Author: "Unal, Caner" / Publication Year Range: Last 3 years - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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37 results on '"Unal, Caner"'

1. Galaxy Tomography with the Gravitational Wave Background from Supermassive Black Hole Binaries

Author: Chen, Yifan, Daniel, Matthias, D'Orazio, Daniel J., Mitridate, Andrea, Sagunski, Laura, Xue, Xiao, Agazie, Gabriella, Baier, Jeremy G., Baker, Paul T., Bécsy, Bence, Blecha, Laura, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Burnette, Rand, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, DeCesar, Megan E., Demorest, Paul B., Deng, Heling, Dey, Lankeswar, Dolch, Timothy, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Gardiner, Emiko C., Gersbach, Kyle A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Gültekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron D., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Larsen, Bjorn, Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Liu, Tingting, Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., Meyers, Patrick M., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Petrov, Polina, Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Runnoe, Jessie C., Saffer, Alexander, Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmitz, Kai, Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa, Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Jacob, Taylor, Stephen R., Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, van Haasteren, Rutger, Verbiest, Joris, Vigeland, Sarah J., Witt, Caitlin A., Wright, David, and Young, Olivia
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The detection of a stochastic gravitational wave background by pulsar timing arrays suggests the presence of a supermassive black hole binary population. Although the observed spectrum generally aligns with predictions from orbital evolution driven by gravitational wave emission in circular orbits, there is a discernible preference for a turnover at the lowest observed frequencies. This turnover could indicate a significant hardening phase, transitioning from early environmental influences to later stages predominantly influenced by gravitational wave emission. In the vicinity of these binaries, the ejection of stars or dark matter particles through gravitational three-body slingshots efficiently extracts orbital energy, leading to a low-frequency turnover in the spectrum. By analyzing the NANOGrav 15-year data, we assess how the gravitational wave spectrum depends on the initial inner galactic profile prior to disruption by binary ejections, accounting for a range of initial binary eccentricities. Our findings suggest a parsec-scale galactic center density around $10^6\,M_\odot/\textrm{pc}^3$ across most of the parameter space, offering insights into the environmental effects on black hole evolution and combined matter density near galaxy centers., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2024

2. The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Running of the Spectral Index

Author: Agazie, Gabriella, Anumarlapudi, Akash, Archibald, Anne M., Arzoumanian, Zaven, Baier, Jeremy George, Baker, Paul T., Bécsy, Bence, Blecha, Laura, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, Crowter, Kathryn, DeCesar, Megan E., Demorest, Paul B., Deng, Heling, Dey, Lankeswar, Dolch, Timothy, Esmyol, David, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Gardiner, Emiko C., Garver-Daniels, Nate, Gentile, Peter A., Gersbach, Kyle A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Gültekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron D., Jones, Megan L., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Kerr, Matthew, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Larsen, Bjorn, Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Santos, Rafael R. Lino dos, Liu, Tingting, Lorimer, Duncan R., Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., McMann, Natasha, Meyers, Bradley W., Meyers, Patrick M., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Ng, Cherry, Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Perera, Benetge B. P., Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Runnoe, Jessie C., Saffer, Alexander, Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmiedekamp, Ann, Schmiedekamp, Carl, Schmitz, Kai, Schröder, Tobias, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa, Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Stovall, Kevin, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Stephen R., Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, van Haasteren, Rutger, Vigeland, Sarah J., von Eckardstein, Richard, Wahl, Haley M., Witt, Caitlin A., Wright, David, and Young, Olivia
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The NANOGrav 15-year data provides compelling evidence for a stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background at nanohertz frequencies. The simplest model-independent approach to characterizing the frequency spectrum of this signal consists in a simple power-law fit involving two parameters: an amplitude A and a spectral index \gamma. In this paper, we consider the next logical step beyond this minimal spectral model, allowing for a running (i.e., logarithmic frequency dependence) of the spectral index, \gamma_run(f) = \gamma + \beta \ln(f/f_ref). We fit this running-power-law (RPL) model to the NANOGrav 15-year data and perform a Bayesian model comparison with the minimal constant-power-law (CPL) model, which results in a 95% credible interval for the parameter \beta consistent with no running, \beta \in [-0.80,2.96], and an inconclusive Bayes factor, B(RPL vs. CPL) = 0.69 +- 0.01. We thus conclude that, at present, the minimal CPL model still suffices to adequately describe the NANOGrav signal; however, future data sets may well lead to a measurement of nonzero \beta. Finally, we interpret the RPL model as a description of primordial GWs generated during cosmic inflation, which allows us to combine our results with upper limits from big-bang nucleosynthesis, the cosmic microwave background, and LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA., Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2024

3. The NANOGrav 15 yr data set: Posterior predictive checks for gravitational-wave detection with pulsar timing arrays

Author: Agazie, Gabriella, Anumarlapudi, Akash, Archibald, Anne M., Arzoumanian, Zaven, Baier, Jeremy George, Baker, Paul T., Bécsy, Bence, Blecha, Laura, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatziioannou, Katerina, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, Crowter, Kathryn, DeCesar, Megan E., Demorest, Paul B., Deng, Heling, Dey, Lankeswar, Dolch, Timothy, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Gardiner, Emiko C., Garver-Daniels, Nate, Gentile, Peter A., Gersbach, Kyle A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Gültekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron D., Jones, Megan L., Kaiser, Andrew R., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Kerr, Matthew, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Larsen, Bjorn, Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Liu, Tingting, Lorimer, Duncan R., Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., McMann, Natasha, Meyers, Bradley W., Meyers, Patrick M., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Ng, Cherry, Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Perera, Benetge B. P., Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Runnoe, Jessie C., Saffer, Alexander, Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmiedekamp, Ann, Schmiedekamp, Carl, Schmitz, Kai, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa, Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Stovall, Kevin, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Stephen R., Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, Vigeland, Sarah J., Wahl, Haley M., Witt, Caitlin A., Wright, David, and Young, Olivia
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: Pulsar-timing-array experiments have reported evidence for a stochastic background of nanohertz gravitational waves consistent with the signal expected from a population of supermassive--black-hole binaries. Those analyses assume power-law spectra for intrinsic pulsar noise and for the background, as well as a Hellings--Downs cross-correlation pattern among the gravitational-wave--induced residuals across pulsars. These assumptions are idealizations that may not be realized in actuality. We test them in the NANOGrav 15 yr data set using Bayesian posterior predictive checks: after fitting our fiducial model to real data, we generate a population of simulated data-set replications, and use them to assess whether the optimal-statistic significance, inter-pulsar correlations, and spectral coefficients assume extreme values for the real data when compared to the replications. We confirm that the NANOGrav 15 yr data set is consistent with power-law and Hellings--Downs assumptions. We also evaluate the evidence for the stochastic background using posterior-predictive versions of the frequentist optimal statistic and of Bayesian model comparison, and find comparable significance (3.2\ $\sigma$ and 3\ $\sigma$ respectively) to what was previously reported for the standard statistics. We conclude with novel visualizations of the reconstructed gravitational waveforms that enter the residuals for each pulsar. Our analysis strengthens confidence in the identification and characterization of the gravitational-wave background as reported by NANOGrav., Comment: 20 pages, 14 Figures
Published: 2024

4. The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Looking for Signs of Discreteness in the Gravitational-wave Background

Author: Agazie, Gabriella, Baker, Paul T., Bécsy, Bence, Blecha, Laura, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Brown, Lucas, Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, DeCesar, Megan E., Demorest, Paul B., Deng, Heling, Dolch, Timothy, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Garver-Daniels, Nate, Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Gültekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron D., Jones, Megan L., Kaiser, Andrew R., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Larsen, Bjorn, Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Liu, Tingting, Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., Meyers, Patrick M., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Natarajan, Priyamvada, Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Runnoe, Jessie C., Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmitz, Kai, Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa, Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Stephen R., Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, Vigeland, Sarah J., Wahl, Haley M., Willson, London, Witt, Caitlin A., and Young, Olivia
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The cosmic merger history of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) is expected to produce a low-frequency gravitational wave background (GWB). Here we investigate how signs of the discrete nature of this GWB can manifest in pulsar timing arrays through excursions from, and breaks in, the expected $f_{\mathrm{GW}}^{-2/3}$ power-law of the GWB strain spectrum. To do this, we create a semi-analytic SMBHB population model, fit to NANOGrav's 15 yr GWB amplitude, and with 1,000 realizations we study the populations' characteristic strain and residual spectra. Comparing our models to the NANOGrav 15 yr spectrum, we find two interesting excursions from the power-law. The first, at $2 \; \mathrm{nHz}$, is below our GWB realizations with $p$-value significance $p = 0.05$ to $0.06$ ($\approx 1.8 \sigma - 1.9 \sigma$). The second, at $16 \; \mathrm{nHz}$, is above our GWB realizations with $p = 0.04$ to $0.15$ ($\approx 1.4 \sigma - 2.1 \sigma$). We explore the properties of a loud SMBHB which could cause such an excursion. Our simulations also show that the expected number of SMBHBs decreases by three orders of magnitude, from $\sim 10^6$ to $\sim 10^3$, between $2\; \mathrm{nHz}$ and $20 \; \mathrm{nHz}$. This causes a break in the strain spectrum as the stochasticity of the background breaks down at $26^{+28}_{-19} \; \mathrm{nHz}$, consistent with predictions pre-dating GWB measurements. The diminished GWB signal from SMBHBs at frequencies above the $26$~nHz break opens a window for PTAs to detect continuous GWs from individual SMBHBs or GWs from the early universe., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, 1 appendix, submitted to ApJ
Published: 2024

5. Primordial black holes and their gravitational-wave signatures

Author: Bagui, Eleni, Clesse, Sebastien, De Luca, Valerio, Ezquiaga, Jose María, Franciolini, Gabriele, García-Bellido, Juan, Joana, Cristian, Jain, Rajeev Kumar, Kuroyanagi, Sachiko, Musco, Ilia, Papanikolaou, Theodoros, Raccanelli, Alvise, Renaux-Petel, Sébastien, Riotto, Antonio, Morales, Ester Ruiz, Scalisi, Marco, Sergijenko, Olga, Unal, Caner, Vennin, Vincent, and Wands, David
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: In the recent years, primordial black holes (PBHs) have emerged as one of the most interesting and hotly debated topics in cosmology. Among other possibilities, PBHs could explain both some of the signals from binary black hole mergers observed in gravitational wave detectors and an important component of the dark matter in the Universe. Significant progress has been achieved both on the theory side and from the point of view of observations, including new models and more accurate calculations of PBH formation, evolution, clustering, merger rates, as well as new astrophysical and cosmological probes. In this work, we review, analyse and combine the latest developments in order to perform end-to-end calculations of the various gravitational wave signatures of PBHs. Different ways to distinguish PBHs from stellar black holes are emphasized. Finally, we discuss their detectability with LISA, the first planned gravitational-wave observatory in space., Comment: 161 pages, 47 figures, comments welcome
Published: 2023

6. The NANOGrav 15-year data set: Search for Transverse Polarization Modes in the Gravitational-Wave Background

Author: Agazie, Gabriella, Anumarlapudi, Akash, Archibald, Anne M., Arzoumanian, Zaven, Baier, Jeremy, Baker, Paul T., Bécsy, Bence, Blecha, Laura, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Burnette, Rand, Case, Robin, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, Crowter, Kathryn, DeCesar, Megan E., DeGan, Dallas, Demorest, Paul B., Dolch, Timothy, Drachler, Brendan, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Garver-Daniels, Nate, Gentile, Peter A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Gültekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron D., Jones, Megan L., Kaiser, Andrew R., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Kerr, Matthew, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Liu, Tingting, Lorimer, Duncan R., Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., McMann, Natasha, Meyers, Bradley W., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Natarajan, Priyamvada, Ng, Cherry, Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Perera, Benetge B. P., Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Saffer, Alexander, Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmiedekamp, Ann, Schmiedekamp, Carl, Schmitz, Kai, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Stovall, Kevin, Sun, Jerry P., Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Jacob A., Taylor, Stephen R., Turner, E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, Vigeland, Sarah J., Wahl, Haley M., Witt, Caitlin A., and Young, Olivia
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Recently we found compelling evidence for a gravitational wave background with Hellings and Downs (HD) correlations in our 15-year data set. These correlations describe gravitational waves as predicted by general relativity, which has two transverse polarization modes. However, more general metric theories of gravity can have additional polarization modes which produce different interpulsar correlations. In this work we search the NANOGrav 15-year data set for evidence of a gravitational wave background with quadrupolar Hellings and Downs (HD) and Scalar Transverse (ST) correlations. We find that HD correlations are the best fit to the data, and no significant evidence in favor of ST correlations. While Bayes factors show strong evidence for a correlated signal, the data does not strongly prefer either correlation signature, with Bayes factors $\sim 2$ when comparing HD to ST correlations, and $\sim 1$ for HD plus ST correlations to HD correlations alone. However, when modeled alongside HD correlations, the amplitude and spectral index posteriors for ST correlations are uninformative, with the HD process accounting for the vast majority of the total signal. Using the optimal statistic, a frequentist technique that focuses on the pulsar-pair cross-correlations, we find median signal-to-noise-ratios of 5.0 for HD and 4.6 for ST correlations when fit for separately, and median signal-to-noise-ratios of 3.5 for HD and 3.0 for ST correlations when fit for simultaneously. While the signal-to-noise-ratios for each of the correlations are comparable, the estimated amplitude and spectral index for HD are a significantly better fit to the total signal, in agreement with our Bayesian analysis., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2023

7. The NANOGrav 12.5-year data set: A computationally efficient eccentric binary search pipeline and constraints on an eccentric supermassive binary candidate in 3C 66B

Author: Agazie, Gabriella, Arzoumanian, Zaven, Baker, Paul T., Bécsy, Bence, Blecha, Laura, Blumer, Harsha, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Cheeseboro, Belinda D., Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, DeCesar, Megan E., Demorest, Paul B., Dey, Lankeswar, Dolch, Timothy, Ellis, Justin A., Ferdman, Robert D., Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Garver-Daniels, Nate, Gentile, Peter A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Gopakumar, Achamveedu, Gültekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron D., Jones, Megan L., Kaiser, Andrew R., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Liu, Tingting, Lorimer, Duncan R., Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., Meyers, Patrick M., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Ng, Cherry, Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmitz, Kai, Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa, Spiewak, Renée, Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Stovall, Kevin, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Stephen R., Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, Vigeland, Sarah J., Witt, Caitlin A., and Young, Olivia
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: The radio galaxy 3C 66B has been hypothesized to host a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) at its center based on electromagnetic observations. Its apparent 1.05-year period and low redshift ($\sim0.02$) make it an interesting testbed to search for low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) using Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments. This source has been subjected to multiple searches for continuous GWs from a circular SMBHB, resulting in progressively more stringent constraints on its GW amplitude and chirp mass. In this paper, we develop a pipeline for performing Bayesian targeted searches for eccentric SMBHBs in PTA data sets, and test its efficacy by applying it on simulated data sets with varying injected signal strengths. We also search for a realistic eccentric SMBHB source in 3C 66B using the NANOGrav 12.5-year data set employing PTA signal models containing Earth term-only as well as Earth+Pulsar term contributions using this pipeline. Due to limitations in our PTA signal model, we get meaningful results only when the initial eccentricity $e_0<0.5$ and the symmetric mass ratio $\eta>0.1$. We find no evidence for an eccentric SMBHB signal in our data, and therefore place 95% upper limits on the PTA signal amplitude of $88.1\pm3.7$ ns for the Earth term-only and $81.74\pm0.86$ ns for the Earth+Pulsar term searches for $e_0<0.5$ and $\eta>0.1$. Similar 95% upper limits on the chirp mass are $(1.98 \pm 0.05) \times 10^9\,M_{\odot}$ and $(1.81 \pm 0.01) \times 10^9\,M_{\odot}$. These upper limits, while less stringent than those calculated from a circular binary search in the NANOGrav 12.5-year data set, are consistent with the SMBHB model of 3C 66B developed from electromagnetic observations., Comment: 27 Pages, 10 Figures, 1 Table, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2023
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8. How to Detect an Astrophysical Nanohertz Gravitational-Wave Background

