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Background: Septic nosocomial infections are a major public health issue. Both the risk of contracting and the specificity of nosocomial pathology directly depend upon the type of inpatient settings, as well as on the institution-specific risk factors. Material and methods: The study used a descriptive observation method based on a cross-sectional study. The present research documented and analysed retrospectively 687 follow-up records of patients admitted to different intensive care units. Results: The study results found that the incidence of septic nosocomial infection within various intensive care units (ICU) differs, ranging between 24.68% up to 34.8%. The structure of nosological forms was dominated by severe infections as pneumonia – 50.7%, septicemia – 12.68%, surgical site infections – 12.60%, urinary tract infections – 8.45%. The polyetiological structure of pathogens varied depending on the types of ICU. Microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Clebsiella, Pseudomonas and Enterobacter predominated in most gram-negative (87.25%) cases, being multi-drug resistant to antibiotics. The following risk factors for the development of nosocomial septic infections were identified: the widespread use of invasive devices in the treatment process, patient’s comorbidities, polytraumas, vasopressors administration, the length of hospital stay within the ICU, etc. The clinical and economic effect is also important; hence the hospital stay length of patients with nosocomial infections was 2.2-2.5 times, the hospital stay cost per patient was 4.56 times, and the mortality rate was 4.55-8.43 higher compared to patients with no purulent nosocomial infections. Conclusions: Septic nosocomial infections are an urgent issue for ICU admission, which requires the implementation of comprehensive programs to prevent morbidity and reduce microbial antibiotic resistance.

Background: In this study, the synthesis and characterization of chitosan polymeric materials grafted with nitrofuran derivatives – furaceline and isofural in terms of antibacterial properties and prolongation of their action were performed. Material and methods: Synthesis of chitosan analog polymers with maleic anhydride was performed, followed by grafting of nitrofuran derivatives using ethyl chloroformate. The chemical composition of the obtained polymers was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Antibacterial study has been performed on a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Results: Chitosan derivatives with a content of 30 mol% of maleic anhydride were obtained. To the analogous polymer ”chitosan maleinized” the medicinal products isofural or furaciline with the help of the ethyl chloroformate were functionalized. By comparative analysis of the IR spectra of the final products with the IR spectra of maleinized chitosan and furacilin or isofuran was demonstrated the individual structure of the polymeric preparations “maleinized chitosan grafted with furacilin“ / “maleinized chitosan grafted with isofural”. The antibacterial substances, isofural and furaciline, among nitrofurans, being grafted with chitosan maleinized, keep their bactericidal activity in the limits of 75-300 μg/mL. The polymeric materials from chitosan maleate grafted with isofural or furacillin in a ratio of 70:30 have a prolonged antibacterial action (observation period 72 hours). Conclusions: It has been found that isofural and furacilin, among nitrofurans, being grafted on chitosan polymeric material, retain their bactericidal activity and possess prolonged antibacterial action.