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Environmental changes are occurring on a global scale, but their effects are most pronounced in climate change hotspot zones, such as the Mediterranean basin. Within this area Italy, extending from its southern coasts in the core of the Mediterranean Sea to its northernmost pre-Alpine and Alpine regions, is characterized by a variety of climatic conditions and vegetation types. Surveys conducted in 2018–2022 in forest formations of Central-Northern Italy revealed that the enhanced warming trend and irregular distribution of precipitations are strongly impacting the health of Fraxinus species, with some pathogenic fungi and oomycetes being important contributing factors to the decline of the three main ash species growing there: common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), flowering ash (Fraxinus ornus), and narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia). Isolation from symptomatic plant material collected countrywide under different site conditions and pathogenicity tests revealed a complex phytopathological framework, with several pathogenic species in addition to Hymenoscyphus fraxineus involved with a prominent role in the ash dieback etiology. Key microbial taxa included the fungal and oomycete pathogens Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia fraxini, Diplodia subglobosa, Phytophthora acerina, and Phytophthora plurivora. The disease impact was higher on sites where ash trees grew under environmental stress (i.e., areas characterized by mild dry winters, hot summers with intense and prolonged drought) and exhibited reduced vigor, also as a consequence of anthropogenic interference (i.e., silvicultural management and fires). The identified causative agents are emerging pathogens that thrive under warmer conditions, their impact in the investigated areas being prevalent compared to H. fraxineus, which appears to be restricted on the Italian peninsula to the cooler and wetter valleys of the Alps and Central-Northern Apennines.

Context Olive leaf extract (OLE) is rich in phenolic compounds, which are known for their health benefits. Cardiovascular diseases, primarily coronary heart disease and stroke, are leading causes of mortality globally. Objective This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of OLE on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults. The selection of studies was based on intervention and outcomes, using relevant search descriptors. Data Sources The databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched for pertinent studies published up to August 2021. Data Extraction Only randomized clinical trials, either cross-over or parallel, involving adult individuals aged ≥18 years, were considered. Additionally, trials that had a comparative or placebo group and used pure OLEs for oral treatment were included. Data Analysis Twelve randomized clinical trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria. These trials had follow-up periods ranging from 2 days to 12 weeks and involved 703 patients aged 18 years–79 years. The outcomes demonstrated a positive correlation between the intervention group and glucose metabolism (4 RCTs), blood pressure (2 RCTs), lipid profile (2 RCTs), and inflammatory markers (2 RCTs). The RoB2 tool and the GRADE system were used to evaluate the risk of bias and the quality of evidence in the studies. Conclusions In the meta-analysis, fasting glycemia, as evaluated in studies using a low dose of OLE, showed a significant result favoring the control group. To obtain more consistent results, further clinical studies in humans, using similar methodologies, are required. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020200877. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Olive leaves currently represent a waste from olive oil industry that can be reused as source of polyphenols and other compounds. The objective of this study was to test whether incorporation of olive leaf powder directly in olive oils can enhance and modify its chemical‐sensory quality. Thus, leaves from cultivar "Koroneiki" were washed, sanitized, dried (37–40°C for 48 h) and milled until obtaining a powder that was added to "Arbequina" and "Koroneiki" extra virgin olive oils, at 1% and 3%. The oils were stored in dark conditions at room temperature and samples were checked after 0, 3, 6 and 12 months. The quality parameters, sensory properties, and nutrition quality (total phenolics, antioxidant, oleuropein and alpha‐tocopherol) were evaluated. The olive leaves affected quality and chemical composition, mainly increasing resistance to oxidation, which was not verified in samples without leaves addition. The incorporation of leaves powder significantly increased the contents of C6‐C5 alcohols/aldehydes, intensity of the green fruity and bitter, also artichoke, herbs, tomato leaf, olive leaves and banana peels sensations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery, extracorporeal circulation affects the incidence of post-operative delirium and cognitive impairment with an impact on quality of life and mortality. In this study, a new oxygenator system (RemoweLL 2) was tested against a conventional system to assess its efficacy in reducing the onset of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction and the levels of serum inflammatory markers. A total of 154 patients (>65 y.o.) undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were enrolled and randomly assigned to oxygenator RemoweLL 2 (n = 81) or to gold standard device Inspire (n = 73) between September 2019 and March 2022. The aims of the study were to assess the incidence of delirium and the cognitive decline by neuropsychiatric tests and the MoCa test intra-hospital and at 6 months after CPB. Inflammation biomarkers in both groups were also evaluated. Before the CPB, the experimental groups were comparable for all variables. After CPB, the incidence of severe post-operative delirium showed a better trend (p = 0.093) in patients assigned to RemoweLL 2 (16.0%) versus Inspire (26.0%). Differences in enolase levels (p = 0.049), white blood cells (p = 0.006), and neutrophils (p = 0.003) in favor of RemoweLL 2 were also found. The use of novel and better construction technologies in CPB oxygenator devices results in measurable better neurocognitive and neurological outcomes in the elderly population undergoing CPB.