Author: Bécsy, Bence, Cornish, Neil J., Meyers, Patrick M., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Agazie, Gabriella, Anumarlapudi, Akash, Archibald, Anne M., Arzoumanian, Zaven, Baker, Paul T., Blecha, Laura, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatziioannou, Katerina, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, Crowter, Kathryn, DeCesar, Megan E., Demorest, Paul B., Dolch, Timothy, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Garver-Daniels, Nate, Gentile, Peter A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Gültekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Hourihane, Sophie, Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron D., Jones, Megan L., Kaiser, Andrew R., Kaplan, David L., Kerr, Matthew, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Littenberg, Tyson B., Liu, Tingting, Lorimer, Duncan R., Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., McMann, Natasha, Meyers, Bradley W., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Ng, Cherry, Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Perera, Benetge B. P., Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmiedekamp, Ann, Schmiedekamp, Carl, Schmitz, Kai, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa, Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Stovall, Kevin, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Stephen R., Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, van Haasteren, Rutger, Vigeland, Sarah J., Wahl, Haley M., Witt, Caitlin A., and Young, Olivia
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Analysis of pulsar timing data have provided evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background in the nHz frequency band. The most plausible source of such a background is the superposition of signals from millions of supermassive black hole binaries. The standard statistical techniques used to search for such a background and assess its significance make several simplifying assumptions, namely: i) Gaussianity; ii) isotropy; and most often iii) a power-law spectrum. However, a stochastic background from a finite collection of binaries does not exactly satisfy any of these assumptions. To understand the effect of these assumptions, we test standard analysis techniques on a large collection of realistic simulated datasets. The dataset length, observing schedule, and noise levels were chosen to emulate the NANOGrav 15-year dataset. Simulated signals from millions of binaries drawn from models based on the Illustris cosmological hydrodynamical simulation were added to the data. We find that the standard statistical methods perform remarkably well on these simulated datasets, despite their fundamental assumptions not being strictly met. They are able to achieve a confident detection of the background. However, even for a fixed set of astrophysical parameters, different realizations of the universe result in a large variance in the significance and recovered parameters of the background. We also find that the presence of loud individual binaries can bias the spectral recovery of the background if we do not account for them., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, version matching published paper
Published: 2023
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9. The NANOGrav 12.5-year Data Set: Search for Gravitational Wave Memory

Author: Agazie, Gabriella, Arzoumanian, Zaven, Baker, Paul T., Bécsy, Bence, Blecha, Laura, Blumer, Harsha, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Burnette, Rand, Case, Robin, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, DeCesar, Megan E., DeGan, Dallas, Demorest, Paul B., Dolch, Timothy, Drachler, Brendan, Ellis, Justin A., Ferdman, Robert D., Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Garver-Daniels, Nate, Gentile, Peter A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Gültekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron D., Jones, Megan L., Kaiser, Andrew R., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Liu, Tingting, Lorimer, Duncan R., Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., Meyers, Patrick M., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Ng, Cherry, Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Pol, Nihan S., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmitz, Kai, Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa, Spiewak, Renée, Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Stovall, Kevin, Sun, Jerry P., Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Jacob, Taylor, Stephen R., Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, Vigeland, Sarah J., Wahl, Haley M., Witt, Caitlin A., and Young, Olivia
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the results of a Bayesian search for gravitational wave (GW) memory in the NANOGrav 12.5-yr data set. We find no convincing evidence for any gravitational wave memory signals in this data set (Bayes factor = 2.8). As such, we go on to place upper limits on the strain amplitude of GW memory events as a function of sky location and event epoch. These upper limits are computed using a signal model that assumes the existence of a common, spatially uncorrelated red noise in addition to a GW memory signal. The median strain upper limit as a function of sky position is approximately $3.3 \times 10^{-14}$. We also find that there are some differences in the upper limits as a function of sky position centered around PSR J0613$-$0200. This suggests that this pulsar has some excess noise which can be confounded with GW memory. Finally, the upper limits as a function of burst epoch continue to improve at later epochs. This improvement is attributable to the continued growth of the pulsar timing array., Comment: 29 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2023

10. Axion-Gauge Dynamics During Inflation as the Origin of Pulsar Timing Array Signals and Primordial Black Holes

Author: Unal, Caner, Papageorgiou, Alexandros, and Obata, Ippei
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We demonstrate that the recently announced signal for a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) from pulsar timing array (PTA) observations, if attributed to new physics, is compatible with primordial GW production due to axion-gauge dynamics during inflation. More specifically we find that axion-$U(1)$ models may lead to sufficient particle production to explain the signal while simultaneously source some fraction of sub-solar mass primordial black holes (PBHs) as a signature. Moreover there is a parity violation in GW sector, hence the model suggests chiral GW search as a concrete target for future. We further analyze the axion-$SU(2)$ coupling signatures and find that in the low/mild backreaction regime, it is incapable of producing PTA evidence and the tensor-to-scalar ratio is low at the peak, hence it overproduces scalar perturbations and PBHs., Comment: 2 figures, total 8 pages, published in PLB
Published: 2023
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11. The NANOGrav 15-year Gravitational-Wave Background Analysis Pipeline

Author: Johnson, Aaron D., Meyers, Patrick M., Baker, Paul T., Cornish, Neil J., Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Littenberg, Tyson B., Romano, Joseph D., Taylor, Stephen R., Vallisneri, Michele, Vigeland, Sarah J., Olum, Ken D., Siemens, Xavier, Ellis, Justin A., van Haasteren, Rutger, Hourihane, Sophie, Agazie, Gabriella, Anumarlapudi, Akash, Archibald, Anne M., Arzoumanian, Zaven, Blecha, Laura, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Bécsy, Bence, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatziioannou, Katerina, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, Crowter, Kathryn, DeCesar, Megan E., Demorest, Paul B., Dolch, Timothy, Drachler, Brendan, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Garver-Daniels, Nate, Gentile, Peter A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Gültekin, Kayhan, Jennings, Ross J., Jones, Megan L., Kaiser, Andrew R., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Kerr, Matthew, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Liu, Tingting, Lorimer, Duncan R., Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., McMann, Natasha, Meyers, Bradley W., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Ng, Cherry, Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Pennucci, Timothy T., Perera, Benetge B. P., Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmiedekamp, Carl, Schmiedekamp, Ann, Schmitz, Kai, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Stovall, Kevin, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Wahl, Haley M., Witt, Caitlin A., and Young, Olivia
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: This paper presents rigorous tests of pulsar timing array methods and software, examining their consistency across a wide range of injected parameters and signal strength. We discuss updates to the 15-year isotropic gravitational-wave background analyses and their corresponding code representations. Descriptions of the internal structure of the flagship algorithms \texttt{Enterprise} and \texttt{PTMCMCSampler} are given to facilitate understanding of the PTA likelihood structure, how models are built, and what methods are currently used in sampling the high-dimensional PTA parameter space. We introduce a novel version of the PTA likelihood that uses a two-step marginalization procedure that performs much faster when the white noise parameters remain fixed. We perform stringent tests of consistency and correctness of the Bayesian and frequentist analysis software. For the Bayesian analysis, we test prior recovery, injection recovery, and Bayes factors. For the frequentist analysis, we test that the cross-correlation-based optimal statistic, when modified to account for a non-negligible gravitational-wave background, accurately recovers the amplitude of the background. We also summarize recent advances and tests performed on the optimal statistic in the literature from both GWB detection and parameter estimation perspectives. The tests presented here validate current and future analyses of PTA data., Comment: 30 pages, 10 figures, 1 table; Companion paper to "The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-Wave Background"; For questions or comments, please email comments@nanograv.org
Published: 2023

12. The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries

Author: Agazie, Gabriella, Anumarlapudi, Akash, Archibald, Anne M., Arzoumanian, Zaven, Baker, Paul T., Bécsy, Bence, Blecha, Laura, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Case, Robin, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil, Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, Crowter, Kathryn, DeCesar, Megan, Demorest, Paul B., Digman, Matthew C., Dolch, Timothy, Drachler, Brendan, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel, Garver-Daniels, Nathaniel, Gentile, Peter, Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah, Gültekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey, Hourihane, Sophie, Jennings, Ross, Johnson, Aaron D., Jones, Megan, Kaiser, Andrew R., Kaplan, David, Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Kerr, Matthew, Key, Joey, Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael, Lamb, William G., Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Liu, Tingting, Lorimer, Duncan R., Luo, Jing Santiago, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin, McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura, McMann, Natasha, Meyers, Bradley W., Meyers, Patrick M., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., mitridate, andrea, natarajan, priya, Ng, Cherry, Nice, David, Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken, Pennucci, Timothy T., Perera, Benetge, Petrov, Polina, Pol, Nihan, Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott, Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph, Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmiedekamp, Ann, Schmiedekamp, Carl, Schmitz, Kai, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena, Stairs, Ingrid, Stinebring, Dan, Stovall, Kevin, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph, Taylor, Jacob, Taylor, Stephen, Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, van Haasteren, Rutger, Vigeland, Sarah J., Wahl, Haley M., Witt, Caitlin, and Young, Olivia
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: Evidence for a low-frequency stochastic gravitational wave background has recently been reported based on analyses of pulsar timing array data. The most likely source of such a background is a population of supermassive black hole binaries, the loudest of which may be individually detected in these datasets. Here we present the search for individual supermassive black hole binaries in the NANOGrav 15-year dataset. We introduce several new techniques, which enhance the efficiency and modeling accuracy of the analysis. The search uncovered weak evidence for two candidate signals, one with a gravitational-wave frequency of $\sim$4 nHz, and another at $\sim$170 nHz. The significance of the low-frequency candidate was greatly diminished when Hellings-Downs correlations were included in the background model. The high-frequency candidate was discounted due to the lack of a plausible host galaxy, the unlikely astrophysical prior odds of finding such a source, and since most of its support comes from a single pulsar with a commensurate binary period. Finding no compelling evidence for signals from individual binary systems, we place upper limits on the strain amplitude of gravitational waves emitted by such systems., Comment: 23 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters as part of Focus on NANOGrav's 15-year Data Set and the Gravitational Wave Background. For questions or comments, please email comments@nanograv.org
Published: 2023
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13. The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Search for Anisotropy in the Gravitational-Wave Background

Author: Agazie, Gabriella, Anumarlapudi, Akash, Archibald, Anne M., Arzoumanian, Zaven, Baker, Paul T., Bécsy, Bence, Blecha, Laura, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, Crowter, Kathryn, DeCesar, Megan E., Demorest, Paul B., Dolch, Timothy, Drachler, Brendan, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Gardiner, Emiko, Garver-Daniels, Nate, Gentile, Peter A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Gültekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron D., Jones, Megan L., Kaiser, Andrew R., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Kerr, Matthew, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Liu, Tingting, Lorimer, Duncan R., Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., McMann, Natasha, Meyers, Bradley W., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Ng, Cherry, Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Perera, Benetge B. P., Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmiedekamp, Ann, Schmiedekamp, Carl, Schmitz, Kai, Schult, Levi, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Stovall, Kevin, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Stephen R., Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, Vigeland, Sarah J., Wahl, Haley M., Witt, Caitlin A., and Young, Olivia
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: The North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) has reported evidence for the presence of an isotropic nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB) in its 15 yr dataset. However, if the GWB is produced by a population of inspiraling supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) systems, then the background is predicted to be anisotropic, depending on the distribution of these systems in the local Universe and the statistical properties of the SMBHB population. In this work, we search for anisotropy in the GWB using multiple methods and bases to describe the distribution of the GWB power on the sky. We do not find significant evidence of anisotropy, and place a Bayesian $95\%$ upper limit on the level of broadband anisotropy such that $(C_{l>0} / C_{l=0}) < 20\%$. We also derive conservative estimates on the anisotropy expected from a random distribution of SMBHB systems using astrophysical simulations conditioned on the isotropic GWB inferred in the 15-yr dataset, and show that this dataset has sufficient sensitivity to probe a large fraction of the predicted level of anisotropy. We end by highlighting the opportunities and challenges in searching for anisotropy in pulsar timing array data., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures; submitted to Astrophysical Journal Letters as part of Focus on NANOGrav's 15-year Data Set and the Gravitational Wave Background. For questions or comments, please email comments@nanograv.org
Published: 2023

14. The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries from the Gravitational Wave Background

Author: Agazie, Gabriella, Anumarlapudi, Akash, Archibald, Anne M., Baker, Paul T., Bécsy, Bence, Blecha, Laura, Bonilla, Alexander, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Burnette, Rand, Case, Robin, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatziioannou, Katerina, Cheeseboro, Belinda D., Chen, Siyuan, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, Crowter, Kathryn, Cutler, Curt J., D'Orazio, Daniel J., DeCesar, Megan E., DeGan, Dallas, Demorest, Paul B., Deng, Heling, Dolch, Timothy, Drachler, Brendan, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Gardiner, Emiko, Garver-Daniels, Nate, Gentile, Peter A., Gersbach, Kyle A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Gültekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Hourihane, Sophie, Islo, Kristina, Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron, Jones, Megan L., Kaiser, Andrew R., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Kerr, Matthew, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Littenberg, Tyson B., Liu, Tingting, Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., McMann, Natasha, Meyers, Bradley W., Meyers, Patrick M., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Natarajan, Priyamvada, Ng, Cherry, Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Perera, Benetge B. P., Petrov, Polina, Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Runnoe, Jessie C., Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmiedekamp, Ann, Schmiedekamp, Carl, Schmitz, Kai, Schult, Levi, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Stovall, Kevin, Sun, Jerry P., Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Jacob, Taylor, Stephen R., Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, Vigeland, Sarah J., Wachter, Jeremy M., Wahl, Haley M., Wang, Qiaohong, Witt, Caitlin A., Wright, David, and Young, Olivia
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: The NANOGrav 15-year data set shows evidence for the presence of a low-frequency gravitational-wave background (GWB). While many physical processes can source such low-frequency gravitational waves, here we analyze the signal as coming from a population of supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries distributed throughout the Universe. We show that astrophysically motivated models of SMBH binary populations are able to reproduce both the amplitude and shape of the observed low-frequency gravitational-wave spectrum. While multiple model variations are able to reproduce the GWB spectrum at our current measurement precision, our results highlight the importance of accurately modeling binary evolution for producing realistic GWB spectra. Additionally, while reasonable parameters are able to reproduce the 15-year observations, the implied GWB amplitude necessitates either a large number of parameters to be at the edges of expected values, or a small number of parameters to be notably different from standard expectations. While we are not yet able to definitively establish the origin of the inferred GWB signal, the consistency of the signal with astrophysical expectations offers a tantalizing prospect for confirming that SMBH binaries are able to form, reach sub-parsec separations, and eventually coalesce. As the significance grows over time, higher-order features of the GWB spectrum will definitively determine the nature of the GWB and allow for novel constraints on SMBH populations., Comment: Accepted by Astrophysical Journal Letters as part of Focus on NANOGrav's 15-year Data Set and the Gravitational Wave Background. For questions or comments, please email comments@nanograv.org. Edited to fix two equation typos (Eq.13 & 21), and minor text typos
Published: 2023
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15. The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Search for Signals from New Physics

