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The construction sector of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), valued at USD 152 billion and employing 2.54 million people by 2023, is crucial to its economy. However, it faces challenges such as delays, disputes, and cost overruns. This study aims to address these issues by implementing Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the KSA, based on an extensive literature review highlighting the role and significance of BIM in mitigating construction claims. BIM improves collaboration, communication, and data integration among stakeholders. Hence, this study proposes a comprehensive BIM Package framework comprising Revit Architecture, Microsoft Project, and Cost-X to reduce claims effectively. Validated through a KSA claims case study with a USD 1,870,000 claims value and 360-day delay, the BIM Package significantly reduced the claims value to USD 188,000 and saved 275 days. Interview sessions were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the BIM Package; 95% favored the use of BIM, 86% supported NEC4 contract adoption alongside BIM, 100% acknowledged BIM's potential in reducing design errors, 95% were confident in the case study's accuracy, and 82% were satisfied with data accuracy. This study confirms that BIM is an effective approach for minimizing construction claims in the KSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of new technologies, artificial Intelligence, BANI environment and multidimensional complexity in projects requires project managers to have an innovative instinct to formulate efficient project management practices to achieve project success. Most articles in the extant literature have discussed leadership factors impacting project success; however, leadership behavioural practices encompassing characteristics/dimensions have not been considered and discussed in a unified manner. Therefore, a need arises with an objective for such a study to bridge the gap of a systematic literature review on leadership behavioural practice characteristics and provide a unified summarised effort to understand relationships with project success from relevant studies between 2000 and 2021. A sample of 72 out of 2805 articles was finally selected for rigorous analysis in a seven-step literature review process. This SLR has identified high to moderate levels of tangible managerial interpersonal and emotional behavioural practice characteristics compared to low-level task-oriented and intellectual practices on construction projects. Compelling evidence shows that relationship-building and people-oriented project leaders using effective communication and collaborative working are highly valued compared to taskoriented project leaders on successful construction projects. Effective leadership practices and findings from this SLR will provide a benchmark for future researchers to investigate further construction projects to generalize SLR outcomes on a broader scale. In addition, project organizations can use our identified cluster listings of behavioural practice characteristics during their recruitment process of project professionals. Low-valued soft skills in our analysis need more investigations in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Real‐world evidence is an essential component of evidence‐based medicine. The aim of the BICSTaR (BICtegravir Single Tablet Regimen) study is to assess effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in antiretroviral treatment‐naïve (TN) and treatment‐experienced (TE) people with HIV. Methods: BICSTaR is a prospective, observational cohort study. Participants (≥18 years) are being followed for 24 months. A pooled analysis is presented at 12 months, with the primary endpoint of effectiveness (HIV‐1 RNA <50 copies/mL) and secondary endpoints of safety and tolerability (as per protocol). An exploration of patient‐reported outcome measures using standardized questionnaires is included. Results: Between June 2018 and May 2021, 1552 people with HIV were enrolled across 12 countries. The analysed population comprised 1509 individuals (279 TN, 1230 TE); most were white (76%), male (84%) and had one or more comorbid conditions (68%). Median age was 47 years. After 12 months of B/F/TAF treatment, HIV‐1 RNA was <50 copies/mL in 94% (221/236) of TN participants and 97% (977/1008) of TE participants. Median CD4 cell count increased by 214 cells/μL (p < 0.001) in TN participants and 13 cells/μL (p = 0.014) in TE participants; median CD4/CD8 ratios increased by 0.30 and 0.03, respectively (both p < 0.001). Persistence was high at 12 months (TN, 97%; TE, 95%). No resistance to B/F/TAF emerged. Study drug‐related adverse events occurred in 13% of participants through 12 months, leading to B/F/TAF discontinuation in 6%. Conclusions: The findings of this study provide robust real‐world evidence to support the broad use of B/F/TAF in both TN and TE people with HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This study aims to develop a photo-based