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The formation and evolution of laser-induced periodic structures (LIPSS) have attracted much attention due to their broad applications and rich physics. The literature has shown that excessive laser energy accumulation, such as increasing single pulse energy or cumulative pulse number on a sample, leads to a final fuzzy LIPSS period or even disappearance of the period. This article discovers a new phenomenon by increasing the laser fluence; the periodic structure appears blurred and disappears in the middle of the laser fluence region. Two contrary evolution tendencies of the period’s disappearance are observed for the first time. This phenomenon can be attributed to femtosecond ablation regimes in different fluence regions. The experimental results and discussion provide a powerful guarantee for the high-quality preparation of structures by controlling the experimental parameters for future practical applications. The findings of this study play a significant role in regulating the LIPSS period and provide ideas for avoiding the hidden danger of the cycle structure disappearing during the creation of the LIPSS structure, which has practical implications for future LIPSS applications.

The spatiotemporal mobility patterns and next location prediction of fake base stations (FBS) provide important technical support for the police to prevent spam messages from FBS. However, due to the difficulty in locating their real-time locations, our understanding of the mobility patterns and predictability of FBS is still limited. Based on the crowdsourced spam data, we extract the time and potential locations of FBS and propose a Tucker-MMC method that combines Tucker decomposition with a Mobility Markov Chain (MMC) model to investigate the mobility patterns and predictability of FBS sending spam messages. First, we utilize Tucker decomposition to reflect the spatial and temporal preferences during the movement of the corresponding FBS. Then the mobility regularity and the theoretical maximum predictability of the FBS trajectories with similar mobility preferences are analyzed by entropy and Fano's inequality. A Tucker-MMC is also established for the next location prediction. The results using the spam dataset in Beijing show that the accuracy of Tucker-MMC is more than double that of the MMC. The accuracy of the actual location prediction model is more likely to approach the theoretical maximum predictability when FBS send spam messages in a shorter time, shorter transfer distance, and smaller access range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better analyze and design the fabric structure, a layering overlay method is proposed for the fabrics with the layering relationship of backed weave, sandwich and double layers. According to the spatial relationship between the upper and lower layers of the fabric, the warp and weft yarns of different fabric layers are represented by the dark and light color groups of different shade, and the layers are drawn successively from the lower layer, the interlayer to the upper layer. The drawing method of layering overlay method is introduced with fabric CAD and Photoshop (PS) as application conditions, and the application of this method in fabric structure analysis and design is illustrated. When fabric CAD is used, the inner yarn and its interweaving law, the connecting yarn, the surface yarn and its interweaving law are superimposed from bottom to top. When drawing with PS, each layer of yarn and its interweaving rule are drawn on different layers respectively, and the upper and lower positions of the layers are adjusted according to the relationship between the layers in the fabric surface. Layering and superposition method makes the process of fabric drawing more intuitive, clear and convenient. It is helpful for designers to analyze, understand and innovate fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of hydrogen production through water electrolysis involves ionic interactions and the dynamic process of hydrogen bubble formation on the electrode surface. In this study, we employed a combination of femtosecond laser and hydrothermal synthesis to fabricate a novel MoS 2 electrode. The double-scale structure of this substrate increases its specific surface area, facilitating the presence of active sites for the hydrogen evolution reaction. The growth of nano-scale catalyst further enhances wettability, promoting rapid detachment of gas bubbles and replenishment of water. This method not only facilitates ionic interactions but also accelerates the formation of macroscopic bubbles. Under alkaline conditions, electrode achieved an impressive current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a low overpotential of only 99 mV. This novel MoS 2 hydrogen evolution catalyst holds practical value, paving the way for the design of more efficient and stable electrocatalysts. • Electrode showed superior hydrogen producing performance and objective durability. • The surface of MoS 2 /fs-Mo electrode has superhydrophilic and superaerophobic. • The wettability properties can be improved by growing nanostructures on substrates. • The forming process of bubbles was observed and analyzed by high-speed camera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tremendous progress has been seen in the study of the role of sialic acid binding im-munoglobulin type lectins (Siglecs) in osteoimmunology in the past two decades. Interest in Siglecs as immune checkpoints has grown from the recognition that Siglecs have relevance to human disease. Siglecs play important roles in inflammation and cancer, and play key roles in immune cell signaling. By recognizing common sialic acid containing glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids as regulatory receptors for immune cell signals, Siglecs are expressed on most immune cells and play important roles in normal homeostasis and self-tolerance. In this review, we describe the role that the siglec family plays in bone and bone homeostasis, including the regulation of osteoclast differentiation as well as recent advances in inflammation, cancer and osteoporosis. Particular emphasis is placed on the relevant functions of Siglecs in self-tolerance and as pattern recognition receptors in immune responses, thereby potentially providing emerging strategies for the treatment of bone related diseases. [Display omitted] • Siglec-15 is involved in osteoclast differentiation and maturation. • Siglecs significantly influence cancer progression. • CD22 and Siglec-G may be novel therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis. • Siglecs as pattern recognition receptors engage the bone innate immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retinoid-related orphan receptor-γ (RORγ) is a nuclear receptor that plays important roles in the development and activation of T helper type-17 (Th17) cells. In this study, we characterized the pharmacological profile of JTE-151 ((4S)-6-[(2-chloro-4-methylphenyl)amino]-4-{4-cyclopropyl-5-[cis-3-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)cyclobutyl]isoxazol-3yl}-6-oxohexanoic acid), which is a novel RORγ antagonist identified by our group. JTE-151 dissociated co-activator peptide from the human RORγ-ligand binding domain (LBD) and recruited co-repressor peptide into human RORγ-LBD, and potently inhibited the transcriptional activity of RORγ of human, mouse and rat. JTE-151 also demonstrated high selectivity against other receptors in nuclear receptor family. JTE-151 suppressed the differentiation of mouse naïve CD4 + T cells into Th17 cells without affecting the differentiation of those cells into other CD4 + T cell subsets in vitro. In addition, JTE-151 inhibited the production of interleukin-17 (IL-17) but not interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-4 from activated human helper T cells in vitro. Furthermore, treatment with JTE-151 suppressed the production of IL-17 in antigen-sensitized mice and ameliorated the severity of arthritis in mice with collagen-induced arthritis regardless of treatment start date. Based on these results, we reasoned that JTE-151 could serve as a novel therapeutic compound for various autoimmune diseases linked to Th17 cells, such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.