Author: Afzal, Adeela, Agazie, Gabriella, Anumarlapudi, Akash, Archibald, Anne M., Arzoumanian, Zaven, Baker, Paul T., Bécsy, Bence, Blanco-Pillado, Jose Juan, Blecha, Laura, Boddy, Kimberly K., Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Burnette, Rand, Case, Robin, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatziioannou, Katerina, Cheeseboro, Belinda D., Chen, Siyuan, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, Crowter, Kathryn, Cutler, Curt J., DeCesar, Megan E., DeGan, Dallas, Demorest, Paul B., Deng, Heling, Dolch, Timothy, Drachler, Brendan, von Eckardstein, Richard, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Garver-Daniels, Nate, Gentile, Peter A., Gersbach, Kyle A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Guertin, Lydia, Gültekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Hourihane, Sophie, Islo, Kristina, Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron D., Jones, Megan L., Kaiser, Andrew R., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Kerr, Matthew, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lee, Vincent S. H., Lewandowska, Natalia, Santos, Rafael R. Lino dos, Littenberg, Tyson B., Liu, Tingting, Lorimer, Duncan R., Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., McMann, Natasha, Meyers, Bradley W., Meyers, Patrick M., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Nay, Jonathan, Natarajan, Priyamvada, Ng, Cherry, Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Perera, Benetge B. P., Petrov, Polina, Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmiedekamp, Ann, Schmiedekamp, Carl, Schmitz, Kai, Schröder, Tobias, Schult, Levi, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Stovall, Kevin, Stratmann, Peter, Sun, Jerry P., Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Jacob, Taylor, Stephen R., Trickle, Tanner, Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, Verma, Sonali, Vigeland, Sarah J., Wahl, Haley M., Wang, Qiaohong, Witt, Caitlin A., Wright, David, Young, Olivia, and Zurek, Kathryn M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The 15-year pulsar timing data set collected by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) shows positive evidence for the presence of a low-frequency gravitational-wave (GW) background. In this paper, we investigate potential cosmological interpretations of this signal, specifically cosmic inflation, scalar-induced GWs, first-order phase transitions, cosmic strings, and domain walls. We find that, with the exception of stable cosmic strings of field theory origin, all these models can reproduce the observed signal. When compared to the standard interpretation in terms of inspiraling supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), many cosmological models seem to provide a better fit resulting in Bayes factors in the range from 10 to 100. However, these results strongly depend on modeling assumptions about the cosmic SMBHB population and, at this stage, should not be regarded as evidence for new physics. Furthermore, we identify excluded parameter regions where the predicted GW signal from cosmological sources significantly exceeds the NANOGrav signal. These parameter constraints are independent of the origin of the NANOGrav signal and illustrate how pulsar timing data provide a new way to constrain the parameter space of these models. Finally, we search for deterministic signals produced by models of ultralight dark matter (ULDM) and dark matter substructures in the Milky Way. We find no evidence for either of these signals and thus report updated constraints on these models. In the case of ULDM, these constraints outperform torsion balance and atomic clock constraints for ULDM coupled to electrons, muons, or gluons., Comment: 74 pages, 31 figures, 4 tables; published in Astrophysical Journal Letters as part of Focus on NANOGrav's 15-year Data Set and the Gravitational Wave Background. For questions or comments, please email comments@nanograv.org
Published: 2023
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16. The NANOGrav 15-Year Data Set: Detector Characterization and Noise Budget

Author: Agazie, Gabriella, Anumarlapudi, Akash, Archibald, Anne M., Arzoumanian, Zaven, Baker, Paul T., Bécsy, Bence, Blecha, Laura, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, Crowter, Kathryn, Decesar, Megan E., Demorest, Paul B., Dolch, Timothy, Drachler, Brendan, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Garver-Daniels, Nate, Gentile, Peter A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Guertin, Lydia, Gültekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron D., Jones, Megan L., Kaiser, Andrew R., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Kerr, Matthew, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Liu, Tingting, Lorimer, Duncan R., Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., Mcewen, Alexander, Mckee, James W., Mclaughlin, Maura A., Mcmann, Natasha, Meyers, Bradley W., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Ng, Cherry, Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Perera, Benetge B. P., Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmiedekamp, Ann, Schmiedekamp, Carl, Schmitz, Kai, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Stovall, Kevin, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Stephen R., Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, Vigeland, Sarah J., Wahl, Haley M., Witt, Caitlin A., and Young, Olivia
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are galactic-scale gravitational wave detectors. Each individual arm, composed of a millisecond pulsar, a radio telescope, and a kiloparsecs-long path, differs in its properties but, in aggregate, can be used to extract low-frequency gravitational wave (GW) signals. We present a noise and sensitivity analysis to accompany the NANOGrav 15-year data release and associated papers, along with an in-depth introduction to PTA noise models. As a first step in our analysis, we characterize each individual pulsar data set with three types of white noise parameters and two red noise parameters. These parameters, along with the timing model and, particularly, a piecewise-constant model for the time-variable dispersion measure, determine the sensitivity curve over the low-frequency GW band we are searching. We tabulate information for all of the pulsars in this data release and present some representative sensitivity curves. We then combine the individual pulsar sensitivities using a signal-to-noise-ratio statistic to calculate the global sensitivity of the PTA to a stochastic background of GWs, obtaining a minimum noise characteristic strain of $7\times 10^{-15}$ at 5 nHz. A power law-integrated analysis shows rough agreement with the amplitudes recovered in NANOGrav's 15-year GW background analysis. While our phenomenological noise model does not model all known physical effects explicitly, it provides an accurate characterization of the noise in the data while preserving sensitivity to multiple classes of GW signals., Comment: 67 pages, 73 figures, 3 tables; published in Astrophysical Journal Letters as part of Focus on NANOGrav's 15-year Data Set and the Gravitational Wave Background. For questions or comments, please email comments@nanograv.org
Published: 2023
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17. The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Observations and Timing of 68 Millisecond Pulsars

Author: Agazie, Gabriella, Alam, Md Faisal, Anumarlapudi, Akash, Archibald, Anne M., Arzoumanian, Zaven, Baker, Paul T., Blecha, Laura, Bonidie, Victoria, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Bécsy, Bence, Chapman, Christopher, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, Crowter, Kathryn, DeCesar, Megan E., Demorest, Paul B., Dolch, Timothy, Drachler, Brendan, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Garver-Daniels, Nate, Gentile, Peter A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Gültekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Jennings, Ross J., Jessup, Cody, Johnson, Aaron D., Jones, Megan L., Kaiser, Andrew R., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Kerr, Matthew, Key, Joey S., Kuske, Anastasia, Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Lin, Ye, Liu, Tingting, Lorimer, Duncan R., Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., Maraccini, Kaleb, McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., McMann, Natasha, Meyers, Bradley W., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Ng, Cherry, Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Panciu, Elisa, Pennucci, Timothy T., Perera, Benetge B. P., Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Salo, Laura, Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmiedekamp, Carl, Schmiedekamp, Ann, Schmitz, Kai, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Stovall, Kevin, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Stephen R., Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, Vigeland, Sarah J., Wahl, Haley M., Wang, Qiaohong, Witt, Caitlin A., and Young, Olivia
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We present observations and timing analyses of 68 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) comprising the 15-year data set of the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav). NANOGrav is a pulsar timing array (PTA) experiment that is sensitive to low-frequency gravitational waves. This is NANOGrav's fifth public data release, including both "narrowband" and "wideband" time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements and corresponding pulsar timing models. We have added 21 MSPs and extended our timing baselines by three years, now spanning nearly 16 years for some of our sources. The data were collected using the Arecibo Observatory, the Green Bank Telescope, and the Very Large Array between frequencies of 327 MHz and 3 GHz, with most sources observed approximately monthly. A number of notable methodological and procedural changes were made compared to our previous data sets. These improve the overall quality of the TOA data set and are part of the transition to new pulsar timing and PTA analysis software packages. For the first time, our data products are accompanied by a full suite of software to reproduce data reduction, analysis, and results. Our timing models include a variety of newly detected astrometric and binary pulsar parameters, including several significant improvements to pulsar mass constraints. We find that the time series of 23 pulsars contain detectable levels of red noise, 10 of which are new measurements. In this data set, we find evidence for a stochastic gravitational-wave background., Comment: 90 pages, 74 figures, 6 tables; published in Astrophysical Journal Letters as part of Focus on NANOGrav's 15-year Data Set and the Gravitational Wave Background. For questions or comments, please email comments@nanograv.org
Published: 2023
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18. The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-Wave Background

Author: Agazie, Gabriella, Anumarlapudi, Akash, Archibald, Anne M., Arzoumanian, Zaven, Baker, Paul T., Becsy, Bence, Blecha, Laura, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Burnette, Rand, Case, Robin, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatziioannou, Katerina, Cheeseboro, Belinda D., Chen, Siyuan, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, Crowter, Kathryn, Cutler, Curt J., DeCesar, Megan E., DeGan, Dallas, Demorest, Paul B., Deng, Heling, Dolch, Timothy, Drachler, Brendan, Ellis, Justin A., Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Garver-Daniels, Nate, Gentile, Peter A., Gersbach, Kyle A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Gultekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Hourihane, Sophie, Islo, Kristina, Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron D., Jones, Megan L., Kaiser, Andrew R., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Kerr, Matthew, Key, Joey S., Klein, Tonia C., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Littenberg, Tyson B., Liu, Tingting, Lommen, Andrea, Lorimer, Duncan R., Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., Mattson, Margaret A., McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., McMann, Natasha, Meyers, Bradley W., Meyers, Patrick M., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Natarajan, Priyamvada, Ng, Cherry, Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Perera, Benetge B. P., Petrov, Polina, Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmiedekamp, Ann, Schmiedekamp, Carl, Schmitz, Kai, Schult, Levi, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Stovall, Kevin, Sun, Jerry P., Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Jacob, Taylor, Stephen R., Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, van Haasteren, Rutger, Vigeland, Sarah J., Wahl, Haley M., Wang, Qiaohong, Witt, Caitlin A., and Young, Olivia
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: We report multiple lines of evidence for a stochastic signal that is correlated among 67 pulsars from the 15-year pulsar-timing data set collected by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves. The correlations follow the Hellings-Downs pattern expected for a stochastic gravitational-wave background. The presence of such a gravitational-wave background with a power-law-spectrum is favored over a model with only independent pulsar noises with a Bayes factor in excess of $10^{14}$, and this same model is favored over an uncorrelated common power-law-spectrum model with Bayes factors of 200-1000, depending on spectral modeling choices. We have built a statistical background distribution for these latter Bayes factors using a method that removes inter-pulsar correlations from our data set, finding $p = 10^{-3}$ (approx. $3\sigma$) for the observed Bayes factors in the null no-correlation scenario. A frequentist test statistic built directly as a weighted sum of inter-pulsar correlations yields $p = 5 \times 10^{-5} - 1.9 \times 10^{-4}$ (approx. $3.5 - 4\sigma$). Assuming a fiducial $f^{-2/3}$ characteristic-strain spectrum, as appropriate for an ensemble of binary supermassive black-hole inspirals, the strain amplitude is $2.4^{+0.7}_{-0.6} \times 10^{-15}$ (median + 90% credible interval) at a reference frequency of 1/(1 yr). The inferred gravitational-wave background amplitude and spectrum are consistent with astrophysical expectations for a signal from a population of supermassive black-hole binaries, although more exotic cosmological and astrophysical sources cannot be excluded. The observation of Hellings-Downs correlations points to the gravitational-wave origin of this signal., Comment: 30 pages, 18 figures. Published in Astrophysical Journal Letters as part of Focus on NANOGrav's 15-year Data Set and the Gravitational Wave Background. For questions or comments, please email comments@nanograv.org
Published: 2023
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19. Accretion, Evaporation and Superradiance Phase Diagram of (Primordial) Black Holes and $10^{-21}-10^{21}$ eV Scalar, Vector, Tensor Fields

Author: Unal, Caner
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: We obtain the accretion, evaporation and superradiance phase diagram of astrophysical and primordial black holes in the mass range $10^{-33}-10^{11} \, M_\odot $. This black hole mass range corresponds to production of $10^{-21} - 10^{21}$ eV particles for superradiance (bosons) and evaporation (bosons and fermions). Only accretion and superradiance processes are relevant for heavy black holes, on the other hand for light black holes of primordial origin, all three processes can be relevant. We find that superradiance instability can happen even for black hole spin values as low as $10^{-9}-10^{-2}$. Since light black holes are very unstable to these perturbations and sensitive probes of bosonic particles, a single moderately spinning BH can probe 2-9 orders of magnitude of mass parameter space depending on the nature of the perturbations that are scalar (axion), vector (dark photon and/or photon with effective mass) and spin-2. If spinning black holes are observed, namely superradiance is not observed, due to self-interactions, we find limits on the axion decay constant and energy density., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication
Published: 2023

20. Probing ultralight scalar, vector and tensor dark matter with pulsar timing arrays

Author: Unal, Caner, Urban, Federico R., and Kovetz, Ely D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are sensitive to oscillations in the gravitational potential along the line-of-sight due to ultralight particle pressure. We calculate the probing power of PTAs for ultralight bosons across all frequencies, from those larger than the inverse observation time to those smaller than the inverse distance to the pulsar. We show that since the signal amplitude grows comparably to the degradation in PTA sensitivity at frequencies smaller than inverse observation time, the discovery potential can be extended towards lower masses by over three decades, maintaining high precision. We demonstrate that, in the mass range $10^{-26} -10^{-23}$ eV, existing 15-year PTA data can robustly detect or rule out an ultralight component down to $O(1 - 10)\%$ of the total dark matter. Non-detection, together with other bounds in different mass ranges, will imply that ultralight scalar/axion can comprise at most $1-10\%$ of dark matter in the $10^{-30}\!-\!10^{-17}$ eV range. With 30 years of observation, current PTAs can extend the reach down to $0.1-1 \%$, while next-generation PTAs such as SKA can attain the $0.01-0.1\%$ precision. We generalize the analysis and derive predictions for ultralight spin-1 vector (i.e. dark photon) and spin-2 tensor dark components., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted by PLB
Published: 2022
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21. Unveiling cosmological information on small scales with line intensity mapping

Author: Libanore, Sarah, Unal, Caner, Sarkar, Debanjan, and Kovetz, Ely D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: One of the toughest challenges in modern cosmology is to probe the small scales $k \sim 0.5\,$Mpc$^{-1}$ in the matter power spectrum and clustering. We show that such small scales will be accessible via upcoming line-intensity mapping surveys, with carbon monoxide (CO) emission from star-forming galaxies at high redshifts as an example. While these galaxies cannot be individually detected and the two-point correlations of the intensity fluctuation maps is not accessible at these scales, the voxel intensity distribution (VID) of the highly non-Gaussian intensity maps is sensitive to the integrated emission from faint sources. As we describe, the main limitations are due to uncertainties related with the halo mass function and the CO emission model. We show that via the VID, high-redshift next-generation experiments can probe deviations from $\Lambda$CDM of order unity, while stage-3 experiments will be able to probe deviations as small as $\lesssim10\%$ at least up to $k\sim 10\,$Mpc$^{-1}$., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures. Version accepted for publication
Published: 2022
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22. Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

