Search

A pesca amadora é uma das atividades de lazer mais praticadas em todo o mundo e, no Brasil, é uma atividade socioeconômica relevante em diversas populações costeiras. A gestão desta prática deve conciliar o conhecimento tradicional, a pesquisa científica e as demandas envolvidas no uso do espaço e dos recursos pesqueiros para a geração de emprego e renda, sem prejuízos à biodiversidade. Este artigo apresenta uma análise da pesca amadora na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentávelda Barra do Una por meio de dados primários, bibliográficos e resultados de oficinas participativas, visando gerar informações e discussões pertinentes à gestão pesqueira integrada no Mosaico de Unidades de Conservação Juréia-Itatins, litoral sul de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Os principais serviços prestados à pesca amadora e estruturados no território são as atividades de guias de pesca ou piloteiros, comércio de iscas vivas e aluguel de barcos, enquanto a hospedagem e alimentação ainda requerem organização. Centropomus parallelus e C. undecimalissão espécies-alvo, e o perfil dos praticantes –sistematizado a partir da literatura científica – demonstra certos padrões relacionados a idade, tempo de pescaria e local de origem. Quanto ao uso do espaço, dos 40 pontos de pesca identificados, apenas nove utilizados por amadores se sobrepõem aos utilizados por pescadores artesanais, o que pode indicar pouca disputa pelos recursos entre as categorias de pescadores. A pesquisa científica, o engajamento dos gestores e a participação da comunidade local contribuíram para o ordenamento da pesca amadora na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Barra do Una, demonstrando que a gestão participativa promoveu a interação entre os diferentes usuários dos recursos pesqueiros, favorecendo o desenvolvimento da pesca amadora e atendendo às expectativas socioeconômicas e culturais da comunidade local.

This paper presents two control design strategies for voltage regulation in a single inductor dual-output DC-DC buck converter system. Based on a nominal multiple input multiple output plant model and performance requirements, both a Linear Quadratic Regulator and a Decoupled PI control law are designed to control the power converter system under parametric uncertainties such as voltage source variation, constant power load variation, and load resistance variation. Therefore, the converter can cascade operation, which may cause the undesired effects of voltage oscillation and reduce the system’s stability margin. The control performance was assessed under both the uncertainties of resistive loading and the power variation in a constant power load. A single inductor dual-output DC-DC buck converter board was developed for experimental tests. The experimental results show that the Linear Quadratic Regulator strategy, compared to the PI strategy, presented a robust performance in the presence of parametric uncertainties in the resistive load-bearing; however, it was sensitive to uncertainties due to the presence of constant power loads.

Market-driven closures of coal mines have typically been associated with negative economic consequences for the affected regions. In Germany, structural policy directed towards ameliorating the negative effects of hard coal decline in the Ruhr area lagged behind the onset of decline, caused major political conflicts, and has been variously criticized for its reactive character that failed to generate a positive image of the future. The phase-out of lignite coal in Germany, in contrast, is policy-driven and accompanied from the outset by compensatory and investment policies that strive to facilitate regional structural change proactively. Against this backdrop, we investigate how the policies of lignite coal phase-out initiated in 2018 and the accompanying public discourse affect the economic worries of individuals in the remaining three lignite coal mining areas in Germany. We focus on the period 2016–2021, using a longitudinal multilevel design based on regional and individual data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). Overall, probabilities of strong economic worries decrease throughout the observed period. Results show that subjective economic worries do not significantly differ between residents of lignite mining regions and those in the rest of the country. Further robustness analyses confirm that the coal phase-out policy has not increased economic uncertainties in the populations of German lignite mining regions. Based on our results, we discuss the need for future research on the effects of policy designs of clean energy transitions on subjective perceptions of the future.

