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Background: We aimed to investigate the molecular genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Humans in the Yazd County, Central, Iran. Methods: Total of 35 fecal samples were collected from patients referred to Yazd Central Laboratory, Yazd, Iran from February to July 2022. All the samples were included in this study after microscopic observation of G. duodenalis. DNA samples were extracted using related kit and were analyzed by Nano Drop. The molecular assessment was carried out using semi-nested PCR using the target gene of gdh. All amplified samples were sequenced using Sanger method. BLAST analyzed the sequences for assemblage identification. Results: Out of 35 samples, 24 (68.57%) and 11 (31.43%) were male and female, respectively. All included samples were amplified using the specific gdh primer pair. The molecular analysis showed 17 isolates (48.57%) as assemblage BIV, 8 isolates (22.86%) as assemblage BIII, 6 isolates (17.14%) as assemblage AII and 4 isolates (11.43%) as assemblage AIII (P<0.05). Conclusion: Assemblages A and B are the most prevalent in Central Iran. The molecular identification of G. duodenalis isolates from animals and implementing control programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Recently, the association between sexual dysfunction (SD) and diabetes has been proven in various studies. The study aimed to determine the frequency of SD and identify risk factors related to SD in men with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 114 men with T2DM who had referred to the Yazd Diabetes Center from 2019-2020. All of them filled out a standard questionnaire with a specified validity and reliability. The analysis was performed using ANOVA and Chi-square by SPSS, version 22 software. Results: The mean age of participants was 52.48 (±5.33). The SD frequency was 73.7%. The mean SD score was 17.89 (±12). There was a significant relationship between the total SD and neuropathy (P: 0.0001), retinopathy (P: 0.0001), nephropathy (P: 0.023), type of treatment (P: 0.0001), age (P: 0.0001) and addiction (P: 0.031). There was no significant relationship between the total SD score and hyperlipidemia (P: 0.371), hypertension (P: 0.683), Hb1Ac (P: 0.816), duration of diabetes (P: 0.101) and smoking (P: 0.29). Conclusion: Due to the high frequency of sexual dysfunction in men with T2DM, it is recommended that SD be considered as an important complication in these patients so that by identifying indicators related to this complication in patients with diabetes, sexual health clinics take the necessary measures to solve sexual problems in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases among women. Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a complication in patients with T2DM that has received less attention among women than men. This study aimed to assess the factors related to female SD in T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: 120 women with T2DM who referred to the Yazd Diabetes Center in 2019-2020 were selected. Female sexual function index (FSFI) as a valid questionnaire was used. Neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes medication, Hb1Ac, age, and duration of diabetes as factors related to SD were assessed. The T-test and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data by SPSS 22 software. Results: The mean age of participants was 48.40 (±7.35). The SD was impaired in 85.8% of subjects and none of the participants showed a level of good function in any of the sexual domains. There was a significant relationship between SD and neuropathy (P= 0.005), hyperlipidemia (P= 0.007), hypertension (P= 0.015), diabetes medication (P= 0.005), age (P= 0.0001), and duration of diabetes (P= 0.0001). There was no significant relationship between SD and retinopathy (P= 0.565), nephropathy (P= 0.288), and Hb1Ac (P= 0.92). Conclusion: The frequency of SD in females with T2DM remarkably was high and the factors including age, duration of diabetes, diabetes medication, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and neuropathy were identified as factors related to SD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic infection that can endanger mother's and neonates' health during pregnancy. The disease is also prevalent in Iran. This study intended to evaluate the seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in neonates and postpartum mothers referred to health centers of Yazd in Iran in 2020. Materials and Methods: Totally, 184 postpartum mothers and 184 neonatal umbilical cords in health centers of Yazd were evaluated for Toxoplasma infection through a specific IgM and IgG antibodies kit. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS18. Results & Conclusion: Out of 184 samples of postpartum mothers, 8 cases (4.35%) were seropositive, and 176 (95.65%) were seronegative for IgG antibody; moreover, 7 cases (3.80%) were seropositive, and 177 (96.20%) seronegative for IgM antibody. Also, 184 neonatal umbilical cords were IgM negative, and no toxoplasmosis infection was reported. No significant correlation was found between seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection and caring for pets, consumption of raw meat, level of education, blood type, job, living area and type of delivery (P>0.05). However, a significant correlation was identified between the number of deliveries and the prevalence of toxoplasmosis (P=0.014). This study also illustrated a low prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in postpartum mothers and no congenital transmission of the disease in diverse health centers of the province. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between risk factors and the prevalence of Toxoplasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recently, administration of antiepilepsy drugs (AED) has become very common. This study aimed to assess the impacts of chlorogenic acid(CA) on parameters, features of chromatin and DNA integrity of spermatozoa and assess the Malondialdehyde (MDA) in carbamazepine (CBZ)-consuming epileptic mice. Materials and Methods: thirty-six adult male NMRI mice were randomly selected into six groups. Group I (Control), received basal diet; group II, pentylenetetrazol (PTZ); group III, PTZ+carbamazepine; group IV, CA; group V, PTZ+CA; group VI, PTZ+CBZ+CA. Finally, removal of caudal epididymis was done and placed in 1mL Ham'sF10 medium at 37C for 15 min. Then, analysis of sperm parameters was executed. Toluidine blue (TB), chromomycinA3 (CMA3), aniline blue (AB) and TUNLE were applied for assessment of sperm chromatin quality. Also, lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capability were measured by MDA test. Results: A significant increase was evident in sperm parameters in the CA, PTZ+CA and PTZ+CBZ+CA groups in comparison with the control and PTZ groups. About AB, TB, CMA3 and TUNEL tests, there was a significant increase in the PTZ group in comparison with the PTZ group. MDA test showed significant decreasing in the PTZ group compared to all groups. Also, the PTZ+CBZ+CA group had a significant increase compared to the control, PTZ, PTZ+CBZ and PTZ+CA groups Conclusion: Although epilepsy can have deleterious effects on sperm fertility and DNA integrity, the CBZ and CA administration has positive result on sperm parameters, sperm chromatin abnormalities, and MDA in mice with epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]