Author: Auclair, Pierre, Bacon, David, Baker, Tessa, Barreiro, Tiago, Bartolo, Nicola, Belgacem, Enis, Bellomo, Nicola, Ben-Dayan, Ido, Bertacca, Daniele, Besancon, Marc, Blanco-Pillado, Jose J., Blas, Diego, Boileau, Guillaume, Calcagni, Gianluca, Caldwell, Robert, Caprini, Chiara, Carbone, Carmelita, Chang, Chia-Feng, Chen, Hsin-Yu, Christensen, Nelson, Clesse, Sebastien, Comelli, Denis, Congedo, Giuseppe, Contaldi, Carlo, Crisostomi, Marco, Croon, Djuna, Cui, Yanou, Cusin, Giulia, Cutting, Daniel, Dalang, Charles, De Luca, Valerio, Del Pozzo, Walter, Desjacques, Vincent, Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela, Dorsch, Glauber C., Ezquiaga, Jose Maria, Fasiello, Matteo, Figueroa, Daniel G., Flauger, Raphael, Franciolini, Gabriele, Frusciante, Noemi, Fumagalli, Jacopo, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Gould, Oliver, Holz, Daniel, Iacconi, Laura, Jain, Rajeev Kumar, Jenkins, Alexander C., Jinno, Ryusuke, Joana, Cristian, Karnesis, Nikolaos, Konstandin, Thomas, Koyama, Kazuya, Kozaczuk, Jonathan, Kuroyanagi, Sachiko, Laghi, Danny, Lewicki, Marek, Lombriser, Lucas, Madge, Eric, Maggiore, Michele, Malhotra, Ameek, Mancarella, Michele, Mandic, Vuk, Mangiagli, Alberto, Matarrese, Sabino, Mazumdar, Anupam, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Musco, Ilia, Nardini, Germano, No, Jose Miguel, Papanikolaou, Theodoros, Peloso, Marco, Pieroni, Mauro, Pilo, Luigi, Raccanelli, Alvise, Renaux-Petel, Sébastien, Renzini, Arianna I., Ricciardone, Angelo, Riotto, Antonio, Romano, Joseph D., Rollo, Rocco, Pol, Alberto Roper, Morales, Ester Ruiz, Sakellariadou, Mairi, Saltas, Ippocratis D., Scalisi, Marco, Schmitz, Kai, Schwaller, Pedro, Sergijenko, Olga, Servant, Geraldine, Simakachorn, Peera, Sorbo, Lorenzo, Sousa, Lara, Speri, Lorenzo, Steer, Danièle A., Tamanini, Nicola, Tasinato, Gianmassimo, Torrado, Jesus, Unal, Caner, Vennin, Vincent, Vernieri, Daniele, Vernizzi, Filippo, Volonteri, Marta, Wachter, Jeremy M., Wands, David, Witkowski, Lukas T., Zumalacárregui, Miguel, Annis, James, Ares, Fëanor Reuben, Avelino, Pedro P., Avgoustidis, Anastasios, Barausse, Enrico, Bonilla, Alexander, Bonvin, Camille, Bosso, Pasquale, Calabrese, Matteo, Çalışkan, Mesut, Cembranos, Jose A. R., Chala, Mikael, Chernoff, David, Clough, Katy, Criswell, Alexander, Das, Saurya, da Silva, Antonio, Dayal, Pratika, Domcke, Valerie, Durrer, Ruth, Easther, Richard, Escoffier, Stephanie, Ferrans, Sandrine, Fryer, Chris, Gair, Jonathan, Gordon, Chris, Hendry, Martin, Hindmarsh, Mark, Hooper, Deanna C., Kajfasz, Eric, Kopp, Joachim, Koushiappas, Savvas M., Kumar, Utkarsh, Kunz, Martin, Lagos, Macarena, Lilley, Marc, Lizarraga, Joanes, Lobo, Francisco S. N., Maleknejad, Azadeh, Martins, C. J. A. P., Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyer, Renate, Mimoso, José Pedro, Nesseris, Savvas, Nunes, Nelson, Oikonomou, Vasilis, Orlando, Giorgio, Özsoy, Ogan, Pacucci, Fabio, Palmese, Antonella, Petiteau, Antoine, Pinol, Lucas, Zwart, Simon Portegies, Pratten, Geraint, Prokopec, Tomislav, Quenby, John, Rastgoo, Saeed, Roest, Diederik, Rummukainen, Kari, Schimd, Carlo, Secroun, Aurelia, Sopuerta, Carlos F., Tereno, Ismael, Tolley, Andrew, Urrestilla, Jon, Vagenas, Elias C., van de Vis, Jorinde, van de Weygaert, Rien, Wardell, Barry, Weir, David J., White, Graham, Świeżewska, Bogumila, and Zhdanov, Valery I.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has two scientific objectives of cosmological focus: to probe the expansion rate of the universe, and to understand stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and their implications for early universe and particle physics, from the MeV to the Planck scale. However, the range of potential cosmological applications of gravitational wave observations extends well beyond these two objectives. This publication presents a summary of the state of the art in LISA cosmology, theory and methods, and identifies new opportunities to use gravitational wave observations by LISA to probe the universe.
Published: 2022

23. Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

Author: Seoane, Pau Amaro, Andrews, Jeff, Sedda, Manuel Arca, Askar, Abbas, Baghi, Quentin, Balasov, Razvan, Bartos, Imre, Bavera, Simone S., Bellovary, Jillian, Berry, Christopher P. L., Berti, Emanuele, Bianchi, Stefano, Blecha, Laura, Blondin, Stephane, Bogdanović, Tamara, Boissier, Samuel, Bonetti, Matteo, Bonoli, Silvia, Bortolas, Elisa, Breivik, Katelyn, Capelo, Pedro R., Caramete, Laurentiu, Cattorini, Federico, Charisi, Maria, Chaty, Sylvain, Chen, Xian, Chruślińska, Martyna, Chua, Alvin J. K., Church, Ross, Colpi, Monica, D'Orazio, Daniel, Danielski, Camilla, Davies, Melvyn B., Dayal, Pratika, De Rosa, Alessandra, Derdzinski, Andrea, Destounis, Kyriakos, Dotti, Massimo, Duţan, Ioana, Dvorkin, Irina, Fabj, Gaia, Foglizzo, Thierry, Ford, Saavik, Fouvry, Jean-Baptiste, Franchini, Alessia, Fragos, Tassos, Fryer, Chris, Gaspari, Massimo, Gerosa, Davide, Graziani, Luca, Groot, Paul, Habouzit, Melanie, Haggard, Daryl, Haiman, Zoltan, Han, Wen-Biao, Istrate, Alina, Johansson, Peter H., Khan, Fazeel Mahmood, Kimpson, Tomas, Kokkotas, Kostas, Kong, Albert, Korol, Valeriya, Kremer, Kyle, Kupfer, Thomas, Lamberts, Astrid, Larson, Shane, Lau, Mike, Liu, Dongliang, Lloyd-Ronning, Nicole, Lodato, Giuseppe, Lupi, Alessandro, Ma, Chung-Pei, Maccarone, Tomas, Mandel, Ilya, Mangiagli, Alberto, Mapelli, Michela, Mathis, Steéphane, Mayer, Lucio, McGee, Sean, McKernan, Berry, Miller, M. Coleman, Mota, David F., Mumpower, Matthew, Nasim, Syeda S, Nelemans, Gijs, Noble, Scott, Pacucci, Fabio, Panessa, Francesca, Paschalidis, Vasileio, Pfister, Hugo, Porquet, Delphine, Quenby, John, Ricarte, Angelo, Röpke, Friedrich K., Regan, John, Rosswog, Stephan, Ruiter, Ashley, Ruiz, Milton, Runnoe, Jessie, Schneider, Raffaella, Schnittman, Jeremy, Secunda, Amy, Sesana, Alberto, Seto, Naoki, Shao, Lijing, Shapiro, Stuart, Sopuerta, Carlos, Stone, Nicholas C., Suvorov, Arthur, Tamanini, Nicola, Tamfal, Tomas, Tauris, Thomas, Temmink, Karel, Tomsick, John, Toonen, Silvia, Torres-Orjuela, Alejandro, Toscani, Martina, Tsokaros, Antonios, Unal, Caner, Vázquez-Aceves, Verónica, Valiante, Rosa, van Putten, Maurice, van Roestel, Jan, Vignali, Christian, Volonteri, Marta, Wu, Kinwah, Younsi, Ziri, Yu, Shenghua, Zane, Silvia, Zwick, Lorenz, Antonini, Fabio, Baibhav, Vishal, Barausse, Enrico, Rivera, Alexander Bonilla, Branchesi, Marica, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Burdge, Kevin, Chakraborty, Srija, Cuadra, Jorge, Dage, Kristen, Davis, Benjamin, de Mink, Selma E., Decarli, Roberto, Doneva, Daniela, Escoffier, Stephanie, Fragione, Giacomo, Gandhi, Poshak, Haardt, Francesco, Lousto, Carlos O., Nissanke, Samaya, Nordhaus, Jason, O'Shaughnessy, Richard, Zwart, Simon Portegies, Pound, Adam, Schussler, Fabian, Sergijenko, Olga, Spallicci, Alessandro, Vernieri, Daniele, and Vigna-Gómez, Alejandro
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be a transformative experiment for gravitational wave astronomy, and, as such, it will offer unique opportunities to address many key astrophysical questions in a completely novel way. The synergy with ground-based and space-born instruments in the electromagnetic domain, by enabling multi-messenger observations, will add further to the discovery potential of LISA. The next decade is crucial to prepare the astrophysical community for LISA's first observations. This review outlines the extensive landscape of astrophysical theory, numerical simulations, and astronomical observations that are instrumental for modeling and interpreting the upcoming LISA datastream. To this aim, the current knowledge in three main source classes for LISA is reviewed; ultracompact stellar-mass binaries, massive black hole binaries, and extreme or intermediate mass ratio inspirals. The relevant astrophysical processes and the established modeling techniques are summarized. Likewise, open issues and gaps in our understanding of these sources are highlighted, along with an indication of how LISA could help making progress in the different areas. New research avenues that LISA itself, or its joint exploitation with upcoming studies in the electromagnetic domain, will enable, are also illustrated. Improvements in modeling and analysis approaches, such as the combination of numerical simulations and modern data science techniques, are discussed. This review is intended to be a starting point for using LISA as a new discovery tool for understanding our Universe.
Published: 2022
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24. Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

Author: Auclair, Pierre, Bacon, David, Baker, Tessa, Barreiro, Tiago, Bartolo, Nicola, Belgacem, Enis, Bellomo, Nicola, Ben-Dayan, Ido, Bertacca, Daniele, Besancon, Marc, Blanco-Pillado, Jose J., Blas, Diego, Boileau, Guillaume, Calcagni, Gianluca, Caldwell, Robert, Caprini, Chiara, Carbone, Carmelita, Chang, Chia-Feng, Chen, Hsin-Yu, Christensen, Nelson, Clesse, Sebastien, Comelli, Denis, Congedo, Giuseppe, Contaldi, Carlo, Crisostomi, Marco, Croon, Djuna, Cui, Yanou, Cusin, Giulia, Cutting, Daniel, Dalang, Charles, De Luca, Valerio, Pozzo, Walter Del, Desjacques, Vincent, Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela, Dorsch, Glauber C., Ezquiaga, Jose Maria, Fasiello, Matteo, Figueroa, Daniel G., Flauger, Raphael, Franciolini, Gabriele, Frusciante, Noemi, Fumagalli, Jacopo, García-Bellido, Juan, Gould, Oliver, Holz, Daniel, Iacconi, Laura, Jain, Rajeev Kumar, Jenkins, Alexander C., Jinno, Ryusuke, Joana, Cristian, Karnesis, Nikolaos, Konstandin, Thomas, Koyama, Kazuya, Kozaczuk, Jonathan, Kuroyanagi, Sachiko, Laghi, Danny, Lewicki, Marek, Lombriser, Lucas, Madge, Eric, Maggiore, Michele, Malhotra, Ameek, Mancarella, Michele, Mandic, Vuk, Mangiagli, Alberto, Matarrese, Sabino, Mazumdar, Anupam, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Musco, Ilia, Nardini, Germano, No, Jose Miguel, Papanikolaou, Theodoros, Peloso, Marco, Pieroni, Mauro, Pilo, Luigi, Raccanelli, Alvise, Renaux-Petel, Sébastien, Renzini, Arianna I., Ricciardone, Angelo, Riotto, Antonio, Romano, Joseph D., Rollo, Rocco, Pol, Alberto Roper, Morales, Ester Ruiz, Sakellariadou, Mairi, Saltas, Ippocratis D., Scalisi, Marco, Schmitz, Kai, Schwaller, Pedro, Sergijenko, Olga, Servant, Geraldine, Simakachorn, Peera, Sorbo, Lorenzo, Sousa, Lara, Speri, Lorenzo, Steer, Danièle A., Tamanini, Nicola, Tasinato, Gianmassimo, Torrado, Jesús, Unal, Caner, Vennin, Vincent, Vernieri, Daniele, Vernizzi, Filippo, Volonteri, Marta, Wachter, Jeremy M., Wands, David, Witkowski, Lukas T., Zumalacárregui, Miguel, Annis, James, Ares, Fëanor Reuben, Avelino, Pedro P., Avgoustidis, Anastasios, Barausse, Enrico, Bonilla, Alexander, Bonvin, Camille, Bosso, Pasquale, Calabrese, Matteo, Çalışkan, Mesut, Cembranos, Jose A. R., Chala, Mikael, Chernoff, David, Clough, Katy, Criswell, Alexander, Das, Saurya, Silva, Antonio da, Dayal, Pratika, Domcke, Valerie, Durrer, Ruth, Easther, Richard, Escoffier, Stephanie, Ferrans, Sandrine, Fryer, Chris, Gair, Jonathan, Gordon, Chris, Hendry, Martin, Hindmarsh, Mark, Hooper, Deanna C., Kajfasz, Eric, Kopp, Joachim, Koushiappas, Savvas M., Kumar, Utkarsh, Kunz, Martin, Lagos, Macarena, Lilley, Marc, Lizarraga, Joanes, Lobo, Francisco S. N., Maleknejad, Azadeh, Martins, C. J. A. P., Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyer, Renate, Mimoso, José Pedro, Nesseris, Savvas, Nunes, Nelson, Oikonomou, Vasilis, Orlando, Giorgio, Özsoy, Ogan, Pacucci, Fabio, Palmese, Antonella, Petiteau, Antoine, Pinol, Lucas, Zwart, Simon Portegies, Pratten, Geraint, Prokopec, Tomislav, Quenby, John, Rastgoo, Saeed, Roest, Diederik, Rummukainen, Kari, Schimd, Carlo, Secroun, Aurélia, Sesana, Alberto, Sopuerta, Carlos F., Tereno, Ismael, Tolley, Andrew, Urrestilla, Jon, Vagenas, Elias C., van de Vis, Jorinde, van de Weygaert, Rien, Wardell, Barry, Weir, David J., White, Graham, Świeżewska, Bogumiła, and Zhdanov, Valery I.
Published: 2023
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25. Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