The amount of free ions, ion pairs, and higher aggregate of the possible species present in a solution during the gold(I)-catalyzed alkoxylation of unsaturated hydrocarbon, i.e., ISIP (inner sphere ion pair) [(NHC)AuX] and OSIP (outer sphere ion pairs) [(NHC)Au(TME)X] [NHC 1,3-bis(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene; TME = tetramethylethylene (2,3-bis methyl-butene); X− = Cl−, BF4−, OTf−; and OTs− BArF4− (ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)], has been determined. The 1H and 19F DOSY NMR measurements conducted in catalytic conditions indicate that the dissociation degree (α) of the equilibrium ion pair/free ions {[(NHC)Au(TME)X] [(NHC)Au(TME)]+ + X−} depends on the nature of the counterion (X−) when chloroform is the catalytic solvent: while the compounds containing OTs− and OTf− as the counterion gave a low α (which means a high number of ion pairs) of 0.13 and 0.24, respectively, the compounds containing BF4− and BArF4− showed higher α values of 0.36 and 0.32, respectively. These results experimentally confirm previous deductions based on catalytic and theoretical data: the lower the α value, the greater the catalytic activity because the anion that can activate methanol during a nucleophilic attack, although the lower propensity to activate methanol of BF4− and BArF4−, as suggested by the DFT calculations, cannot be completely overlooked. As for the effect of the solvent, α increases as the dielectric constant increases, as expected, and in particular, green solvents with high dielectric constants show a very high α (0.90, 0.84, 0.80, and 0.70 for propylene carbonate, γ-valerolactone, acetone, and methanol, respectively), thus confirming that the moderately high activity of NHC-Au-OTf in these solvents is due to the specific effect of polar functionalities (O-H, C=O, O-R) in activating methanol. Finally, the DOSY measurements conducted in p-Cymene show the formation of quadrupole species: under these conditions, the anion can better exercise its ‘template’ and ‘activating’ roles, giving the highest TOF.

The cyclometalated terpyridine complexes [Ru(η2-OAc)(NC-tpy)(PP)] (PP = dppb 1, (R,R)-Skewphos 4, (S,S)-Skewphos 5) are easily obtained from the acetate derivatives [Ru(η2-OAc)2(PP)] (PP = dppb, (R,R)-Skewphos 2, (S,S)-Skewphos 3) and tpy in methanol by elimination of AcOH. The precursors 2, 3 are prepared from [Ru(η2-OAc)2(PPh3)2] and Skewphos in cyclohexane. Conversely, the NNN complexes [Ru(η1-OAc)(NNN-tpy)(PP)]OAc (PP = (R,R)-Skewphos 6, (S,S)-Skewphos 7) are synthesized in a one pot reaction from [Ru(η2-OAc)2(PPh3)2], PP and tpy in methanol. The neutral NC-tpy 1, 4, 5 and cationic NNN-tpy 6, 7 complexes catalyze the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone (S/C = 1000) in 2-propanol with NaOiPr under light irradiation at 30 °C. Formation of (S)-1-phenylethanol has been observed with 4, 6 in a MeOH/iPrOH mixture, whereas the R-enantiomer is obtained with 5, 7 (50–52% ee). The tpy complexes show cytotoxic activity against the anaplastic thyroid cancer 8505C and SW1736 cell lines (ED50 = 0.31–8.53 µM), with the cationic 7 displaying an ED50 of 0.31 µM, four times lower compared to the enantiomer 6.

The qualitative impact of pollutants on water quality is mainly related to their nature and their concentration, but in any case, they determine a strong impact on the involved ecosystems. In particular, refractory organic compounds represent a critical challenge, and several degradation processes have been studied and developed for their removal. Among them, heterogeneous Fenton treatment is a promising technology for wastewater and liquid waste remediation. Here, we have developed mono- and bimetallic formulations based on Co, Cu, Fe, and Mn, which were investigated for the degradation of three model organic dyes (methylene blue, rhodamine B, and malachite green). The treated samples were then analyzed by means of UV-vis spectrophotometry techniques. Bimetallic iron-based materials achieved almost complete degradation of all three model molecules in very short time. The Mn-Fe catalyst resulted in the best formulation with an almost complete degradation of methylene blue and malachite green at pH 5 in 5 min and of rhodamine B at pH 3 in 30 min. The results suggest that these formulations can be applied for the treatment of a broad range of liquid wastes comprising complex and variable organic pollutants. The investigated catalysts are extremely promising when compared to other systems reported in the literature.

Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy actually represents the standard of care for multiple relapsed or refractory primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (r/r PMBCL). Checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab, appear to be a safe and effective treatment strategy for patients who are ineligible for or resistant to autologous stem cell transplantation. Although preclinical studies suggested that checkpoint inhibitors may enhance the vitality and anti-tumor activity of CAR T cells, there are no substantial/robust clinical data about the immune-mediated toxicity of their association. We describe a case of a severe cutaneous adverse event arising immediately after Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) on day +6 from CAR T cells infusion in a young r/r PMBCL patient who previously received pembrolizumab. These skin lesions were interpreted as an immune mediated adverse event, considering their prompt improvement and fully recovering achieved with the addition of immunoglobulin infusion to systemic steroid therapy. This case of life-threatening cutaneous adverse event calls for further investigations about off-target immune-related adverse events deriving from the combination of CAR T cell therapy and checkpoint inhibition, whose synergic therapeutic effect is promising.

