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4 results on '"Vespa affinis"'

1. The Little Architect with Its Marvellous Creation: A Study on the Nest Architecture of Tropical Hornet, Vespa affinis   †.

Author

Sengupta, Panchali and Ghorai, Narayan

Subjects
HYPERTROPHY, NEST building, ANIMAL habitations, PETIOLES, VESPA (Genus), HORNETS
Abstract

Knowingly or unknowingly, we are surrounded by many creatures that are specialized in building amazing structures with great finesse. It is really wonderful to see how such tiny brains coordinate with each other to create perfect structures, which is perhaps impossible for humans. On similar lines, the present study describes the nest architecture of tropical hornet, Vespa affinis, built across several locations in Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal, India. Mature nests are roughly pear shaped, broadening from the top to the truncate base. The architecture of the nest is in the pattern of a spiral staircase with a central and several auxiliary petioles supporting each of the comb layers. Two large usually round entrance holes along with 6-7 small holes were also seen on the walls of the nest. Strikingly, the hypertrophy of the nest envelope above the combs into a prominent roof cone with cellular structure is observed. The hardening of the nest texture and the extensive papering over of the cells in the initial comb layers, thereby reducing their reutilization, form an essential feature of the nest. Several morpho-metric measurements of a typical nest (with seven comb layers) from the study site was conducted. Each comb layer of the nests showed a rough bimodality of cell diameter, with peaks at about 0.85 and 1.0 mm. The maximum number of occupied cells in the centremost stages of the nest (i.e., comb layer 3) probably support the maximum number of brood members. The highest number of auxiliary petioles along with the tree branch provide the greatest protection to the brood in this layer. Besides the highest number of petioles, the maximum number of unoccupied cells in comb layers 2 and 4 also provide extra protection to the developing brood in the comb layer 3. A decrease in the rate of nest building in the final stages (i.e., comb layers 6 and 7) is evident by the decrease in the number of cells in these layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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2. Antimicrobial Peptide Mastoparan-AF Kills Multi-Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 via Multiple Membrane Disruption Patterns and Likely by Adopting 3–11 Amphipathic Helices to Favor Membrane Interaction

Author

Chun-Hsien Lin, Ching-Lin Shyu, Zong-Yen Wu, Chao-Min Wang, Shiow-Her Chiou, Jiann-Yeu Chen, Shu-Ying Tseng, Ting-Er Lin, Yi-Po Yuan, Shu-Peng Ho, Kwong-Chung Tung, Frank Chiahung Mao, Han-Jung Lee, and Wu-Chun Tu

Subjects
antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial peptide, Vespa affinis, Process Chemistry and Technology, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Escherichia coli O157:H7, Filtration and Separation, membrane permeabilization, membrane disruption pattern, mastoparan-AF
Abstract

We investigated the antimicrobial activity and membrane disruption modes of the antimicrobial peptide mastoparan-AF against hemolytic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Based on the physicochemical properties, mastoparan-AF may potentially adopt a 3–11 amphipathic helix-type structure, with five to seven nonpolar or hydrophobic amino acid residues forming the hydrophobic face. E. coli O157:H7 and two diarrheagenic E. coli veterinary clinical isolates, which are highly resistant to multiple antibiotics, are sensitive to mastoparan-AF, with minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) ranging from 16 to 32 μg mL−1 for E. coli O157:H7 and four to eight μg mL−1 for the latter two isolates. Mastoparan-AF treatment, which correlates proportionally with membrane permeabilization of the bacteria, may lead to abnormal dents, large perforations or full opening at apical ends (hollow tubes), vesicle budding, and membrane corrugation and invagination forming irregular pits or pores on E. coli O157:H7 surface. In addition, mRNAs of prepromastoparan-AF and prepromastoparan-B share a 5′-poly(A) leader sequence at the 5′-UTR known for the advantage in cap-independent translation. This is the first report about the 3–11 amphipathic helix structure of mastoparans to facilitate membrane interaction. Mastoparan-AF could potentially be employed to combat multiple antibiotic-resistant hemolytic E. coli O157:H7 and other pathogenic E. coli.

Published
2023
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3. Vespa affinis

Author

Dorji, Phurpa, Nidup, Tshering, Klein, Wim, Dorji, Cheten, Daglio, Anthony, and Gyeltshen, Choki

Subjects
Vespidae, Insecta, Arthropoda, Vespa, Animalia, Biodiversity, Hymenoptera, Taxonomy, Vespa affinis
Abstract

