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A few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have assessed the effect of brown rice consumption on metabolic parameters compared to white rice, with inconsistent findings. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the effect of brown rice on adiposity indices, lipid profile, and glycemic markers in adult subjects compared to white rice. In this study, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Embase databases were comprehensively searched until March 2021. Thirteen RCTs were selected and then included in the meta-analysis. As reported, brown rice significantly reduced weight by −1.63 kg (95% CI: −2.15 to −1.11, I2=97%, n = 6), body mass index (BMI) by −0.58 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.78 to −0.37, I2=96%, n = 6), and waist circumference by −2.56 cm (95% CI: −4.86 to −0.26, I2=88%, n = 5) compared with white rice. Moreover, it had no significant effect on lipid profile and glycemic markers. Besides, pre-germinated brown rice significantly declined weight (-1.75 kg, 95% CI: −2.70 to −0.81, I2=99%, n = 4), total cholesterol (-24.22 mg/dl, 95% CI: −33.03 to −15.41, I2=78%, n = 5), triglyceride (TG) (-43.28 mg/dl, 95% CI: −74.05 to −12.50, I2=90%, n = 5), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (-20.05 mg/dl, 95% CI: −29.57 to −10.52, I2=71%, n = 5), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (-15.83 mg/dl, 95% CI: −25.20 to −6.46, I2=91%, n = 5). In accordance with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, the certainly of the included evidence was low and very low. The results of the present study indicate that, brown rice has anti-obesity effects in comparison with white rice; however, it has no beneficial effects on lipid profile and glycemic markers. Contrary to brown rice, it was shown that, pre-germinated brown rice significantly decreases body weight and improves lipid profile and FBG levels compared to white rice. Accordingly, our results indicate that, pre-germinated brown rice has better functional effects on promoting lipid profile and FBG compared to brown rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important players in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Few studies have addressed HDAC expressions in human adipose tissue in obese individuals, and their association with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we compared 20 non-obese and 20 obese women to investigate possible changes in gene expressions of HDAC2, 4, 5, and 6 in the subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) and visceral adipose tissues (VAT) of these individuals. Our findings showed decreased HDAC5 expression in SAT and elevated HDAC4 expression in VAT from the obese group compared with the non-obese group. Our analyses showed negative correlations between HDAC2, 5, and 6 and the obesity indices and positive correlations between HDAC4 and obesity indices. HDAC2 showed a positive correlation with pro-inflammatory cytokines whereas HDAC4, 5, and 6 were negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings provide new evidence that implicates the important roles of HDACs in obesity and obesity-associated inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]