Author: Amaro-Seoane, Pau, Andrews, Jeff, Arca Sedda, Manuel, Askar, Abbas, Baghi, Quentin, Balasov, Razvan, Bartos, Imre, Bavera, Simone S., Bellovary, Jillian, Berry, Christopher P. L., Berti, Emanuele, Bianchi, Stefano, Blecha, Laura, Blondin, Stéphane, Bogdanović, Tamara, Boissier, Samuel, Bonetti, Matteo, Bonoli, Silvia, Bortolas, Elisa, Breivik, Katelyn, Capelo, Pedro R., Caramete, Laurentiu, Cattorini, Federico, Charisi, Maria, Chaty, Sylvain, Chen, Xian, Chruślińska, Martyna, Chua, Alvin J. K., Church, Ross, Colpi, Monica, D’Orazio, Daniel, Danielski, Camilla, Davies, Melvyn B., Dayal, Pratika, De Rosa, Alessandra, Derdzinski, Andrea, Destounis, Kyriakos, Dotti, Massimo, Duţan, Ioana, Dvorkin, Irina, Fabj, Gaia, Foglizzo, Thierry, Ford, Saavik, Fouvry, Jean-Baptiste, Franchini, Alessia, Fragos, Tassos, Fryer, Chris, Gaspari, Massimo, Gerosa, Davide, Graziani, Luca, Groot, Paul, Habouzit, Melanie, Haggard, Daryl, Haiman, Zoltan, Han, Wen-Biao, Istrate, Alina, Johansson, Peter H., Khan, Fazeel Mahmood, Kimpson, Tomas, Kokkotas, Kostas, Kong, Albert, Korol, Valeriya, Kremer, Kyle, Kupfer, Thomas, Lamberts, Astrid, Larson, Shane, Lau, Mike, Liu, Dongliang, Lloyd-Ronning, Nicole, Lodato, Giuseppe, Lupi, Alessandro, Ma, Chung-Pei, Maccarone, Tomas, Mandel, Ilya, Mangiagli, Alberto, Mapelli, Michela, Mathis, Stéphane, Mayer, Lucio, McGee, Sean, McKernan, Berry, Miller, M. Coleman, Mota, David F., Mumpower, Matthew, Nasim, Syeda S., Nelemans, Gijs, Noble, Scott, Pacucci, Fabio, Panessa, Francesca, Paschalidis, Vasileios, Pfister, Hugo, Porquet, Delphine, Quenby, John, Ricarte, Angelo, Röpke, Friedrich K., Regan, John, Rosswog, Stephan, Ruiter, Ashley, Ruiz, Milton, Runnoe, Jessie, Schneider, Raffaella, Schnittman, Jeremy, Secunda, Amy, Sesana, Alberto, Seto, Naoki, Shao, Lijing, Shapiro, Stuart, Sopuerta, Carlos, Stone, Nicholas C., Suvorov, Arthur, Tamanini, Nicola, Tamfal, Tomas, Tauris, Thomas, Temmink, Karel, Tomsick, John, Toonen, Silvia, Torres-Orjuela, Alejandro, Toscani, Martina, Tsokaros, Antonios, Unal, Caner, Vázquez-Aceves, Verónica, Valiante, Rosa, van Putten, Maurice, van Roestel, Jan, Vignali, Christian, Volonteri, Marta, Wu, Kinwah, Younsi, Ziri, Yu, Shenghua, Zane, Silvia, Zwick, Lorenz, Antonini, Fabio, Baibhav, Vishal, Barausse, Enrico, Bonilla Rivera, Alexander, Branchesi, Marica, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Burdge, Kevin, Chakraborty, Srija, Cuadra, Jorge, Dage, Kristen, Davis, Benjamin, de Mink, Selma E., Decarli, Roberto, Doneva, Daniela, Escoffier, Stephanie, Gandhi, Poshak, Haardt, Francesco, Lousto, Carlos O., Nissanke, Samaya, Nordhaus, Jason, O’Shaughnessy, Richard, Portegies Zwart, Simon, Pound, Adam, Schussler, Fabian, Sergijenko, Olga, Spallicci, Alessandro, Vernieri, Daniele, and Vigna-Gómez, Alejandro
Published: 2023
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26. How to Detect an Astrophysical Nanohertz Gravitational Wave Background

Author: Bécsy, Bence, primary, Cornish, Neil J., additional, Meyers, Patrick M., additional, Kelley, Luke Zoltan, additional, Agazie, Gabriella, additional, Anumarlapudi, Akash, additional, Archibald, Anne M., additional, Arzoumanian, Zaven, additional, Baker, Paul T., additional, Blecha, Laura, additional, Brazier, Adam, additional, Brook, Paul R., additional, Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, additional, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, additional, Charisi, Maria, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chatziioannou, Katerina, additional, Cohen, Tyler, additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crawford, Fronefield, additional, Cromartie, H. Thankful, additional, Crowter, Kathryn, additional, DeCesar, Megan E., additional, Demorest, Paul B., additional, Dolch, Timothy, additional, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., additional, Fiore, William, additional, Fonseca, Emmanuel, additional, Freedman, Gabriel E., additional, Garver-Daniels, Nate, additional, Gentile, Peter A., additional, Glaser, Joseph, additional, Good, Deborah C., additional, Gültekin, Kayhan, additional, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., additional, Hourihane, Sophie, additional, Jennings, Ross J., additional, Johnson, Aaron D., additional, Jones, Megan L., additional, Kaiser, Andrew R., additional, Kaplan, David L., additional, Kerr, Matthew, additional, Key, Joey S., additional, Laal, Nima, additional, Lam, Michael T., additional, Lamb, William G., additional, W. Lazio, T. Joseph, additional, Lewandowska, Natalia, additional, Littenberg, Tyson B., additional, Liu, Tingting, additional, Lorimer, Duncan R., additional, Luo, Jing, additional, Lynch, Ryan S., additional, Ma, Chung-Pei, additional, Madison, Dustin R., additional, McEwen, Alexander, additional, McKee, James W., additional, McLaughlin, Maura A., additional, McMann, Natasha, additional, Meyers, Bradley W., additional, Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., additional, Mitridate, Andrea, additional, Ng, Cherry, additional, Nice, David J., additional, Ocker, Stella Koch, additional, Olum, Ken D., additional, Pennucci, Timothy T., additional, Perera, Benetge B. P., additional, Pol, Nihan S., additional, Radovan, Henri A., additional, Ransom, Scott M., additional, Ray, Paul S., additional, Romano, Joseph D., additional, Sardesai, Shashwat C., additional, Schmiedekamp, Ann, additional, Schmiedekamp, Carl, additional, Schmitz, Kai, additional, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., additional, Siemens, Xavier, additional, Simon, Joseph, additional, Siwek, Magdalena S., additional, Sosa Fiscella, Sophia V., additional, Stairs, Ingrid H., additional, Stinebring, Daniel R., additional, Stovall, Kevin, additional, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, additional, Swiggum, Joseph K., additional, Taylor, Stephen R., additional, Turner, Jacob E., additional, Unal, Caner, additional, Vallisneri, Michele, additional, van Haasteren, Rutger, additional, Vigeland, Sarah J., additional, Wahl, Haley M., additional, Witt, Caitlin A., additional, and Young, Olivia, additional
Published: 2023
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27. The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries from the Gravitational-wave Background

Author: Agazie, Gabriella, primary, Anumarlapudi, Akash, additional, Archibald, Anne M., additional, Baker, Paul T., additional, Bécsy, Bence, additional, Blecha, Laura, additional, Bonilla, Alexander, additional, Brazier, Adam, additional, Brook, Paul R., additional, Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, additional, Burnette, Rand, additional, Case, Robin, additional, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, additional, Charisi, Maria, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chatziioannou, Katerina, additional, Cheeseboro, Belinda D., additional, Chen, Siyuan, additional, Cohen, Tyler, additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Cornish, Neil J., additional, Crawford, Fronefield, additional, Cromartie, H. Thankful, additional, Crowter, Kathryn, additional, Cutler, Curt J., additional, D’Orazio, Daniel J., additional, DeCesar, Megan E., additional, DeGan, Dallas, additional, Demorest, Paul B., additional, Deng, Heling, additional, Dolch, Timothy, additional, Drachler, Brendan, additional, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., additional, Fiore, William, additional, Fonseca, Emmanuel, additional, Freedman, Gabriel E., additional, Gardiner, Emiko, additional, Garver-Daniels, Nate, additional, Gentile, Peter A., additional, Gersbach, Kyle A., additional, Glaser, Joseph, additional, Good, Deborah C., additional, Gültekin, Kayhan, additional, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., additional, Hourihane, Sophie, additional, Islo, Kristina, additional, Jennings, Ross J., additional, Johnson, Aaron, additional, Jones, Megan L., additional, Kaiser, Andrew R., additional, Kaplan, David L., additional, Kelley, Luke Zoltan, additional, Kerr, Matthew, additional, Key, Joey S., additional, Laal, Nima, additional, Lam, Michael T., additional, Lamb, William G., additional, W. Lazio, T. Joseph, additional, Lewandowska, Natalia, additional, Littenberg, Tyson B., additional, Liu, Tingting, additional, Luo, Jing, additional, Lynch, Ryan S., additional, Ma, Chung-Pei, additional, Madison, Dustin R., additional, McEwen, Alexander, additional, McKee, James W., additional, McLaughlin, Maura A., additional, McMann, Natasha, additional, Meyers, Bradley W., additional, Meyers, Patrick M., additional, Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., additional, Mitridate, Andrea, additional, Natarajan, Priyamvada, additional, Ng, Cherry, additional, Nice, David J., additional, Ocker, Stella Koch, additional, Olum, Ken D., additional, Pennucci, Timothy T., additional, Perera, Benetge B. P., additional, Petrov, Polina, additional, Pol, Nihan S., additional, Radovan, Henri A., additional, Ransom, Scott M., additional, Ray, Paul S., additional, Romano, Joseph D., additional, Runnoe, Jessie C., additional, Sardesai, Shashwat C., additional, Schmiedekamp, Ann, additional, Schmiedekamp, Carl, additional, Schmitz, Kai, additional, Schult, Levi, additional, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., additional, Siemens, Xavier, additional, Simon, Joseph, additional, Siwek, Magdalena S., additional, Stairs, Ingrid H., additional, Stinebring, Daniel R., additional, Stovall, Kevin, additional, Sun, Jerry P., additional, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, additional, Swiggum, Joseph K., additional, Taylor, Jacob, additional, Taylor, Stephen R., additional, Turner, Jacob E., additional, Unal, Caner, additional, Vallisneri, Michele, additional, Vigeland, Sarah J., additional, Wachter, Jeremy M., additional, Wahl, Haley M., additional, Wang, Qiaohong, additional, Witt, Caitlin A., additional, Wright, David, additional, and Young, Olivia, additional
Published: 2023
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28. The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries

Author: Agazie, Gabriella, primary, Anumarlapudi, Akash, additional, Archibald, Anne M., additional, Arzoumanian, Zaven, additional, Baker, Paul T., additional, Bécsy, Bence, additional, Blecha, Laura, additional, Brazier, Adam, additional, Brook, Paul R., additional, Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, additional, Case, Robin, additional, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, additional, Charisi, Maria, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Cohen, Tyler, additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Cornish, Neil J., additional, Crawford, Fronefield, additional, Cromartie, H. Thankful, additional, Crowter, Kathryn, additional, DeCesar, Megan E., additional, Demorest, Paul B., additional, Digman, Matthew C., additional, Dolch, Timothy, additional, Drachler, Brendan, additional, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., additional, Fiore, William, additional, Fonseca, Emmanuel, additional, Freedman, Gabriel E., additional, Garver-Daniels, Nate, additional, Gentile, Peter A., additional, Glaser, Joseph, additional, Good, Deborah C., additional, Gültekin, Kayhan, additional, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., additional, Hourihane, Sophie, additional, Jennings, Ross J., additional, Johnson, Aaron D., additional, Jones, Megan L., additional, Kaiser, Andrew R., additional, Kaplan, David L., additional, Kelley, Luke Zoltan, additional, Kerr, Matthew, additional, Key, Joey S., additional, Laal, Nima, additional, Lam, Michael T., additional, Lamb, William G., additional, W. Lazio, T. Joseph, additional, Lewandowska, Natalia, additional, Liu, Tingting, additional, Lorimer, Duncan R., additional, Luo, Jing, additional, Lynch, Ryan S., additional, Ma, Chung-Pei, additional, Madison, Dustin R., additional, McEwen, Alexander, additional, McKee, James W., additional, McLaughlin, Maura A., additional, McMann, Natasha, additional, Meyers, Bradley W., additional, Meyers, Patrick M., additional, Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., additional, Mitridate, Andrea, additional, Ng, Cherry, additional, Nice, David J., additional, Ocker, Stella Koch, additional, Olum, Ken D., additional, Pennucci, Timothy T., additional, Perera, Benetge B. P., additional, Petrov, Polina, additional, Pol, Nihan S., additional, Radovan, Henri A., additional, Ransom, Scott M., additional, Ray, Paul S., additional, Romano, Joseph D., additional, Sardesai, Shashwat C., additional, Schmiedekamp, Ann, additional, Schmiedekamp, Carl, additional, Schmitz, Kai, additional, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., additional, Siemens, Xavier, additional, Simon, Joseph, additional, Siwek, Magdalena S., additional, Stairs, Ingrid H., additional, Stinebring, Daniel R., additional, Stovall, Kevin, additional, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, additional, Swiggum, Joseph K., additional, Taylor, Jacob, additional, Taylor, Stephen R., additional, Turner, Jacob E., additional, Unal, Caner, additional, Vallisneri, Michele, additional, van Haasteren, Rutger, additional, Vigeland, Sarah J., additional, Wahl, Haley M., additional, Witt, Caitlin A., additional, and Young, Olivia, additional
Published: 2023
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29. The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Observations and Timing of 68 Millisecond Pulsars

Author: Agazie, Gabriella, primary, Alam, Md Faisal, additional, Anumarlapudi, Akash, additional, Archibald, Anne M., additional, Arzoumanian, Zaven, additional, Baker, Paul T., additional, Blecha, Laura, additional, Bonidie, Victoria, additional, Brazier, Adam, additional, Brook, Paul R., additional, Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, additional, Bécsy, Bence, additional, Chapman, Christopher, additional, Charisi, Maria, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Cohen, Tyler, additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Cornish, Neil J., additional, Crawford, Fronefield, additional, Cromartie, H. Thankful, additional, Crowter, Kathryn, additional, DeCesar, Megan E., additional, Demorest, Paul B., additional, Dolch, Timothy, additional, Drachler, Brendan, additional, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., additional, Fiore, William, additional, Fonseca, Emmanuel, additional, Freedman, Gabriel E., additional, Garver-Daniels, Nate, additional, Gentile, Peter A., additional, Glaser, Joseph, additional, Good, Deborah C., additional, Gültekin, Kayhan, additional, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., additional, Jennings, Ross J., additional, Jessup, Cody, additional, Johnson, Aaron D., additional, Jones, Megan L., additional, Kaiser, Andrew R., additional, Kaplan, David L., additional, Kelley, Luke Zoltan, additional, Kerr, Matthew, additional, Key, Joey S., additional, Kuske, Anastasia, additional, Laal, Nima, additional, Lam, Michael T., additional, Lamb, William G., additional, W. Lazio, T. Joseph, additional, Lewandowska, Natalia, additional, Lin, Ye, additional, Liu, Tingting, additional, Lorimer, Duncan R., additional, Luo, Jing, additional, Lynch, Ryan S., additional, Ma, Chung-Pei, additional, Madison, Dustin R., additional, Maraccini, Kaleb, additional, McEwen, Alexander, additional, McKee, James W., additional, McLaughlin, Maura A., additional, McMann, Natasha, additional, Meyers, Bradley W., additional, Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., additional, Mitridate, Andrea, additional, Ng, Cherry, additional, Nice, David J., additional, Ocker, Stella Koch, additional, Olum, Ken D., additional, Panciu, Elisa, additional, Pennucci, Timothy T., additional, Perera, Benetge B. P., additional, Pol, Nihan S., additional, Radovan, Henri A., additional, Ransom, Scott M., additional, Ray, Paul S., additional, Romano, Joseph D., additional, Salo, Laura, additional, Sardesai, Shashwat C., additional, Schmiedekamp, Carl, additional, Schmiedekamp, Ann, additional, Schmitz, Kai, additional, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., additional, Siemens, Xavier, additional, Simon, Joseph, additional, Siwek, Magdalena S., additional, Stairs, Ingrid H., additional, Stinebring, Daniel R., additional, Stovall, Kevin, additional, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, additional, Swiggum, Joseph K., additional, Taylor, Stephen R., additional, Turner, Jacob E., additional, Unal, Caner, additional, Vallisneri, Michele, additional, Vigeland, Sarah J., additional, Wahl, Haley M., additional, Wang, Qiaohong, additional, Witt, Caitlin A., additional, and Young, Olivia, additional
Published: 2023
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30. The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-wave Background

