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(E)-6-Methoxy-1-methyl-3-(2-(3-methyl-4-nitroisoxazol-5-yl)vinyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one dye (MQI) has been synthesized, and its structural and electronic properties have been characterized by employing UV-vis spectroscopy in combination with computational methods. The MQI dye has been assessed as an activated Michael acceptor-type probe toward bisulfite ions. This reaction was kinetically tested in different mild, cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, and cetylpyridinium bromide), and zwitterionic (N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate, N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate, and N-hexacyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate) micellar solutions at pH ∼ 5.5. Both micellar media remarkably allow the addition reactions, increasing the reactivity of MQI towards bisulfite ions, the biggest effects were found in the presence of cationic micelles. The binding constants of MQI with the micelles and the rate constants were determined from kinetic data, which were interpreted on the basis of the pseudophase kinetic model. The kinetic study and the product analysis allow us to highlight the relevant role of the association between MQI dye and the micellized surfactant, allowing efficient nucleophilic addition of bisulfite ions. The findings of this work will be valuable for the use of micellar solutions as an alternative medium to replace the use of toxic solvents to carry out organic reactions to perform nucleophilic addition reactions of bisulfite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines systems containing planar tetracoordinate group 13–15 atoms (E) within pentagonal C4H2E rings bridged by Si or Ge atoms. A detailed chemical bonding analysis of eleven candidates shows that true tetracoordination is achieved only in the C4H2NGe2+ system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1977 Weiss and Grimes, by means of mass spectrometry and 1H and 11B NMR spectroscopy, proposed two structures (I and II) for the ferraborane (η5‐C5H5)Fe(B5H10), isoelectronic with ferrocene. In this work, by means of high‐level quantum‐chemical computations, we confirm the experimental structures of the two isomers with their corresponding energies, and assign the reported 1H and 11B NMR chemical shifts. A striking result from this study is the planarization (3D→2D) of the B5H10− ligand – an unknown isolated anion, isoelectronic with aromatic cyclopentadienyl anion C5H5− – when attached to the (η5‐C5H5)Fe+ moiety, thus resulting in a more stable ferraborane isomer II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we delved into the structure of B5H5 and questioned some of its accepted assumptions. By exploring the potential energy surface, we found a new three-dimensional structure as the global minimum. This finding is in contrast with the previously hypothesized planar and cage-like models. Our exploration extends to the kinetic stability of various B5H5 isomers, offering insights into the dynamic behavior of these molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When (4n +2) π‐electrons are located in single planar ring, it conventionally qualifies as aromatic. According Hückel's rule, systems possessing ten π‐electrons should be aromatic. Herein we report a series of D5h Li6E5Li6 sandwich structures, representing the first global minima featuring ten π‐electrons E510− ring (E=Si−Pb). However, these π‐electrons localize as five π‐lone‐pairs rather than delocalized orbitals. The high symmetry structure achieved is a direct consequence of σ‐aromaticity, particularly favored in elements from Si to Pb, resulting in a pronounced diatropic ring current flow that contributes to the enhanced stability of these systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, an active research topic is the connection between Clar's rule, aromaticity, and magnetic properties of polycyclic benzenoid hydrocarbons. In the present work, we employ a meticulous magnetically induced current density analysis to define the net current flowing through any cyclic circuit, connecting it to aromaticity based on the ring current concept. Our investigation reveals that the analyzed polycyclic systems display a prominent global ring current, contrasting with subdued semi‐local and local ring currents. These patterns align with Clar's aromatic π‐sextets only in cases where migrating π‐sextet structures are invoked. The results of this study will enrich our comprehension of aromaticity and magnetic behavior in such systems, offering significant insights into coexisting ring current circuits in these systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using various exploration strategies, in this study, we investigated the potential energy surfaces (PES) of CBe5H5+ and CnBe3n+2H2n+22+ (n = 2–4) clusters. Previous studies proposed that the planar pentacoordinate carbons (ppCs) were the global minima of these clusters. However, our study identified new putative global minima and competitive isomers, refuting some previous assignments. We employed several methods, including evolutive-inspired stochastic approaches guided by "chemical criteria", and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at elevated temperatures. Our results showed that the size of the scanned population significantly affected the evolutive method and that constrained or guided procedures showed an advantage in identifying better minima for larger systems. This study demonstrated that using multiple complementary strategies can result in a wider variety of minima in a given energy range. Our findings provide valuable insights