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Graphene oxide (GO) is a two-dimensional, mechanically strong, and chemically tunable material for separations. Elucidating GO–ion–water interactions at the molecular scale is highly important for predictive understanding of separation systems. However, direct observations of the nanometer region by GO surfaces under operando conditions are not trivial. Therefore, thin films of GO at the air/water interface can be used as model systems. With this approach, we study the effects of alkali metal ions on water organization near graphene oxide films at the air/water interface using vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. We also use an arachidic acid Langmuir monolayer as a benchmark for a pure carboxylic acid surface. Theoretical modeling of the concentration-dependent sum frequency signal from graphene oxide and arachidic acid surfaces reveals that the adsorption of monovalent ions is mainly controlled by the carboxylic acid groups on graphene oxide. An in-depth analysis of sum frequency spectra reveals at least three distinct water populations with different hydrogen bonding strengths. The origin of each population can be identified from concentration dependent variations of their SFG signal. Interestingly, an interfacial water structure seemed mostly insensitive to the character of the alkali cation, in contrast to similar studies conducted at the silica/water interface. However, we observed an ion-specific effect with lithium, whose strong hydration prevented direct interactions with the graphene oxide film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A novel and efficient protocol for the microwave‐assisted synthesis of diversely substituted 2,2′‐bisbenzimidazol‐5,6′‐dicarboxylic acid (BIMCA) from the reaction of 3,4‐diaminobenzoic acid with oxalic acid has been developed, which proceeds through sequential nucleophilic addition and electrophilic substitution in accordance with the Philips method. The synthetic utility of this strategy was demonstrated by the concise, one‐pot synthesis of (BIMCA) and metal complexes. (BIMCA) with a [{Fe(salen)}2O] Schiff base ligand complex and new benzimidazole coordination compounds with double oxygen [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}2] ligand complexes were obtained. The resulting [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}2] ligand complex was then synthesized from Co(CH3COO)2.4H2O, Ni(CH3COO)2.4H2O and Cu(CH3COO)2.H2O heteronuclear complexes. The condensations proceed with good yield to give products that, in certain instances, are not readily attainable by conventional condensation techniques. The structures of the compounds were identified by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility. The mutagenic potential of the synthesized chemicals was evaluated by the Ames test towards mutant Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. It was recorded that these chemicals had no mutagenic action. Also, antimicrobial activities were screened by broth microdilution test. It was seen that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was 0.195 mg/mL, followed by a MIC value of 0.390 mg/mL against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}2Co(II)] demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus, with an MIC of 0.195 mg/mL, followed by an MIC of 0.390 mg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, K. pneumonia and Salmonella typhimurium. The antioxidant properties were examined using various chemical assays, and [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}2O] and (BIMCA) exhibited greater 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, when compared with other compounds. Enzyme inhibitory effects were tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amylase, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase. [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}2Cu(II)] displayed the best AChE (IC50 0.51 mg/mL), BChE (IC50 0.51 mg/mL) and tyrosinase (IC50 1.52 mg/mL) inhibitory effects. Furthermore, molecular docking calculations were performed to gain insights into the interaction between [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}2] and AChE, and between [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}2Cu(II)] and amylase. Both compounds showed the potential inhibition of the protein targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND AIM: International guidelines recommend several scoring systems to assess community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) severity, which play a crucial role in guiding treatment decisions. This study aims to compare the performance of these scores in predicting mortality in patients hospitalized with CAP. METHODS: Patients admitted to Trakya University Faculty of Medicine Hospital between January 2018 and December 2019 with CAP were retrospectively reviewed through the hospital database. Recorded data included patients' demographics, comorbidities, disease severity scores (Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), CURB-65 (Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, 65 years or older), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)), laboratory findings, and outcomes (intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay, hospital mortality). Patients were grouped and compared according to their admission location (ward or ICU). RESULTS: The median age was 69.5 (54.2 - 80.0). PSI, CURB-65, APACHE II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS-3), and SOFA scores were higher in ICU patients than in those admitted to the ward. The overall hospital mortality was 22%. Regarding mortality, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) values for the PSI, CURB-65, APACHE II, SAPS-3, and SOFA scores in hospitalized patients were 0.854 (p<0.001), 0.785 (p<0.001), 0.807 (p<0.01), 0.821 (p=0.01), and 0.773 (p<0.01), respectively. In the subgroup analysis of ICU patients, the AUC values and their respective CI for the PSI, CURB-65, APACHE II, SAPS-3, and SOFA scores related to mortality were: 0.758 ( p<0.001), 0.667 (p=0.02), 0.684 (p=0.03), 0.744 (p=0.001), and 0.643 (p=0.04), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The PSI and SAPS-3 scores are valuable in helping clinicians identify patients at high risk of mortality and in tailoring treatment for patients hospitalized with CAP, including those admitted to the ICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the seismicity of the Erzincan Plain and its surroundings, which are part of the Upper Euphrates Section in the Eastern Anatolia Region was investigated. Erzincan Plain is a tectonic plain developed on the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). However, the NE-SW trending North-East Anatolian Fault (NEAF) in the north of the plain and the Ovacık Fault (OF) in the southeast of the plain affected the development of the plain. The Erzincan Plain, which is tectonically located at the intersection of faults, has experienced large earthquakes that have been effective in the past to the present. Seventeen of these devastating earthquakes occurred in the historical period and two in the instrumental period (1939 and 1992 Erzincan earthquakes). Severe earthquakes have occurred that seventeen of these earthquakes occurred in the historical period and two in the instrumental period. Considering this situation of the plain environment, spatial and intensity analyses were performed using 46 earthquake data with a magnitude of Mw =4 that occurred in the instrumental period. Based on the analysis, destructive earthquakes are concentrated in and around Erzincan, situated on the NAFZ. Moderate and low-intensity earthquakes, on the other hand, are more common in the east and southeast of the plain. The high concentration of severe earthquakes around Erzincan indicates a high risk in these areas. Therefore, it is advisable to establish new settlement areas outside the main fault zone, on gently sloping plains to the west of the Erzincan plain, which are more suitable in terms of ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital papillary adenocarcinoma (DPA) is a rare malignant eccrine tumor. A 62-year-old female presented with a subcutaneous nodular 1.5cm-mass in the thumb. Macroscopically, a poorly circumscribed mass containing cystic and solid components was observed. Microscopically, epithelial neoplasm consisting of tubular-cystic structures with back-to-back arrangements was observed. The lining epithelium was composed of cuboidal/columnar cells with mild atypia, with micropapillary extensions. Immunohistochemistry revealed double-layered neoplastic epithelium containing two different types of cells: basaloid/myoepithelial and luminal. We recommend two out of vimentin, HMWCK, and D2-40 for myoepithelial/basaloid cells, also CK7 and EMA for luminal/columnar cells. As the tumor had infiltrated the surgical margins, the patient underwent axillary sentinel lymph node (SLN) dissection and re-excision with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). Two additional MMS stages were required due to suspicious surgical margin positivity in the frozen sections. The operation was continued despite the risk of loss of function. Upon examination of the permanent sections, we observed no tumors in the suspected positive foci. Additionally, no tumor was found in the surgical margins. No metastasis was detected in the sentinel lymph node. We have reached 300 reported cases of DPA in the literature. We discussed the histopathological and intraoperative diagnostic pitfalls of DPA with a literature review and our experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk Dental Journal is the property of Selcuk Dental Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)