Author: Agazie, Gabriella, primary, Anumarlapudi, Akash, additional, Archibald, Anne M., additional, Arzoumanian, Zaven, additional, Baker, Paul T., additional, Bécsy, Bence, additional, Blecha, Laura, additional, Brazier, Adam, additional, Brook, Paul R., additional, Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, additional, Burnette, Rand, additional, Case, Robin, additional, Charisi, Maria, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chatziioannou, Katerina, additional, Cheeseboro, Belinda D., additional, Chen, Siyuan, additional, Cohen, Tyler, additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Cornish, Neil J., additional, Crawford, Fronefield, additional, Cromartie, H. Thankful, additional, Crowter, Kathryn, additional, Cutler, Curt J., additional, DeCesar, Megan E., additional, DeGan, Dallas, additional, Demorest, Paul B., additional, Deng, Heling, additional, Dolch, Timothy, additional, Drachler, Brendan, additional, Ellis, Justin A., additional, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., additional, Fiore, William, additional, Fonseca, Emmanuel, additional, Freedman, Gabriel E., additional, Garver-Daniels, Nate, additional, Gentile, Peter A., additional, Gersbach, Kyle A., additional, Glaser, Joseph, additional, Good, Deborah C., additional, Gültekin, Kayhan, additional, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., additional, Hourihane, Sophie, additional, Islo, Kristina, additional, Jennings, Ross J., additional, Johnson, Aaron D., additional, Jones, Megan L., additional, Kaiser, Andrew R., additional, Kaplan, David L., additional, Kelley, Luke Zoltan, additional, Kerr, Matthew, additional, Key, Joey S., additional, Klein, Tonia C., additional, Laal, Nima, additional, Lam, Michael T., additional, Lamb, William G., additional, W. Lazio, T. Joseph, additional, Lewandowska, Natalia, additional, Littenberg, Tyson B., additional, Liu, Tingting, additional, Lommen, Andrea, additional, Lorimer, Duncan R., additional, Luo, Jing, additional, Lynch, Ryan S., additional, Ma, Chung-Pei, additional, Madison, Dustin R., additional, Mattson, Margaret A., additional, McEwen, Alexander, additional, McKee, James W., additional, McLaughlin, Maura A., additional, McMann, Natasha, additional, Meyers, Bradley W., additional, Meyers, Patrick M., additional, Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., additional, Mitridate, Andrea, additional, Natarajan, Priyamvada, additional, Ng, Cherry, additional, Nice, David J., additional, Ocker, Stella Koch, additional, Olum, Ken D., additional, Pennucci, Timothy T., additional, Perera, Benetge B. P., additional, Petrov, Polina, additional, Pol, Nihan S., additional, Radovan, Henri A., additional, Ransom, Scott M., additional, Ray, Paul S., additional, Romano, Joseph D., additional, Sardesai, Shashwat C., additional, Schmiedekamp, Ann, additional, Schmiedekamp, Carl, additional, Schmitz, Kai, additional, Schult, Levi, additional, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., additional, Siemens, Xavier, additional, Simon, Joseph, additional, Siwek, Magdalena S., additional, Stairs, Ingrid H., additional, Stinebring, Daniel R., additional, Stovall, Kevin, additional, Sun, Jerry P., additional, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, additional, Swiggum, Joseph K., additional, Taylor, Jacob, additional, Taylor, Stephen R., additional, Turner, Jacob E., additional, Unal, Caner, additional, Vallisneri, Michele, additional, van Haasteren, Rutger, additional, Vigeland, Sarah J., additional, Wahl, Haley M., additional, Wang, Qiaohong, additional, Witt, Caitlin A., additional, and Young, Olivia, additional
Published: 2023
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31. The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Search for Signals from New Physics

Author: Afzal, Adeela, primary, Agazie, Gabriella, additional, Anumarlapudi, Akash, additional, Archibald, Anne M., additional, Arzoumanian, Zaven, additional, Baker, Paul T., additional, Bécsy, Bence, additional, Blanco-Pillado, Jose Juan, additional, Blecha, Laura, additional, Boddy, Kimberly K., additional, Brazier, Adam, additional, Brook, Paul R., additional, Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, additional, Burnette, Rand, additional, Case, Robin, additional, Charisi, Maria, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chatziioannou, Katerina, additional, Cheeseboro, Belinda D., additional, Chen, Siyuan, additional, Cohen, Tyler, additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Cornish, Neil J., additional, Crawford, Fronefield, additional, Cromartie, H. Thankful, additional, Crowter, Kathryn, additional, Cutler, Curt J., additional, DeCesar, Megan E., additional, DeGan, Dallas, additional, Demorest, Paul B., additional, Deng, Heling, additional, Dolch, Timothy, additional, Drachler, Brendan, additional, von Eckardstein, Richard, additional, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., additional, Fiore, William, additional, Fonseca, Emmanuel, additional, Freedman, Gabriel E., additional, Garver-Daniels, Nate, additional, Gentile, Peter A., additional, Gersbach, Kyle A., additional, Glaser, Joseph, additional, Good, Deborah C., additional, Guertin, Lydia, additional, Gültekin, Kayhan, additional, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., additional, Hourihane, Sophie, additional, Islo, Kristina, additional, Jennings, Ross J., additional, Johnson, Aaron D., additional, Jones, Megan L., additional, Kaiser, Andrew R., additional, Kaplan, David L., additional, Kelley, Luke Zoltan, additional, Kerr, Matthew, additional, Key, Joey S., additional, Laal, Nima, additional, Lam, Michael T., additional, Lamb, William G., additional, W. Lazio, T. Joseph, additional, Lee, Vincent S. H., additional, Lewandowska, Natalia, additional, Lino dos Santos, Rafael R., additional, Littenberg, Tyson B., additional, Liu, Tingting, additional, Lorimer, Duncan R., additional, Luo, Jing, additional, Lynch, Ryan S., additional, Ma, Chung-Pei, additional, Madison, Dustin R., additional, McEwen, Alexander, additional, McKee, James W., additional, McLaughlin, Maura A., additional, McMann, Natasha, additional, Meyers, Bradley W., additional, Meyers, Patrick M., additional, Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., additional, Mitridate, Andrea, additional, Nay, Jonathan, additional, Natarajan, Priyamvada, additional, Ng, Cherry, additional, Nice, David J., additional, Ocker, Stella Koch, additional, Olum, Ken D., additional, Pennucci, Timothy T., additional, Perera, Benetge B. P., additional, Petrov, Polina, additional, Pol, Nihan S., additional, Radovan, Henri A., additional, Ransom, Scott M., additional, Ray, Paul S., additional, Romano, Joseph D., additional, Sardesai, Shashwat C., additional, Schmiedekamp, Ann, additional, Schmiedekamp, Carl, additional, Schmitz, Kai, additional, Schröder, Tobias, additional, Schult, Levi, additional, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., additional, Siemens, Xavier, additional, Simon, Joseph, additional, Siwek, Magdalena S., additional, Stairs, Ingrid H., additional, Stinebring, Daniel R., additional, Stovall, Kevin, additional, Stratmann, Peter, additional, Sun, Jerry P., additional, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, additional, Swiggum, Joseph K., additional, Taylor, Jacob, additional, Taylor, Stephen R., additional, Trickle, Tanner, additional, Turner, Jacob E., additional, Unal, Caner, additional, Vallisneri, Michele, additional, Verma, Sonali, additional, Vigeland, Sarah J., additional, Wahl, Haley M., additional, Wang, Qiaohong, additional, Witt, Caitlin A., additional, Wright, David, additional, Young, Olivia, additional, and Zurek, Kathryn M., additional
Published: 2023
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32. The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Detector Characterization and Noise Budget

Author: Agazie, Gabriella, primary, Anumarlapudi, Akash, additional, Archibald, Anne M., additional, Arzoumanian, Zaven, additional, Baker, Paul T., additional, Bécsy, Bence, additional, Blecha, Laura, additional, Brazier, Adam, additional, Brook, Paul R., additional, Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, additional, Charisi, Maria, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Cohen, Tyler, additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Cornish, Neil J., additional, Crawford, Fronefield, additional, Cromartie, H. Thankful, additional, Crowter, Kathryn, additional, DeCesar, Megan E., additional, Demorest, Paul B., additional, Dolch, Timothy, additional, Drachler, Brendan, additional, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., additional, Fiore, William, additional, Fonseca, Emmanuel, additional, Freedman, Gabriel E., additional, Garver-Daniels, Nate, additional, Gentile, Peter A., additional, Glaser, Joseph, additional, Good, Deborah C., additional, Guertin, Lydia, additional, Gültekin, Kayhan, additional, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., additional, Jennings, Ross J., additional, Johnson, Aaron D., additional, Jones, Megan L., additional, Kaiser, Andrew R., additional, Kaplan, David L., additional, Kelley, Luke Zoltan, additional, Kerr, Matthew, additional, Key, Joey S., additional, Laal, Nima, additional, Lam, Michael T., additional, Lamb, William G., additional, W. Lazio, T. Joseph, additional, Lewandowska, Natalia, additional, Liu, Tingting, additional, Lorimer, Duncan R., additional, Luo, Jing, additional, Lynch, Ryan S., additional, Ma, Chung-Pei, additional, Madison, Dustin R., additional, McEwen, Alexander, additional, McKee, James W., additional, McLaughlin, Maura A., additional, McMann, Natasha, additional, Meyers, Bradley W., additional, Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., additional, Mitridate, Andrea, additional, Ng, Cherry, additional, Nice, David J., additional, Ocker, Stella Koch, additional, Olum, Ken D., additional, Pennucci, Timothy T., additional, Perera, Benetge B. P., additional, Pol, Nihan S., additional, Radovan, Henri A., additional, Ransom, Scott M., additional, Ray, Paul S., additional, Romano, Joseph D., additional, Sardesai, Shashwat C., additional, Schmiedekamp, Ann, additional, Schmiedekamp, Carl, additional, Schmitz, Kai, additional, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., additional, Siemens, Xavier, additional, Simon, Joseph, additional, Siwek, Magdalena S., additional, Stairs, Ingrid H., additional, Stinebring, Daniel R., additional, Stovall, Kevin, additional, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, additional, Swiggum, Joseph K., additional, Taylor, Stephen R., additional, Turner, Jacob E., additional, Unal, Caner, additional, Vallisneri, Michele, additional, Vigeland, Sarah J., additional, Wahl, Haley M., additional, Witt, Caitlin A., additional, and Young, Olivia, additional
Published: 2023
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33. Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