into exploring the potential energy surfaces of clusters, mainly medium-sized clusters, which could be the connections between small clusters and nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planar boron clusters have often been regarded as "π‐analogous" to aromatic arenes because of their similar delocalized π‐bonding. However, unlike arenes such as C5H5− and C6H6, boron clusters have not previously shown the ability to form sandwich complexes. In this study, we present the first sandwich complex involving beryllium and boron, B7Be6B7. The global minimum of this combination adopts a unique architecture having a D6h geometry, featuring an unprecedented monocyclic Be6 ring sandwiched between two quasi‐planar B7 motifs. The thermochemical and kinetic stability of B7Be6B7 can be attributed to strong electrostatic and covalent interactions between the fragments. Chemical bonding analysis shows that B7Be6B7 can be considered as a [B7]3−[Be6]6+[B7]3− complex. Moreover, there is a significant electron delocalization within this cluster, supported by the local diatropic contributions of the B7 and Be6 fragments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we present evidence that the D2h M2C50/2+ (M = Li-K, Be-Ca, Al-In, and Zn) species comprises planar hexacoordinate carbon (phC) structures that exhibit four covalent and two electrostatic interactions. These findings have been made possible using evolutionary methods for exploring the potential energy surface (AUTOMATON program) and the Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) methodology, which support the observed bonding interactions. It is worth noting, however, that these structures are not the global minimum. Nonetheless, incorporating two cyclopentadienyl anion ligands (Cp) into the CaC52+ system has enhanced the relative stability of the phC isomer. Moreover, cycloparaphenylene ([8]CPP) provides system protection and kinetic stability. These results indicate that using appropriate ligands presents a promising approach for expanding the chemistry of phC species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the central role of aromaticity in the chemistry of expanded porphyrins, the evaluation of aromaticity remains difficult for these extended macrocycles. The presence of multiple conjugation pathways and different planar and nonplanar π‐conjugation topologies makes the quantification of global and local aromaticity even more challenging. In neutral expanded porphyrins, the predominance of the aromatic conjugation pathway passing through the imine‐type nitrogens and circumventing the amino NH groups is established. However, for charged macrocycles, the question about the main conjugation circuit remains open. Accordingly, different conjugation pathways in a set of neutral, anionic, and cationic expanded porphyrins were investigated by means of several aromaticity indices rooted in the structural, magnetic, and electronic criteria. Overall, our results reveal the predominance of the conjugation pathway that passes through all nitrogen atoms to describe the aromaticity of deprotonated expanded porphyrins, while the outer pathway through the perimeter carbon atoms becomes the most aromatic in protonated macrocycles. In nonplanar and charged macrocycles, a discrepancy between electronic and magnetic descriptors is observed. Nevertheless, our work demonstrates AVmin remains the best tool to determine the main conjugation pathway of expanded porphyrins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we show that substituting the ten protons in the dianion of a bispentalene derivative (C18H102−) by six Si2+ dications produces a minimum energy structure with two planar tetracoordinate carbons (ptC). In Si6C18, the ptCs are embedded in the terminal C5 pentagonal rings and participate in a three‐center, two‐electron (3c‐2e) Si‐ptC‐Si σ‐bond. Our exploration of the potential energy surface identifies a triphenylene derivative as the putative global minimum. Nevertheless, robustness to Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations at 900 and 1500 K supports bispentalene derivative kinetic stability. Chemical bonding analysis reveals ten delocalized π‐bonds, which, according to Hückel's 4n + 2 π‐electron rule, would classify it as an aromatic system. Magnetically induced current density analysis reveals the presence of intense local paratropic currents and a weakly global diatropic current, the latter agreeing with the possible global aromatic character of this specie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, it is shown that the M3B12 (M = Cu-Au) clusters' global minima consist of an elongated planar B12 fragment connected by an in-plane linear M3 fragment. This result is striking since this B12 planar structure is not favored in the bare cluster, nor when one or two metals are added. The minimum energy structures were revealed by screening the potential energy surface using genetic algorithms and density functional theory calculations. Chemical bonding analysis shows that the strong electrostatic interactions with the metal compensate for the high energy spent in the M3 and B12 fragment distortion. Furthermore, metals participate in the delocalized π-bonds, which infers an aromatic character to these species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic exploration of the potential energy surface reveals two global minima with three planar tetra coordinate carbons (ptCs) and two global minima with three quasi-ptCs for E6C15 (E = Si–Pb) combinations. These consist of aromatic polycyclic templates suitable for further design of different materials without hindering the ptC texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]