methodology to identify occupants' collaborative image of the energy-efficient small-size housing. Design/methodology/approach - Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, 24 photos were randomly selected from different urban areas of Brisbane (Australia) city for an online survey. In total, 36 participants evaluated the photos 159 times. Findings - Conducted content analysis resulted in the identification of five attribute-based factors, generated from 16 semantic categories and 74 attributes. Using a non-parametric Chi-square test, the factors were categorised in two levels, i.e. envelope elements (primary and secondary) and passive climatic principles; architectural composition principles and neighbourhood quality. Social implications - The discussion on the results via the theory of planned behaviour suggests that regarding the external aspects, the people's image of energy-efficient housing could be influenced by their perceived control over changeable and adjustable attributes. Originality/value - The photo-based methodology developed by this paper has the potential to quantify occupants' collaborative image of small-size housing energy efficiency, which would be essential in assisting them to adjust their dwelling units regarding the congruity of the energy-efficiency attributes with their preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this systematic literature review was to investigate the current understanding of the competencies needed by Engineering Asset Management personnel in local authorities within Australia. During the development of the search string for the literature review, it was found that there were no available peer-reviewed articles on Engineering Asset Management competencies through an Australian local authority lens between January 2010 and December 2019 within the searched databases. Based on this, the search string criteria was re-focused onto Engineer Asset Management competencies within Australia (in general), as the new frame. Using this updated string search, the authors searched several databases (EBSCOHost, Informit, Scopus Informit and Web of Science) for research published in English between January 2010 and December 2019 that detailed the competencies deemed necessary for personnel undertaking Engineering Asset Management activities within the Australian context. Additional records were searched for in relation to the topic, from a range of Engineering and Engineering Management Conferences held between 2010 and 2019. Two hundred and thirty publications were identified through database searches, while eight conference proceedings were identified from the additional conference search. These were initially checked for duplicates, and then subjected to the refinement stage against a detailed review criteria, as per the PRISMA framework checklist process. Four articles progressed through the full PRISMA framework process. Further in-depth reviews of the remaining four papers found that one article was principally focused on the Australian Quality Framework (AQF) certification training processes, while the remaining three papers contained data of competency requirements (and example subjects) for Engineering Asset Management personnel within Australia. This data was collated, and through a deductive qualitative content analysis, was coded into three common themes: (1) Technical skills, (2) Professional skills – internally focused and (3) Professional skills – externally focused. The review process undertaken within this research initially showed that there were no papers within the original search frame of Australian local authorities, while the updated search detailed limited available literature within the general Australian context. This highlights an apparent gap within the available literature for the research topic scope during the period within January 2010 and December 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: BICSTaR (GS-EU-380-4472/GS-CA-380-4574/GS-IL-380- 5335) is an ongoing, multinational, observational cohort study evaluating real-world effectiveness and safety of B/F/TAF in ART naïve (TN) and ARTexperienced (TE) PLWH. Materials and Methods: This 12M pooled analysis included PLWH starting B/F/TAF in clinical practice from June 2018 to September 2020 (latterly during the COVID-19 pandemic) in Europe/Israel/Canada. Outcomes included virological effectiveness (HIV‐1 RNA <50 copies/ml [missing=excluded]), persistence, drug‐related adverse events (DRAEs), and laboratory parameters. Results: One-thousand one hundred thirty-five PLWH were included (Table 1). The TE group had older median age than TN. Of TE participants, 65%/20%/16% switched from INSTI/NNRTI/PI-based regimens (36% TDF/46% TAF/13% ABC); 12% had prior virologic failure. Baseline resistance was documented in 124/535 participants (NRTI/NNRTI/PI/ INSTI=6%/6%/3%/0.2%). Prevalence of comorbidities (47%/72% TN/TE) and concomitant medication usage was high. At 12M, 97% (149/154) of TN and 96% (771/800) of TE participants had HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml, and