Author: Seoane, Pau Amaro, Andrews, Jeff, Sedda, Manuel Arca, Askar, Abbas, Baghi, Quentin, Balasov, Razvan, Bartos, Imre, Bavera, Simone S., Bellovary, Jillian, Berry, Christopher P. L., Berti, Emanuele, Bianchi, Stefano, Blecha, Laura, Blondin, Stephane, Bogdanović, Tamara, Boissier, Samuel, Bonetti, Matteo, Bonoli, Silvia, Bortolas, Elisa, Breivik, Katelyn, Capelo, Pedro R., Caramete, Laurentiu, Cattorini, Federico, Charisi, Maria, Chaty, Sylvain, Chen, Xian, Chruślińska, Martyna, Chua, Alvin J. K., Church, Ross, Colpi, Monica, D'Orazio, Daniel, Danielski, Camilla, Davies, Melvyn B., Dayal, Pratika, De Rosa, Alessandra, Derdzinski, Andrea, Destounis, Kyriakos, Dotti, Massimo, Duţan, Ioana, Dvorkin, Irina, Fabj, Gaia, Foglizzo, Thierry, Ford, Saavik, Fouvry, Jean-Baptiste, Franchini, Alessia, Fragos, Tassos, Fryer, Chris, Gaspari, Massimo, Gerosa, Davide, Graziani, Luca, Groot, Paul, Habouzit, Melanie, Haggard, Daryl, Haiman, Zoltan, Han, Wen-Biao, Istrate, Alina, Johansson, Peter H., Khan, Fazeel Mahmood, Kimpson, Tomas, Kokkotas, Kostas, Kong, Albert, Korol, Valeriya, Kremer, Kyle, Kupfer, Thomas, Lamberts, Astrid, Larson, Shane, Lau, Mike, Liu, Dongliang, Lloyd-Ronning, Nicole, Lodato, Giuseppe, Lupi, Alessandro, Ma, Chung-Pei, Maccarone, Tomas, Mandel, Ilya, Mangiagli, Alberto, Mapelli, Michela, Mathis, Steéphane, Mayer, Lucio, McGee, Sean, McKernan, Berry, Miller, M. Coleman, Mota, David F., Mumpower, Matthew, Nasim, Syeda S, Nelemans, Gijs, Noble, Scott, Pacucci, Fabio, Panessa, Francesca, Paschalidis, Vasileio, Pfister, Hugo, Porquet, Delphine, Quenby, John, Ricarte, Angelo, Röpke, Friedrich K., Regan, John, Rosswog, Stephan, Ruiter, Ashley, Ruiz, Milton, Runnoe, Jessie, Schneider, Raffaella, Schnittman, Jeremy, Secunda, Amy, Sesana, Alberto, Seto, Naoki, Shao, Lijing, Shapiro, Stuart, Sopuerta, Carlos, Stone, Nicholas C., Suvorov, Arthur, Tamanini, Nicola, Tamfal, Tomas, Tauris, Thomas, Temmink, Karel, Tomsick, John, Toonen, Silvia, Torres-Orjuela, Alejandro, Toscani, Martina, Tsokaros, Antonios, Unal, Caner, Vázquez-Aceves, Verónica, Valiante, Rosa, van Putten, Maurice, van Roestel, Jan, Vignali, Christian, Volonteri, Marta, Wu, Kinwah, Younsi, Ziri, Yu, Shenghua, Zane, Silvia, Zwick, Lorenz, Antonini, Fabio, Baibhav, Vishal, Barausse, Enrico, Rivera, Alexander Bonilla, Branchesi, Marica, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Burdge, Kevin, Chakraborty, Srija, Cuadra, Jorge, Dage, Kristen, Davis, Benjamin, de Mink, Selma E., Decarli, Roberto, Doneva, Daniela, Escoffier, Stephanie, Fragione, Giacomo, Gandhi, Poshak, Haardt, Francesco, Lousto, Carlos O., Nissanke, Samaya, Nordhaus, Jason, O'Shaughnessy, Richard, Zwart, Simon Portegies, Pound, Adam, Schussler, Fabian, Sergijenko, Olga, Spallicci, Alessandro, Vernieri, Daniele, Vigna-Gómez, Alejandro, Amaro-Seoane, Pau, Andrews, Jeff, Arca Sedda, Manuel, Askar, Abba, Baghi, Quentin, Balasov, Razvan, Bartos, Imre, Bavera, Simone S., Bellovary, Jillian, Berry, Christopher P. L., Berti, Emanuele, Bianchi, Stefano, Blecha, Laura, Blondin, Stéphane, Bogdanović, Tamara, Boissier, Samuel, Bonetti, Matteo, Bonoli, Silvia, Bortolas, Elisa, Breivik, Katelyn, Capelo, Pedro R., Caramete, Laurentiu, Cattorini, Federico, Charisi, Maria, Chaty, Sylvain, Chen, Xian, Chruślińska, Martyna, Chua, Alvin J. K., Church, Ro, Colpi, Monica, D’Orazio, Daniel, Danielski, Camilla, Davies, Melvyn B., Dayal, Pratika, De Rosa, Alessandra, Derdzinski, Andrea, Destounis, Kyriako, Dotti, Massimo, Duţan, Ioana, Dvorkin, Irina, Fabj, Gaia, Foglizzo, Thierry, Ford, Saavik, Fouvry, Jean-Baptiste, Franchini, Alessia, Fragos, Tasso, Fryer, Chri, Gaspari, Massimo, Gerosa, Davide, Graziani, Luca, Groot, Paul, Habouzit, Melanie, Haggard, Daryl, Haiman, Zoltan, Han, Wen-Biao, Istrate, Alina, Johansson, Peter H., Khan, Fazeel Mahmood, Kimpson, Toma, Kokkotas, Kosta, Kong, Albert, Korol, Valeriya, Kremer, Kyle, Kupfer, Thoma, Lamberts, Astrid, Larson, Shane, Lau, Mike, Liu, Dongliang, Lloyd-Ronning, Nicole, Lodato, Giuseppe, Lupi, Alessandro, Ma, Chung-Pei, Maccarone, Toma, Mandel, Ilya, Mangiagli, Alberto, Mapelli, Michela, Mathis, Stéphane, Mayer, Lucio, Mcgee, Sean, Mckernan, Berry, Miller, M. Coleman, Mota, David F., Mumpower, Matthew, Nasim, Syeda S., Nelemans, Gij, Noble, Scott, Pacucci, Fabio, Panessa, Francesca, Paschalidis, Vasileio, Pfister, Hugo, Porquet, Delphine, Quenby, John, Ricarte, Angelo, Röpke, Friedrich K., Regan, John, Rosswog, Stephan, Ruiter, Ashley, Ruiz, Milton, Runnoe, Jessie, Schneider, Raffaella, Schnittman, Jeremy, Secunda, Amy, Sesana, Alberto, Seto, Naoki, Shao, Lijing, Shapiro, Stuart, Sopuerta, Carlo, Stone, Nicholas C., Suvorov, Arthur, Tamanini, Nicola, Tamfal, Toma, Tauris, Thoma, Temmink, Karel, Tomsick, John, Toonen, Silvia, Torres-Orjuela, Alejandro, Toscani, Martina, Tsokaros, Antonio, Unal, Caner, Vázquez-Aceves, Verónica, Valiante, Rosa, van Putten, Maurice, van Roestel, Jan, Vignali, Christian, Volonteri, Marta, Wu, Kinwah, Younsi, Ziri, Yu, Shenghua, Zane, Silvia, Zwick, Lorenz, Antonini, Fabio, Baibhav, Vishal, Barausse, Enrico, Bonilla Rivera, Alexander, Branchesi, Marica, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Burdge, Kevin, Chakraborty, Srija, Cuadra, Jorge, Dage, Kristen, Davis, Benjamin, de Mink, Selma E., Decarli, Roberto, Doneva, Daniela, Escoffier, Stephanie, Gandhi, Poshak, Haardt, Francesco, Lousto, Carlos O., Nissanke, Samaya, Nordhaus, Jason, O’Shaughnessy, Richard, Portegies Zwart, Simon, Pound, Adam, Schussler, Fabian, Sergijenko, Olga, Spallicci, Alessandro, Vernieri, Daniele, Vigna-Gómez, Alejandro, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Physics, Columbia University, Columbia University [New York], Department of Physics and Astronomy [Nashville], Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Fisk University, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des deux Infinis de Toulouse (L2IT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Amaro-Seoane, P, Andrews, J, Arca Sedda, M, Askar, A, Baghi, Q, Balasov, R, Bartos, I, Bavera, S, Bellovary, J, Berry, C, Berti, E, Bianchi, S, Blecha, L, Blondin, S, Bogdanović, T, Boissier, S, Bonetti, M, Bonoli, S, Bortolas, E, Breivik, K, Capelo, P, Caramete, L, Cattorini, F, Charisi, M, Chaty, S, Chen, X, Chruślińska, M, Chua, A, Church, R, Colpi, M, D’Orazio, D, Danielski, C, Davies, M, Dayal, P, De Rosa, A, Derdzinski, A, Destounis, K, Dotti, M, Duţan, I, Dvorkin, I, Fabj, G, Foglizzo, T, Ford, S, Fouvry, J, Franchini, A, Fragos, T, Fryer, C, Gaspari, M, Gerosa, D, Graziani, L, Groot, P, Habouzit, M, Haggard, D, Haiman, Z, Han, W, Istrate, A, Johansson, P, Khan, F, Kimpson, T, Kokkotas, K, Kong, A, Korol, V, Kremer, K, Kupfer, T, Lamberts, A, Larson, S, Lau, M, Liu, D, Lloyd-Ronning, N, Lodato, G, Lupi, A, Ma, C, Maccarone, T, Mandel, I, Mangiagli, A, Mapelli, M, Mathis, S, Mayer, L, Mcgee, S, Mckernan, B, Miller, M, Mota, D, Mumpower, M, Nasim, S, Nelemans, G, Noble, S, Pacucci, F, Panessa, F, Paschalidis, V, Pfister, H, Porquet, D, Quenby, J, Ricarte, A, Röpke, F, Regan, J, Rosswog, S, Ruiter, A, Ruiz, M, Runnoe, J, Schneider, R, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Research Council, European Commission, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
Subjects: Astrofísica, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Black hole, Astronomy, Stellar remnant, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), TIDAL DISRUPTION EVENTS, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Gravitational waves, MOCCA-SURVEY DATABASE, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Stellar remnants, Software Science, Multi-messenger, GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE SOURCES, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Extreme mass ratio in-spirals, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Black holes, Data Science, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Extreme mass ratio in-spiral, AM-CVN STARS, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, WHITE-DWARF BINARIES, DOUBLE NEUTRON-STARS, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astronomia, MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, X-RAY BINARIES, COMMON-ENVELOPE EVOLUTION, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Full list of authors: Amaro-Seoane, Pau; Andrews, Jeff; Sedda, Manuel Arca; Askar, Abbas.; Baghi, Quentin; Balasov, Razvan; Bartos, Imre; Bavera, Simone S.; Bellovary, Jillian; Berry, Christopher P. L.; Berti, Emanuele; Bianchi, Stefano; Blecha, Laura; Blondin, Stephane; Bogdanovic, Tamara; Boissier, Samuel; Bonetti, Matteo; Bonoli, Silvia; Bortolas, Elisa; Breivik, Katelyn; Capelo, Pedro R.; Caramete, Laurentiu; Cattorini, Federico; Charisi, Maria; Chaty, Sylvain; Chen, Xian; Chruslinska, Martyna; Chua, Alvin J. K.; Church, Ross; Colpi, Monica; D'Orazio, Daniel; Danielski, Camilla; Davies, Melvyn B.; Dayal, Pratika; De Rosa, Alessandra; Derdzinski, Andrea; Destounis, Kyriakos; Dotti, Massimo; Dutan, Ioana; Dvorkin, Irina; Fabj, Gaia; Foglizzo, Thierry; Ford, Saavik; Fouvry, Jean-Baptiste; Franchini, Alessia; Fragos, Tassos; Fryer, Chris; Gaspari, Massimo; Gerosa, Davide; Graziani, Luca; Groot, Paul; Habouzit, Melanie; Haggard, Daryl; Haiman, Zoltan; Han, Wen-Biao; Istrate, Alina; Johansson, Peter H.; Khan, Fazeel Mahmood; Kimpson, Tomas; Kokkotas, Kostas; Kong, Albert; Korol, Valeriya; Kremer, Kyle; Kupfer, Thomas; Lamberts, Astrid; Larson, Shane; Lau, Mike; Liu, Dongliang; Lloyd-Ronning, Nicole; Lodato, Giuseppe; Lupi, Alessandro; Ma, Chung-Pei; Maccarone, Tomas; Mandel, Ilya; Mangiagli, Alberto; Mapelli, Michela; Mathis, Stephane; Mayer, Lucio; McGee, Sean; McKernan, Berry; Miller, M. Coleman; Mota, David F.; Mumpower, Matthew; Nasim, Syeda S.; Nelemans, Gijs; Noble, Scott; Pacucci, Fabio; Panessa, Francesca; Paschalidis, Vasileios; Pfister, Hugo; Porquet, Delphine; Quenby, John; Ricarte, Angelo; Roepke, Friedrich K.; Regan, John; Rosswog, Stephan; Ruiter, Ashley; Ruiz, Milton; Runnoe, Jessie; Schneider, Raffaella; Schnittman, Jeremy; Secunda, Amy; Sesana, Alberto; Seto, Naoki; Shao, Lijing; Shapiro, Stuart; Sopuerta, Carlos; Stone, Nicholas C.; Suvorov, Arthur; Tamanini, Nicola; Tamfal, Tomas; Tauris, Thomas; Temmink, Karel; Tomsick, John; Toonen, Silvia; Torres-Orjuela, Alejandro; Toscani, Martina; Tsokaros, Antonios; Unal, Caner; Vazquez-Aceves, Veronica; Valiante, Rosa; van Putten, Maurice; van Roestel, Jan; Vignali, Christian; Volonteri, Marta; Wu, Kinwah; Younsi, Ziri; Yu, Shenghua; Zane, Silvia; Zwick, Lorenz; Antonini, Fabio; Baibhav, Vishal; Barausse, Enrico; Bonilla Rivera, Alexander; Branchesi, Marica; Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella; Burdge, Kevin; Chakraborty, Srija; Cuadra, Jorge; Dage, Kristen; Davis, Benjamin; de Mink, Selma E.; Decarli, Roberto; Doneva, Daniela; Escoffier, Stephanie; Gandhi, Poshak; Haardt, Francesco; Lousto, Carlos O.; Nissanke, Samaya; Nordhaus, Jason; O'Shaughnessy, Richard; Portegies Zwart, Simon; Pound, Adam; Schussler, Fabian; Sergijenko, Olga; Spallicci, Alessandro; Vernieri, Daniele; Vigna-Gomez, Alejandro.-- This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/., The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be a transformative experiment for gravitational wave astronomy, and, as such, it will offer unique opportunities to address many key astrophysical questions in a completely novel way. The synergy with ground-based and space-born instruments in the electromagnetic domain, by enabling multi-messenger observations, will add further to the discovery potential of LISA. The next decade is crucial to prepare the astrophysical community for LISA’s first observations. This review outlines the extensive landscape of astrophysical theory, numerical simulations, and astronomical observations that are instrumental for modeling and interpreting the upcoming LISA datastream. To this aim, the current knowledge in three main source classes for LISA is reviewed; ultra-compact stellar-mass binaries, massive black hole binaries, and extreme or interme-diate mass ratio inspirals. The relevant astrophysical processes and the established modeling techniques are summarized. Likewise, open issues and gaps in our understanding of these sources are highlighted, along with an indication of how LISA could help making progress in the different areas. New research avenues that LISA itself, or its joint exploitation with upcoming studies in the electromagnetic domain, will enable, are also illustrated. Improvements in modeling and analysis approaches, such as the combination of numerical simulations and modern data science techniques, are discussed. This review is intended to be a starting point for using LISA as a new discovery tool for understanding our Universe. © The Author(s) 2023, corrected publication 2023., P. Dayal acknowledges support from the European Research council (ERC-717001) and from the Netherlands Research Council NWO (016.VIDI.189.162). P.H. Johansson acknowledges the support from the European Research Council (ERC-818930). S. Toonen acknowledges support from the Netherlands Research Council NWO (VENI 639.041.645 Grants) C. Unal is supported by European Structural and Investment Funds and the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Project CoGraDS - CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000437). S. Chaty acknowledges the LabEx UnivEarthS for the funding of Interface project I10 “From binary evolution towards merging of compact objects”. A. De Rosa acknowledges financial contribution from the agreement ASI-INAF n.2017-14-H.O E. Berti is supported by NSF Grants No. PHY-1912550 and AST-2006538, NASA ATP Grants No. 17-ATP17-0225 and 19-ATP19-0051, NSF-XSEDE Grant No. PHY-090003, and NSF Grant PHY-20043. D. Gerosa is supported by European Union’s H2020 ERC Starting Grant No. 945155–GWmining, Leverhulme Trust Grant No. RPG-2019-350 and Royal Society Grant No. RGS-R2-202004. T. Bogdanovic acknowledges support by the NASA award No. 80NSSC19K0319 and by the NSF award AST-1908042. D. Porquet acknowledges funding support from CNES. C. Danielski acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709) B.L. Davis acknowledges support from Tamkeen under the NYU Abu Dhabi Research Institute Grant CAP3. F. Pacucci acknowledges support from a Clay Fellowship by the SAO and from the Black Hole Initiative, which is funded by grants from the John Templeton Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. A.J. Ruiter acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council Future Fellowship Grant FT170100243. V. Paschalidis is supported by NSF Grant PHY-1912619 and NASA Grant 80NSSC20K1542 to the University of Arizona, and NSF-XSEDE Grant TG-PHY190020. D. Haggard acknowledges support from the NSERC Discovery Grant and Canada Research Chairs programs, and the Bob Wares Science Innovation Prospectors Fund. M. Toscani acknowledges European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 823823 (RISE DUSTBUSTERS project) and COST Action CA16104 - Gravitational waves, black holes and fundamental physics, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). M. Chruslinska, A. Istrate and G. Nelemans acknowledge support from Netherlands Research Council NWO. T. Fragos and S. Bavera acknowledge support from a Swiss National Science Foundation Professorship Grant (project numbers PP00P2_176868 and PP00P2_211006)., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).
Published: 2023

34. Superradiance Properties of Light Black Holes and $10^{-12}$-$10^{21}$ eV Bosons

Author: Unal, Caner and Unal, Caner
Abstract: We derive the minimum spin value for the light black holes, $10^{-33}-1 \; M_\odot$ ($1-10^{33} \; {\rm gr}$), to experience superradiance via scalar, vector and tensor perturbations, corresponding to boson mass range $10^{-12}-10^{21}$ eV. We find that superradiance instability can happen even for very low spin values, ${\tilde a} \sim 10^{-5}-10^{-2}$. Since light black holes (BHs) are very unstable to these perturbations and sensitive probes of bosonic particles, a single moderately spinning BH can probe/cover 2-5 orders of magnitude scalar (axion), vector (dark photon and/or photon with effective mass) and spin-2 mass. If superradiance exists, this drives the spin of the BH to almost zero immediately, independent of the BH formation mechanism. In the case that superradiance is not observed due to self-interactions, we find limits on the axion decay constant and energy density. We finally discuss briefly the implications on the Standard Model bosons and Higgs self-interaction., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures. Evaporating BHs included, BH mass range extended : 1gr to e33 gr=Msun, boson mass range extended : e-12 to e21 eV, refs added
Published: 2023

35. Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

Author: A. G. Leventis Foundation, Academy of Finland, Onassis Foundation, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Universidades (España), Eusko Jaurlaritza, Fondation Francqui, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Council for Higher Education (Israel), Generalitat de Catalunya, Czech Science Foundation, Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Energy (US), German Research Foundation, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), European Commission, Foundation for Science and Technology, Fondation CFM pour la Recherche, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), National Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Generalitat Valenciana, Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science (Ontario), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Israel Science Foundation, Kavli Foundation, Minerva Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Indian Institute of Science, National Science Foundation (US), National Science Centre (Poland), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Minas Gerais, Royal Society (UK), Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Simons Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Swiss Competence Center for Energy Research, Nardini, Germano [0000-0002-3523-0477], Auclair, Pierre, Bacon, David, Baker, Tessa, Barreiro, Tiago, Bartolo, Nicola, Belgacem, Enis, Bellomo, Nicola, Ben-Dayan, Ido, Bertacca, Daniele, Besancon, Marc, Blanco-Pillado, Jose J., Blas, Diego, Boileau, Guillaume, Calcagni, Gianluca, Caldwell, Robert, Caprini, Chiara, Carbone, Carmelita, Chang, Chia Feng, Chen, Hsin Yu, Christensen, Nelson, Clesse, Sebastien, Comelli, Denis, Congedo, Giuseppe, Contaldi, Carlo, Crisostomi, Marco, Croon, Djuna, Cui, Yanou, Cusin, Giulia, Cutting, Daniel, Dalang, Charles, De Luca, Valerio, Pozzo, Walter Del, Desjacques, Vincent, Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela, Dorsch, Glauber C., Ezquiaga, Jose Maria, Fasiello, Matteo, Figueroa, Daniel G., Flauger, Raphael, Franciolini, Gabriele, Frusciante, Noemi, Fumagalli, Jacopo, García-Bellido, Juan, Gould, Oliver, Holz, Daniel, Iacconi, Laura, Jain, Rajeev Kumar, Jenkins, Alexander C., Jinno, Ryusuke, Joana, Cristian, Karnesis, Nikolaos, Konstandin, Thomas, Koyama, Kazuya, Kozaczuk, Jonathan, Kuroyanagi, Sachiko, Laghi, Danny, Lewicki, Marek, Lombriser, Lucas, Madge, Eric, Maggiore, Michele, Malhotra, Ameek, Mancarella, Michele, Mandic, Vuk, Mangiagli, Alberto, Matarrese, Sabino, Mazumdar, Anupam, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Musco, Ilia, Nardini, Germano, No, Jose Miguel, Papanikolaou, Theodoros, Peloso, Marco, Pieroni, Mauro, Pilo, Luigi, Raccanelli, Alvise, Renaux-Petel, Sébastien, Renzini, Arianna I., Ricciardone, Angelo, Riotto, Antonio, Romano, Joseph D., Rollo, Rocco, Pol, Alberto Roper, Morales, Ester Ruiz, Sakellariadou, Mairi, Saltas, Ippocratis D., Scalisi, Marco, Schmitz, Kai, Schwaller, Pedro, Sergijenko, Olga, Servant, Geraldine, Simakachorn, Peera, Sorbo, Lorenzo, Sousa, Lara, Speri, Lorenzo, Steer, Danièle A., Tamanini, Nicola, Tasinato, Gianmassimo, Torrado, Jesús, Unal, Caner, Vennin, Vincent, A. G. Leventis Foundation, Academy of Finland, Onassis Foundation, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Universidades (España), Eusko Jaurlaritza, Fondation Francqui, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Council for Higher Education (Israel), Generalitat de Catalunya, Czech Science Foundation, Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Energy (US), German Research Foundation, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), European Commission, Foundation for Science and Technology, Fondation CFM pour la Recherche, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), National Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Generalitat Valenciana, Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science (Ontario), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Israel Science Foundation, Kavli Foundation, Minerva Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Indian Institute of Science, National Science Foundation (US), National Science Centre (Poland), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Minas Gerais, Royal Society (UK), Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Simons Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Swiss Competence Center for Energy Research, Nardini, Germano [0000-0002-3523-0477], Auclair, Pierre, Bacon, David, Baker, Tessa, Barreiro, Tiago, Bartolo, Nicola, Belgacem, Enis, Bellomo, Nicola, Ben-Dayan, Ido, Bertacca, Daniele, Besancon, Marc, Blanco-Pillado, Jose J., Blas, Diego, Boileau, Guillaume, Calcagni, Gianluca, Caldwell, Robert, Caprini, Chiara, Carbone, Carmelita, Chang, Chia Feng, Chen, Hsin Yu, Christensen, Nelson, Clesse, Sebastien, Comelli, Denis, Congedo, Giuseppe, Contaldi, Carlo, Crisostomi, Marco, Croon, Djuna, Cui, Yanou, Cusin, Giulia, Cutting, Daniel, Dalang, Charles, De Luca, Valerio, Pozzo, Walter Del, Desjacques, Vincent, Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela, Dorsch, Glauber C., Ezquiaga, Jose Maria, Fasiello, Matteo, Figueroa, Daniel G., Flauger, Raphael, Franciolini, Gabriele, Frusciante, Noemi, Fumagalli, Jacopo, García-Bellido, Juan, Gould, Oliver, Holz, Daniel, Iacconi, Laura, Jain, Rajeev Kumar, Jenkins, Alexander C., Jinno, Ryusuke, Joana, Cristian, Karnesis, Nikolaos, Konstandin, Thomas, Koyama, Kazuya, Kozaczuk, Jonathan, Kuroyanagi, Sachiko, Laghi, Danny, Lewicki, Marek, Lombriser, Lucas, Madge, Eric, Maggiore, Michele, Malhotra, Ameek, Mancarella, Michele, Mandic, Vuk, Mangiagli, Alberto, Matarrese, Sabino, Mazumdar, Anupam, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Musco, Ilia, Nardini, Germano, No, Jose Miguel, Papanikolaou, Theodoros, Peloso, Marco, Pieroni, Mauro, Pilo, Luigi, Raccanelli, Alvise, Renaux-Petel, Sébastien, Renzini, Arianna I., Ricciardone, Angelo, Riotto, Antonio, Romano, Joseph D., Rollo, Rocco, Pol, Alberto Roper, Morales, Ester Ruiz, Sakellariadou, Mairi, Saltas, Ippocratis D., Scalisi, Marco, Schmitz, Kai, Schwaller, Pedro, Sergijenko, Olga, Servant, Geraldine, Simakachorn, Peera, Sorbo, Lorenzo, Sousa, Lara, Speri, Lorenzo, Steer, Danièle A., Tamanini, Nicola, Tasinato, Gianmassimo, Torrado, Jesús, Unal, Caner, and Vennin, Vincent
Abstract: The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has two scientific objectives of cosmological focus: to probe the expansion rate of the universe, and to understand stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and their implications for early universe and particle physics, from the MeV to the Planck scale. However, the range of potential cosmological applications of gravitational-wave observations extends well beyond these two objectives. This publication presents a summary of the state of the art in LISA cosmology, theory and methods, and identifies new opportunities to use gravitational-wave observations by LISA to probe the universe.
Published: 2023

36. Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

Author: Amaro-Seoane, Pau, Andrews, Jeff, Sedda, Manuel Arca, Askar, Abbas, Balasov, Razvan, Bartos, Imre, Bavera, Simone S., Bellovary, Jillian, Berry, Christopher P. L., Berti, Emanuele, Bianchi, Stefano, Blecha, Laura, Blondin, Stéphane, Bogdanović, Tamara, Boissier, Samuel, Bonetti, Matteo, Bonoli, Silvia, Bortolas, Elisa, Breivik, Katie, Capelo, Pedro R., Caramete, Laurentiu, Catorini, Federico, Charisi, Maria, Chaty, Sylvain, Chen, Xian, Chruślińska, Martyna, Chua, Alvin J. K., Church, Ross, Colpi, Monica, D'Orazio, Daniela, Danielski, Camilla, Davies, Melvyn B., Dayal, Pratika, De Rosa, Alessandra, Derdzinski, Andrea, Destounis, Kyriakos, Dotti, Massimo, Duţan, Ioana, Dvorkin, Irina, Fabj, Gaia, Foglizzo, Thierry, Ford, Saavik, Fouvry, Jean-Baptiste, Fragkos, Tassos, Fryer, Chris, Gaspari, Massimo, Gerosa, Davide, Graziani, Luca, Groot, Paul J., Habouzit, Melanie, Haggard, Daryl, Haiman, Zoltan, Han, Wen-Biao, Istrate, Alina, Johansson, Peter H., Khan, Fazeel Mahmood, Kimpson, Tomas, Kokkotas, Kostas, Kong, Albert, Korol, Valeriya, Kremer, Kyle, Kupfer, Thomas, Lamberts, Astrid, Larson, Shane, Lau, Mike, Liu, Dongliang, Lloyd-Ronning, Nicole, Lodato, Giuseppe, Lupi, Alessandro, Ma, Chung-Pei, Maccarone, Tomas, Mandel, Ilya, Mangiagli, Alberto, Mapelli, Michela, Mathis, Stefan, Mayer, Lucio, McGee, Sean, McKernan, Berry, Miller, M. Coleman, Mota, David F., Mumpower, Matthew, Nasim, Syeda S., Nelemans, Gijs, Noble, Scott, Pacucci, Fabio, Panessa, Francesca, Paschalidis, Vasileios, Pfister, Hugo, Porquet, Delphine, Quenby, John, Röpke, Fritz, Regan, John, Rosswog, Stephan, Ruiter, Ashley, Ruiz, Milton, Runnoe, Jessie, Schneider, Rafaella, Schnittman, Jeremy, Secunda, Amy, Sesana, Alberto, Seto, Naoki, Shao, Lijing, Shapiro, Stuart, Sopuerta, Carlos, Stone, Nick, Suvorov, Arthur, Tamanini, Nicola, Tamfal, Tomas, Tauris, Thomas, Temmink, Karel, Tomsick, John, Toonen, Silvia, Torres-Orjuela, Alejandro, Toscani, Martina, Tsokaros, Antonios, Unal, Caner, Vázquez-Aceves, Verónica, Valiante, Rosa, van Putten, Maurice, van Roestel, Jan, Vignali, Christian, Volonteri, Marta, Wu, Kinwah, Younsi, Ziri, Yu, Shenghua, Zane, Silvia, Zwick, Lorenz, Antonini, Fabio, Baibhav, Vishal, Barausse, Enrico, Rivera, Alexander Bonilla, Branchesi, Marica, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Burdge, Kevin, Chakraborty, Srija, Cuadra, Jorge, Dage, Kristen, Davis, Benjamin, de Mink, Selma E., Decarli, Roberto, Doneva, Daniela, Escoffier, Stephanie, Gandhi, Poshak, Haardt, Francesco, Lousto, Carlos O., Nissanke, Samaya, Nordhaus, Jason, O'Shaughnessy, Richard, Zwart, Simon Portegies, Pound, Adam, Schussler, Fabian, Sergijenko, Olga, Spallicci, Alessandro, Vernieri, Daniele, Vigna-Gómez, Alejandro, Amaro-Seoane, Pau, Andrews, Jeff, Sedda, Manuel Arca, Askar, Abbas, Balasov, Razvan, Bartos, Imre, Bavera, Simone S., Bellovary, Jillian, Berry, Christopher P. L., Berti, Emanuele, Bianchi, Stefano, Blecha, Laura, Blondin, Stéphane, Bogdanović, Tamara, Boissier, Samuel, Bonetti, Matteo, Bonoli, Silvia, Bortolas, Elisa, Breivik, Katie, Capelo, Pedro R., Caramete, Laurentiu, Catorini, Federico, Charisi, Maria, Chaty, Sylvain, Chen, Xian, Chruślińska, Martyna, Chua, Alvin J. K., Church, Ross, Colpi, Monica, D'Orazio, Daniela, Danielski, Camilla, Davies, Melvyn B., Dayal, Pratika, De Rosa, Alessandra, Derdzinski, Andrea, Destounis, Kyriakos, Dotti, Massimo, Duţan, Ioana, Dvorkin, Irina, Fabj, Gaia, Foglizzo, Thierry, Ford, Saavik, Fouvry, Jean-Baptiste, Fragkos, Tassos, Fryer, Chris, Gaspari, Massimo, Gerosa, Davide, Graziani, Luca, Groot, Paul J., Habouzit, Melanie, Haggard, Daryl, Haiman, Zoltan, Han, Wen-Biao, Istrate, Alina, Johansson, Peter H., Khan, Fazeel Mahmood, Kimpson, Tomas, Kokkotas, Kostas, Kong, Albert, Korol, Valeriya, Kremer, Kyle, Kupfer, Thomas, Lamberts, Astrid, Larson, Shane, Lau, Mike, Liu, Dongliang, Lloyd-Ronning, Nicole, Lodato, Giuseppe, Lupi, Alessandro, Ma, Chung-Pei, Maccarone, Tomas, Mandel, Ilya, Mangiagli, Alberto, Mapelli, Michela, Mathis, Stefan, Mayer, Lucio, McGee, Sean, McKernan, Berry, Miller, M. Coleman, Mota, David F., Mumpower, Matthew, Nasim, Syeda S., Nelemans, Gijs, Noble, Scott, Pacucci, Fabio, Panessa, Francesca, Paschalidis, Vasileios, Pfister, Hugo, Porquet, Delphine, Quenby, John, Röpke, Fritz, Regan, John, Rosswog, Stephan, Ruiter, Ashley, Ruiz, Milton, Runnoe, Jessie, Schneider, Rafaella, Schnittman, Jeremy, Secunda, Amy, Sesana, Alberto, Seto, Naoki, Shao, Lijing, Shapiro, Stuart, Sopuerta, Carlos, Stone, Nick, Suvorov, Arthur, Tamanini, Nicola, Tamfal, Tomas, Tauris, Thomas, Temmink, Karel, Tomsick, John, Toonen, Silvia, Torres-Orjuela, Alejandro, Toscani, Martina, Tsokaros, Antonios, Unal, Caner, Vázquez-Aceves, Verónica, Valiante, Rosa, van Putten, Maurice, van Roestel, Jan, Vignali, Christian, Volonteri, Marta, Wu, Kinwah, Younsi, Ziri, Yu, Shenghua, Zane, Silvia, Zwick, Lorenz, Antonini, Fabio, Baibhav, Vishal, Barausse, Enrico, Rivera, Alexander Bonilla, Branchesi, Marica, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Burdge, Kevin, Chakraborty, Srija, Cuadra, Jorge, Dage, Kristen, Davis, Benjamin, de Mink, Selma E., Decarli, Roberto, Doneva, Daniela, Escoffier, Stephanie, Gandhi, Poshak, Haardt, Francesco, Lousto, Carlos O., Nissanke, Samaya, Nordhaus, Jason, O'Shaughnessy, Richard, Zwart, Simon Portegies, Pound, Adam, Schussler, Fabian, Sergijenko, Olga, Spallicci, Alessandro, Vernieri, Daniele, and Vigna-Gómez, Alejandro
Abstract: Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be a transformative experiment for gravitational wave astronomy as it will offer unique opportunities to address many key astrophysical questions in a completely novel way. The synergy with ground-based and other space-based instruments in the electromagnetic domain, by enabling multi-messenger observations, will add further to the discovery potential of LISA. The next decade is crucial to prepare the astrophysical community for LISA's first observations. This review outlines the extensive landscape of astrophysical theory, numerical simulations, and astronomical observations that are instrumental for modeling and interpreting the upcoming LISA datastream. To this aim, the current knowledge in three main source classes for LISA is reviewed: ultra-compact stellar-mass binaries, massive black hole binaries, and extreme or intermediate mass ratio inspirals. The relevant astrophysical processes and the established modeling techniques are summarized. Likewise, open issues and gaps in our understanding of these sources are highlighted, along with an indication of how LISA could help make progress in the different areas. New research avenues that LISA itself, or its joint exploitation with studies in the electromagnetic domain, will enable, are also illustrated. Improvements in modeling and analysis approaches, such as the combination of numerical simulations and modern data science techniques, are discussed. This review is intended to be a starting point for using LISA as a new discovery tool for understanding our Universe., Comment: submitted to Living Reviews In Relativity
Published: 2022

37. Challenges and opportunities of gravitational-wave searches at MHz to GHz frequencies

Author: Aggarwal, Nancy, Aguiar, Odylio D., Bauswein, Andreas, Cella, Giancarlo, Clesse, Sebastian, Cruise, Adrian Michael, Domcke, Valerie, Figueroa, Daniel G., Geraci, Andrew, Goryachev, Maxim, Grote, Hartmut, Hindmarsh, Mark, Muia, Francesco, Mukund, Nikhil, Ottaway, David, Peloso, Marco, Quevedo, Fernando, Ricciardone, Angelo, Steinlechner, Jessica, Steinlechner, Sebastian, Sun, Sichun, Tobar, Michael E., Torrenti, Francisco, Unal, Caner, White, Graham, Aggarwal, Nancy, Aguiar, Odylio D., Bauswein, Andreas, Cella, Giancarlo, Clesse, Sebastian, Cruise, Adrian Michael, Domcke, Valerie, Figueroa, Daniel G., Geraci, Andrew, Goryachev, Maxim, Grote, Hartmut, Hindmarsh, Mark, Muia, Francesco, Mukund, Nikhil, Ottaway, David, Peloso, Marco, Quevedo, Fernando, Ricciardone, Angelo, Steinlechner, Jessica, Steinlechner, Sebastian, Sun, Sichun, Tobar, Michael E., Torrenti, Francisco, Unal, Caner, and White, Graham
Abstract: The first direct measurement of gravitational waves by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations has opened up new avenues to explore our Universe. This white paper outlines the challenges and gains expected in gravitational-wave searches at frequencies above the LIGO/Virgo band, with a particular focus on Ultra High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (UHF-GWs), covering the MHz to GHz range. The absence of known astrophysical sources in this frequency range provides a unique opportunity to discover physics beyond the Standard Model operating both in the early and late Universe, and we highlight some of the most promising gravitational sources. We review several detector concepts that have been proposed to take up this challenge, and compare their expected sensitivity with the signal strength predicted in various models. This report is the summary of the workshop "Challenges and opportunities of high-frequency gravitational wave detection" held at ICTP Trieste, Italy in October 2019, that set up the stage for the recently launched Ultra-High-Frequency Gravitational Wave (UHF-GW) initiative.
Published: 2022
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