Artisanal fishing on Fernando de Noronha is directly related to fishing for bait, since commercial fishing depends on these baits. This work aimed to analyze the local ecological knowledge of fishermen about the biology and ecology of the fish species used as bait on Fernando de Noronha (state of Pernambuco - PE) to support the planning of the local activity. Data collection was carried out through interviews with semi-structured scripts containing questions about the socio-economic profile of the fishermen and the biological and ecological aspects of the species used as bait. The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, seeking to represent a consensus among the informants and to compare the local ecological knowledge with the scientific literature through the method of comparative cognition and the hypothesis test. Sixty-nine fishermen were interviewed, using false herrings (Harengula clupeola) and mackerel scads (Decapterus macarellus) as their main bait fish, in still fishing and fishing using boats. The hypothesis test, applied to the mentioned results by more than 30% of the fishermen, showed a high degree of agreement between local ecological knowledge and the scientific literature, revealing detailed knowledge of the fishermen on the biological and ecological aspects of false herrings and mackerel scads. Catching bait fish on Fernando de Noronha proved to be extremely important, both for the relationship with artisanal fishing and for the maintenance of local knowledge and culture. The results obtained in this research should foster a very much-needed dialogue between fishermen and those responsible for managing conservation units to create legal and effective mechanisms to meet the demand for bait fish used in commercial fishing and to maintain a sustainable artisanal fishing model for Fernando de Noronha.

This work presents a hybridization of the Generalized Minimum Variance Control (GMVC) with Parametric Robust Control (RPC) for Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Uncertain Systems. A linear parametric uncertainties model describes the system’s dynamic behavior. The controller synthesis is based on a PID controller with a low-pass filter and formulated as a convex optimization problem that considers the desired closed-loop performance and the uncertainties of the model parameters. The robust controller gains represent the best solution for all possible models and assign the closed-loop poles within the desired region in the s-plane and are transferred to GMVC by Tustin’s method, resulting in a parametric robust generalized minimum variance (PRGMV) controller. It was compared to two other approaches, carrying out several simulation essays in a Matlab environment. The performance index and sensitivity analysis highlight the controller’s performance and efficiency. The results confirmed that the proposed controller ensures better robustness and performance for reference tracking and disturbance rejection.

Abstract Background KPC-K.pneumoniae bloodstream infection (KPC-KpBSI) mortality rate in patients with hematological malignancies is reported about 60%. The initial treatment active against KPC-K.pneumoniae is crucial for survival and KPC-K.pneumoniae rectal colonization usually precedes KPC-KpBSI. We evaluated the impact on KPC-KpBSI mortality of the preemptive use of antibiotics active against KPC-K.pneumoniae, as opposed to inactive or standard empiric antibiotics, for the empiric treatment of febrile neutropenia episodes in patients with hematological malignancy identified as KPC-K.pneumoniae intestinal carriers. Methods We compared the outcomes of KPC-KpBSIs occurring in high-risk hematological patients known to be colonized with KPC-K.pneumoniae, during two time periods: March2012-December2013 (Period 1, initial approach to KPC-K.pneumoniae spread) and January2017-October2018 (Period 2, full application of the preemptive strategy). The relative importance of the various prognostic factors that could influence death rates were assessed by forward stepwise logistic regression models. Results KPC-KpBSI-related mortality in hematological patients identified as KPC-K.pneumoniae carriers dropped from 50% in Period 1 to 6% in Period 2 (p

