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Claims that the catastrophic flooding events of 2022 which devastated the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales were unprecedented are demonstrated here to be ill-informed. Additionally, flood mitigation efforts will not be able to protect Lismore and surrounding communities from the ravages of future floods. It is essential that geographical realities be at the heart of planning decisions to protect flood prone communities in future. The inescapable fact is that catastrophic floods will recur in the region. The lesson for this region, and for others throughout Australia which are subject to severe flooding, is that planned withdrawal of critical services, commercial premises and vulnerable housing from the flood plain is the only sure way to protect people, their homes and livelihoods from repeated devastation. Geography matters indeed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliable estimates of forest productivity at the site scale can guide site-specific forest management. However, the best methods to evaluate productivity of natural forest sites, and in particular secondary natural forests, remain undefined. In this study we: (1) applied an indirect method for estimation of the potential productivity of a forest site ('site form') in Dong Nai Biosphere Reserve. In addition, we: (2a) investigated the influence of a range of environmental conditions on site form, (2b) built models to estimate site form from the corresponding environmental variables and (3) generated site form maps for the region. We found that Michaelis–Menten models provided the most consistent representation of tree height–diameter relationships, with reliable anamorphic curves at both plot-scale (50 m × 20 m) and multiplot-scales. Predicted tree height at 25-cm diameter (H25) was selected as the best indicator for site form as 25 cm was both a tree size, which was common in the forests, and for which height could be accurately predicted. H25 was significantly correlated with site environmental conditions, with the dominant influences being factors related to water availability. We generated site form maps for Dong Nai province based on the relationship between known environmental variables and H25. We conclude that maps such as these could have broad application in guiding tropical forest restoration measures elsewhere, particularly where there is limited knowledge of tree ages and species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]