mainstream wet milling methods exhibits superior quality, low production efficiency and wastewater discharge limit the development of the industry. Dry milling, on the other hand, conserves water resources, but adversely affects flour performance due to excessive heat generation. As an emerging powder-making technique, semi-dry milling offers a promising solution by enhancing flour quality and reducing environmental impact. This is achieved by minimizing soaking time through hot air treatment while reducing mechanical energy consumption to reach saturated water absorption levels. However, continuous production remains a challenge. This comprehensive review summarizes the effects of various milling technologies on rice flour properties and product qualities. It also discusses key control indicators and technical considerations for rice flour processing equipment and processes.

Excavation often results in a decrease in the stability level of natural and manmade slopes. To address this issue, a new reinforcement method––structuralized cementation––has recently been introduced to reinforce coarse-grained soil slopes. However, previous studies have not adequately considered the interaction between excavation and structuralized cementation. Consequently, in this study, a series of centrifuge model tests were conducted to investigate the deformation and failure characteristics of structuralized cemented slopes under excavation conditions. It was found that structuralized cemented slopes exhibit significant progressive failure from bottom to top when subjected to excavation. The depth of the slip surface and the safety limit of the structuralized cemented slope increases with an increase in the extent of the solidification zone. During the failure process, slope deformation occurs inside a limited region that expands toward the interior of the slope. Structuralized cementation induces a nonuniform distribution of displacement direction and increases the dilatancy extent of the potential slip surface. The failure mechanism of structuralized cemented slopes can be explained by the significant coupling processes of deformation localization and local failure, which may also elucidate the variation in the position and shape of the slip surface of the slope from using different cement contents. Structuralized cementation reinforces slopes by weakening and delaying the deformation localization of the slope under excavation conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an ultra-wide-angle and broadband metamaterial absorber with a monopole top loading structure (MA-MTLS) was proposed. The resistive films printed on the dielectric are on the top layer. The dielectric square cylindrical shells with resistive films on the outside are in the middle, and a metal plate is on the bottom layer. The whole structure can be regarded as a top loading monopole antenna that has a good omnidirectional radiation capability. According to reciprocity, when a composite structure is used as an absorber, it will have a good absorption performance. The impedance matching characteristics were demonstrated by Smith chart and equivalent circuit, and then, the absorption performance was optimized. The simulated results show that the absorption of the MA-MTLS is more than 90% under TM polarized waves of 3.6–13.8 GHz as the incident angle changes from 0° to 80°. When the incident angle increases to 83°, the absorption is higher than 80% in the frequency band of 3.7–14.5 GHz. At the stage of experiment, the dielectric substrate was made by three-dimensional printing technology, the resistive films on the top layer were printed using screen printing techniques, and the resistive films on the outside of the square cylindrical shells were completed by pasting. The consistency between the experimental results and simulation data indicates that the design method is feasible and has good application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]