Introducción. El sexado de las plantas de papaya (Carica papaya L.) en plantaciones comerciales se suele hacer de forma visual una vez que la planta emite la flor. También existen procedimientos biotecnológicos como la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR), utilizados para detectar a edades tempranas el sexo de la papaya, sin embargo, ambos métodos mencionados presentan una serie de inconvenientes entre ellos los falsos positivos. Objetivo. Identificar el sexo en plántulas de papaya con marcadores SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) de alto grado de precisión. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se realizó en la Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno de la Universidad de Costa Rica, durante los meses de febrero a octubre del año 2020. Se evaluaron ocho marcadores SNP en plantas de papaya de sexo conocido mediante la técnica HRMA (siglas en inglés: High Resolution Melting Analysis), se escogió el mejor y se reevaluó en dos poblaciones del programa de mejora genética de este cultivo, las plantas sexadas se sembraron en campo para comparar el sexado molecular con el real en campo. Resultados. Varios de los marcadores SNP evaluados fueron polimórficos y podrían ser usados para identificar el sexo en la papaya, sin embargo, el marcador CpSERK_HRM_34704 fue el que se ajustó más a los criterios de selección. Conclusión. Para el caso del híbrido de papaya Pococí y poblaciones de mejora emparentadas con el mismo, el marcador CpSERK_HRM_34704 mostró un 100 % de precisión entre le sexado molecular de las plántulas en el almácigo con la técnica HRM y el sexo real de las mismas plantas sembradas en el campo.

The selective oxidation of primary alcohols into their corresponding carbonyl compounds is challenging because of the easy over oxidization to acids and esters. The traditional reaction requires large amounts of solvent and oxidant, causing serious environmental issues. Recently, several efforts have been made to transform the reaction into a more sustainable process. Here, we investigated the solvent-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol using air as a green oxidant in the presence of ruthenium supported on alumina and zirconia, thereby meeting atom economy and environmental requirements. The materials were extensively characterized and, in addition to their activity, selectivity, and reusability, the environmental sustainability of the process was assessed according to green chemistry metrics. XRD, TEM, and XPS analyses suggest that the formation of metallic Ru on the support plays a key role in the catalytic activity. Ru supported on alumina, after a reduction treatment, achieves good activity (62% conversion) and a complete selectivity in a very sustainable process (without a solvent and with air as oxidant), as indicated by the very low E-factor value. The formulation is very stable and maintains high activity after recycling.

O desenvolvimento da pesca esportiva pode proporcionar benefícios sociais e econômicos às populações locais, contudo gera impactos negativos ao meio ambiente se não houver gestão efetiva. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as contribuições do conhecimento ecológico local para o ordenamento da pesca esportiva e conservação de robalos na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (RDS) Barra do Una, Peruíbe/SP. Foram entrevistados 27 pescadores artesanais, envolvidos com a pesca esportiva, através de questionários semiestruturados contendo questões sobre dados socioeconômicos, atividade pesqueira, conhecimento ecológico local e as relações com a pesca esportiva, especialmente sobre prestação de serviços e aspectos referentes a conservação dos robalos. A pesca esportiva tem se tornado uma alternativa de renda para as famílias de pescadores artesanais da Barra do Una, que aplicam seus conhecimentos sobre os recursos pesqueiros nesta nova prática. A pesca esportiva na RDS Barra do Una tem potencialidades como atividade de lazer e geração de renda através das atividades associadas ao turismo de pesca. Essa característica é bastante representativa tanto para os turistas que visitam a região quanto para os próprios moradores locais. Porém, fica clara a necessidade de ordenamento desta atividade para o alcance do seu potencial de conservação ambiental e desenvolvimento socioeconômico local. Assim, foram propostas medidas de ordenamento com base no conhecimento ecológico local dos pescadores artesanais, na legislação vigente e informações técnicas já existentes para o setor.

Given that education infrastructure has been a crucial element of the infrastructural power of the welfare state, surprisingly little is known about how spatial disparities in school infrastructure have been governed. While emphasis has recently been placed on the role of numbers in governing the education system, there have been contradictory results on the use of numbers for measuring spatial disparities in schooling on the one hand and on allocating school infrastructure by numbers on the other. What role have indicators played in the governance of regional disparities in education and how can we explain changes to this role? Assuming that indicators typically fulfil two functions in decision making processes (information gathering and allocation of resources), this article develops an ideal–typical distinction between four ways of (not) using numbers for governance purposes. This typology is applied to a historical case study of indicators as a device for governing spatial disparities in education in Germany. Cognitive investments in indicators for observing spatial disparities in education and for administering schools have been made in Germany since the early 19th century. However, conceptual flaws and conservative education policies have kept them from being put to effective practice in school infrastructure policies. It was not until the 1970s that demographic and administrative indicators became institutionalized as part of decentralized but fairly standardized school planning practices. While the use of indicators in the spatial allocation of education resources seemed to work well during periods of educational expansion, this calculative practice produced tension with the civic idea of spatial justice when enrolments declined.