Introdução: asma é um problema mundial, atingindo 339 milhões de pessoas no mundo. Os dispositivos inalatórios para o tratamento da asma são dispensados para 1173 usuários em Farmácia de Medicamentos Especiais (FME) do sul do Brasil, pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, no entanto, não há até o momento uma avaliação do controle da asma nessa população. A Telessaude foi regulamentada recentemente no Brasil e possibilitou que serviços farmacêuticos sejam ofertados à população de forma remota. O Telecuidado está sendo executado desde 2020, sendo caracterizado um serviço de acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico de forma remota. Objetivo: avaliar o nível de controle da asma em usuários que receberam o serviço remoto. Materiais e Métodos: estudo observacional quantitativo-descritivo realizado entre julho e outubro de 2021 através da aplicação do ACT por telefone aos 159 usuários com processo deferido para dispensação de dispositivo inalatório de corticóide associado a LABA na FME da cidade do sul do Brasil com contato atualizado e que acordaram participar do estudo. As variáveis idade, sexo e escore ACT foram tabeladas em média e desvio padrão. Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelo CEP sob o nº CAEE 40194820100005312. Resultados e discussão: a amostra foi composta por 49 pessoas do sexo masculino com média etária de 58 anos (18,65) e 110 do sexo feminino com média etária de 60,5 (16,74). Os usuários foram classificados em grupos de acordo com o escore ACT, sendo 49,69% “mal controlado”, 29,56% “pouco controlado” e 20,75% “bem controlado”. Dentro dos grupos etários, 3,14% tinham até 17 anos e apresentam escore ACT médio 17 (5,55), 5,03% de 18 a 29 anos e ACT 17 (5,09), 40,25% de 30 a 59 anos e ACT 15 (4,15) e, por fim, 51,57% maiores de 60 anos com ACT 16 (5,02). Os resultados apontam controle insatisfatório em 79,25% da amostra independentemente da idade, apesar do acesso regular ao medicamento, e corroboram com outros registros de pesquisas brasileiras em população adulta que apontam que cerca de 12% apenas da população com asma está sob controle. Os principais PRM relatados na literatura que afetam o controle das DCR estão relacionados, além do acesso, à adesão e à técnica de administração do dispositivo inalatório. Todos os usuários avaliados foram incluídos no ensaio clínico de medida da efetividade do serviço. Conclusão: o estudo enfatiza que apenas garantir o acesso ao medicamento não é suficiente para o controle da asma e destaca a importância da implementação de programas que permitam o acompanhamento e educação em saúde desses usuários. A partir dos dados relatados, será possível avaliar o controle da asma após intervenção farmacêutica na mesma amostra.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade dos conteúdos de estatística básica, por meio de uma pesquisa de campo. Foi desenvolvido em uma turma de 40 alunos entre 16, 17 e 18 anos, durante o ano letivo de 2016. Em uma escola Pública Federal de Ensino Médio Técnico, localizada no Sul do Brasil. A abordagem deste trabalho é de cunho quantitativo, pois os estudantes realizaram pesquisas sobre temas de seus interesses, com o intuito de aplicarem os conteúdos estatísticos. O trabalho foi realizado por etapas, as quais foram cumpridas na seguinte ordem: escolha do tema a ser trabalhado, organização da pesquisa, forma de coleta de dados e as análises estatísticas. A proposta dessa pesquisa, buscou uma nova abordagem de aprendizagem sobre a Educação Estatística. O levantamento sobre os temas de interesse foi realizado pelos próprios estudantes, que construíram gráficos, tabelas e calcularam as medidas descritivas sobre os dados encontrados de acordo com os temas escolhidos. Os resultados foram apresentados para a comunidade acadêmica, em forma de pôsteres. As pesquisas trouxeram aos estudantes embasamento teórico, conhecimentos de ferramentas tecnológicas, construção de questionários e principalmente a compreensão, a importância e a construção da educação estatística. Os estudantes puderam trabalhar diretamente com pesquisas, e a aplicabilidade da estatística. Dessa forma buscando desenvolver os conceitos na sua formação enquanto cidadãos. E principalmente compreendendo a importância da interpretação estatísticas para a vida.

Remanufacturing of end-of-life products and parts is seen as a solution in the transition towards a circular economy. There are many proposed tools and methods to facilitate the application of this circular strategy, however, among them, there is a lack of support tools for practitioners that include multiple perspectives related to the value chain and circular economy. In fact, remanufacturing strategy, economic and environmental trade-offs, and circularity indicators are rarely integrated within one framework. In this paper, an approach is presented taking advantage of the state-of-the-art research on green profit model and circularity indicators; in other words, these tools are used together to unlock the circular potential in manufacturing practice. In this way, typical problems of production planning and control in remanufacturing processes are interconnected with the goals of sustainable development, also considering product design and end-of-life strategy choices. The presented framework represents a promising support to be used in industrial practice. A case study based on PV panel infrastructure allows a better comprehension of the research outputs and assesses the validity of the support provided by the framework in the deployment of circular economy strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global pandemic caused delays in global supply chains, and numerous manufacturing companies are experiencing a lack of materials and components. This material shortage affects assembly systems at various levels: process level (decreasing of the resource efficiency), system level (blocking or starvation of production entities), and company level (breaking the deadlines for the supplying of the products to customers or retailers). Flexible assembly systems allow dynamic reactions in such uncertain environments. However, online scheduling algorithms of current research are not considering reactions to material shortages. In the present research, we aim to evaluate the influence of material shortage on the assembly system performance. The paper presents a discrete event simulation of an assembly system. The system architecture, its behavior, the resources, their capacities, and product specific operations are included. The material shortage effect on the assembly system is compensated utilizing different system flexibility levels, characterized by operational and routing flexibility. An online control algorithm determines optimal production operation under material shortage uncertain conditions. With industrial data, different simulation scenarios evaluate the benefits of assembly systems with varying flexibility levels. Consideration of flexibility levels might facilitate exploration of the optimal flexibility level with the lowest production makespan that influence further supply chain, as makespan minimization cause reducing of delays for following supply chain entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]