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Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a])-lowering therapy to reduce cardiovascular disease is under investigation in phase 3 clinical trials. High Lp(a) may be implicated in peripheral artery disease (PAD), abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), and major adverse limb events (MALE). The authors investigated the association of high Lp(a) levels and corresponding LPA genotypes with risk of PAD, AAA, and MALE. The authors included 108,146 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study. During follow-up, 2,450 developed PAD, and 1,251 AAAs. Risk of MALE was assessed in individuals with PAD at baseline and replicated in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Higher Lp(a) was associated with a stepwise increase in risk of PAD and AAA (P for trend <0.001). For individuals with Lp(a) levels ≥99th (≥143 mg/dL, ≥307 nmol/L) vs <50th percentile (≤9 mg/dL, ≤17 nmol/L), multivariable-adjusted HRs were 2.99 (95% CI: 2.09-4.30) for PAD and 2.22 (95% CI: 1.21-4.07) for AAA. For individuals with PAD, the corresponding incidence rate ratio for MALE was 3.04 (95% CI: 1.55-5.98). Per 50 mg/dL (105 nmol/L) genetically higher Lp(a) risk ratios were 1.39 (95% CI: 1.24-1.56) for PAD and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.01-1.44) for AAA, consistent with observational risk ratios of 1.33 (95% CI: 1.24-1.43) and 1.27 (95% CI: 1.15-1.41), respectively. In women smokers aged 70 to 79 years with Lp(a) <50th and ≥99th percentile, absolute 10-year risks of PAD were 8% and 21%, and equivalent risks in men 11% and 29%, respectively. For AAA, corresponding risks were 2% and 4% in women, and 5% and 12% in men. High Lp(a) levels increased risk of PAD, AAA, and MALE by 2- to 3-fold in the general population, opening opportunities for prevention given future Lp(a)-lowering therapies. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is unknown if an unhealthy diet can affect the risk of developing psoriasis., Objectives: We hypothesised that individuals with an unhealthy diet have increased risk of prevalent and incident psoriasis., Methods: We included 105,332 adults from the Copenhagen General Population Study, who were invited between 2003 and 2015. Response-rate was 43%. An unhealthy versus healthy diet was defined according to adherence to general national dietary guidelines. The participants were grouped into low, intermediate, and high adherence to general national dietary guidelines based on information from a food frequency questionnaire. Identification of psoriasis was made using ICD codes., Results: Of the 105,332 individuals, 580 had a diagnosis of psoriasis at the time of enrolment and 640 received a diagnosis during the median follow-up of 9 years. Risk of prevalent psoriasis increased according to non-adherence to general national dietary guidelines in a stepwise manner with an age and sex adjusted odds ratio of 1.70 (95% confidence interval 1.26-2.30) in individuals with low vs. high adherence to dietary guidelines. Results were similar in a multivariable adjusted model. Prospective analyses adjusted for age and sex showed a weak association between non-adherence to dietary guidelines and risk of incident psoriasis (P for trend 0.04). This association disappeared, when adjusting for multiple confounders (P for trend 0.50)., Conclusions: Although individuals with psoriasis have an unhealthier diet, diet alone does not appear to independently increase the risk of developing psoriasis., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Association of Dermatologists. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)