56. Vespa affinis (Linnaeus, 1764) Apis affinis Linnaeus, 1764: 417. Type data: Female, ZMUU. Type locality: “in Calidis regionibus” (Oriental Region). Vespa affinis Fabricius, 1787: 287. Vespa unifasciata Olivier, 1792: 677. Vespa alduini Guérin-Méneville, 1831: 264. Vespa bimaculata Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 264. Vespa nigripennis de Saussure, 1854: 156. Vespa cincta var. picea du Buysson, 1905a (1904): 537. Vespa indosinensis Pérez, 1910: 8. Vespa formosana Sonan, 1927: 125. Vespa affinis var. continentalis Bequaert, 1936: 350. Vespa affinis var. hainanensis Bequaert, 1936: 349. Vespa affinis nigriventris van der Vecht, 1957: 29. Vespa affinis archboldi van der Vecht, 1957: 32. Vespa affinis rufonigrans van der Vecht, 1957: 29. Vespa affinis moluccana van der Vecht, 1957: 32. Vespa affinis alticincta van der Vecht, 1957: 33. Distribution: Bhutan: Chhukha, Samdrup Jongkhar (Dorji, Gyeltshen, et al. 2017; Dorji, Klein, et al. 2017a). Elsewhere: India; Nepal; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Sri Lanka; China; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Malaysia; Singapore (Archer 2012; Daglio 2019; Das & Gupta 1983, 1989; Dorji, Gyeltshen, et al. 2017; Dorji, Klein, et al. 2017a; Gawas et al. 2020; Ghosh et al. 2020; Gusenleitner 2006; Kumar, Kundu, et al. 2015; Kumar, Mazumdar & Pham 2015; Kumar & Sharma 2014a; Nguyen, Saito, Kojima & Carpenter 2006; Nugroho 2012; Pham & Li 2015; Smith-Pardo et al. 2020; Sora et al. 2019; van der Vecht 1959)., Published as part of Dorji, Phurpa, Nidup, Tshering, Klein, Wim, Dorji, Cheten, Daglio, Anthony & Gyeltshen, Choki, 2022, An annotated checklist of the Vespidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) of Bhutan with new records, pp. 301-332 in Zootaxa 5150 (3) on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5150.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6622906, {"references":["van der Vecht, J. (1957) The Vespinae of the Indo-Malayan and Papuan areas (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 34, 1 - 83.","Archer, M. E. (2012) Vespine Wasps of the World: Behaviour, Ecology & Taxonomy of the Vespinae. Monograph Series 4. SIRI Scientific Press, Manchester, 352 pp.","Daglio, A. (2019) Yellowjackets of the World Taxonomy, Distribution, and Nesting Biology. Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Mauritius, 377 pp.","Das, B. P. & Gupta, V. K. (1983) A catalogue of the families Stenogastridae and Vespidae from the Indian subregion (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea). Oriental Insects, 17 (1), 395 - 464. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1983.10433698","Das, B. P. & Gupta, V. K. (1989) The social wasps of India and the adjacent countries. Oriental Insects Monograph, 11, 1 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1989.11835532","Gawas, S. M., Kumar, P. G., Pannure, A., Gupta, A. & Carpenter, J. M. (2020) An annotated distributional checklist of Vespidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) of India. Zootaxa, 4784 (1), 1 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4784.1.1","Ghosh, D., Kumar, P. G., Tripathy, B. & Chandra, K. (2020) An updated checklist of Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from Arunachal Pradesh, India with new distributional records from the State. Halteres, 11, 36 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 4042968","Gusenleitner, J. (2006) Uber Aufsammlungen von Faltenwespen in Indien (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 38 (1), 677 - 695.","Kumar, P. G., Mazumdar, P. C. & Pham, P. H. (2015) New records of hornet wasps of the genus Vespa Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from Indian states and Bangladesh. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 115 (Part- 2), 215 - 219.","Kumar, P. G. & Sharma, G. (2014 a) Taxonomic studies on vespid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Vespidae) of Sunderbans Biosphere Reserve, West Bengal, India. Part 1. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 114 (Part- 4), 563 - 580.","Nguyen, L. T. P., Kojima, J. I., Saito, F. & Carpenter, J. M. (2006) Vespidae (Hymenoptera) of Vietnam 3: Synoptic key to Vietnamese species of the polistine genus Ropalidia, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Entomological Science, 9, 93 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1479 - 8298.2006.00157. x","Pham, P. H. & Li, T. J. (2015) A first list of vespid wasps from Vietnam (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Russian Entomological Journal, 24 (2), 133 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / rusentj. 24.2.05","Smith-Pardo, A. H., Carpenter, J. M. & Kimsey, L. (2020) The Diversity of Hornets in the Genus Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Vespinae), Their Importance and Interceptions in the United States. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 4 (3), 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixaa 006","Sora, K., Gawas, S. M., Gupta, A. & Shaw, S. S. (2019) Checklist of vespid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Arunachal Pradesh, India, with a new distribution record of Vespula flaviceps (Smith). Journal of Biological Control, 33 (4), 336 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.18311 / jbc / 2019 / 24148","van der Vecht, J. (1959) Notes on Oriental Vespinae, including some species from China and Japan (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, XXXVI (13), 205 - 232."]}

Published
2022
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4. Antimicrobial Peptide Mastoparan-AF Kills Multi-Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 via Multiple Membrane Disruption Patterns and Likely by Adopting 3-11 Amphipathic Helices to Favor Membrane Interaction.

Author

Lin CH, Shyu CL, Wu ZY, Wang CM, Chiou SH, Chen JY, Tseng SY, Lin TE, Yuan YP, Ho SP, Tung KC, Mao FC, Lee HJ, and Tu WC

Abstract

We investigated the antimicrobial activity and membrane disruption modes of the antimicrobial peptide mastoparan-AF against hemolytic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Based on the physicochemical properties, mastoparan-AF may potentially adopt a 3-11 amphipathic helix-type structure, with five to seven nonpolar or hydrophobic amino acid residues forming the hydrophobic face. E. coli O157:H7 and two diarrheagenic E. coli veterinary clinical isolates, which are highly resistant to multiple antibiotics, are sensitive to mastoparan-AF, with minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) ranging from 16 to 32 μg mL -1 for E. coli O157:H7 and four to eight μg mL -1 for the latter two isolates. Mastoparan-AF treatment, which correlates proportionally with membrane permeabilization of the bacteria, may lead to abnormal dents, large perforations or full opening at apical ends (hollow tubes), vesicle budding, and membrane corrugation and invagination forming irregular pits or pores on E. coli O157:H7 surface. In addition, mRNAs of prepromastoparan-AF and prepromastoparan-B share a 5'-poly(A) leader sequence at the 5'-UTR known for the advantage in cap-independent translation. This is the first report about the 3-11 amphipathic helix structure of mastoparans to facilitate membrane interaction. Mastoparan-AF could potentially be employed to combat multiple antibiotic-resistant hemolytic E. coli O157:H7 and other pathogenic E. coli .

Published
2023
Full Text
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