persistence on B/F/TAF was high [91% (1032/1135)]. In a multivariable analysis, TE participants with neuropsychiatric disorder ongoing at baseline had lower odds for viral suppression (odds ratio=0.45, 95% CI: 0.21-0.96). There was no emergence of resistance to the components of B/F/TAF. DRAEs occurred in 13% (148/1135) of participants; gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric DRAEs were the most common (3% each). Discontinuations due to DRAEs were low (TN 4%; TE 6%). Serious DRAEs were rare (0.2%; 2 TE participants with depression). Lipidchanges are shown (Figure 1). Conclusion: B/F/TAF was associated with high levels of effectiveness and persistence after 12M in this large real-world cohort of TN and TE PLWH with a high comorbidity burden. Effectiveness was demonstrated across key subgroups (females, older participants, late presenters). Importantly, there were no new or unexpected safety findings. Collectively, these real-world data continue to support the use of B/F/TAF in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: BICSTaR is an ongoing, multinational, observational cohort study evaluating B/F/TAF in ART therapy-naïve (TN) and ART-experienced (TE) PLWH. The BICSTaR population has a high baseline prevalence of comorbidities (particularly neuropsychiatric). PROs were prospectively collected. Materials and Methods: One hundred eighty TN/955 TE participants were considered for the 12M analysis (cut-off Feb 2021, including people enrolled from Jun 2018 to Sept 2020, i.e. partially during the COVID19 pandemic). PRO measures: Adherence [visual analogue scale (VAS)]; physical/mental health [short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire: Aggregated physical/mental component summary (PCS/MCS) scores; HIV-symptom index (HIV-SI; symptoms dichotomised into bothersome/not bothersome); HIV treatment satisfaction questionnaire (HIVTSQ; TE only); physician visits. VAS/SF-36/HIV-SI: Analysis population restricted to participants with questionnaires completed at both baseline/12M. SF-36/HIV-SI/HIVTSQ were described for participants with/without prior/ongoing neuropsychiatric comorbidities (TE only as TN subgroup was small). Results: Adherence to treatment was high at baseline (TE) and was maintained at 12M after switch to B/F/TAF [Table 1 (T1)]. Statistically significant improvements in PCS/MCS scores were observed in TN participants at 12M (p<0.05); scores remained stable in TE participants (Figure 1). The medyan (Q1, Q3) number of bothersome symptoms in TN participants declined from 6 (2, 9) at baseline to 2 (0, 6) at 12M (p<0.001; T1); TE, no change in absolute count. Statistically significant reductions in the frequency of several bothersome symptoms were reported in TN participants (p<0.05) (TE: No statistically significant changes). Treatment satisfaction was high at baseline (TE), with improvements observed at 12M following switch to B/F/TAF (p<0.001) (T1). Physician visits are shown (T1). In TE participants with baseline prior/ongoing neuropsychiatric comorbidities [275/955 (29%)], similar PRO trends were seen. Conclusion: In this real-world cohort of PLWH with a high prevalence of comorbidities (and in the setting of a global pandemic), patient-reported adherence, physical/mental health, bothersome symptoms, and treatment satisfaction were maintained/showed improvements during 12M of B/F/ TAF treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lay Abstract: Research has shown that many autistic students do not thrive in mainstream secondary schools. Often studies focus on the challenges autistic people face rather than what supports thriving. We reviewed published articles, exploring what factors helped autistic people create a positive experience in school from their own perspective. We identified 36 studies and analysed the direct quotes made by autistic adolescents and adults in these studies. Factors important for positive experience included the autistic student feeling understood and accepted by adults and peers in school, being able to shape sensory and social environments in ways that suited them and accessing engaging activities. This review highlighted ways in which schools can become more inclusive and positive environments for autistic students., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

The settlement of the National Football League (NFL) Players Concussion Litigation was founded on a unique set of circumstances: in essence that the NFL investigated the risk of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy-like harm and then denied the risk. These circumstances are unlikely to be repeated in any of the thousands of lawsuits presently proposed by "non-NFL athletes" around the globe. These athletes face the far more difficult task of proving their overseeing sporting organisation had, or should have had, knowledge that repeated head trauma in playing contact sport can cause severe long-term cognitive harm, but to do so relying on "archived" reports dating back decades., Competing Interests: None.