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SiC porous ceramics (SPCs) are key functional medium materials, which are widely applied as porous burners. However, SPCs produced via the polyurethane sponge replica technique usually exhibit a randomly distributed cellular structure, leading to vulnerability and a low combustion efficiency for the porous burners. In this study, SPCs were structurally designed via novel 3D printed resin template technique; this endowed the SPCs with synergistically optimized strength and combustion characteristics. SPCs containing tetrakaidecahedron, octahedron and cubic cells were successfully prepared via SiC slurry coating and sintering in air. The cell parameters determined the strength and combustion properties of the SPCs. The SPCs containing cubic cells exhibited the largest strength and strain, because more struts were present parallel to the loading direction; this is more advantageous for stress bearing compared to those vertical to the loading direction. The tetrakaidecahedron cell facilitated the formation of a disturbance effect within the SPCs to a higher extent than the cubic and octahedron cells, thereby enhancing the heat exchange performance between the fluid and porous framework. Hence, the SPC with tetrakaidecahedron cells exhibited the best combustion properties, which resulted in the highest surface temperature and lowest pollution emission.