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This study delves into the cytogenetic, molecular, and ecological aspects of the Alstroemeria pulchracomplex, emphasizing the role of prior morpho-colorimetric analyses in differentiating the infraspecific taxa of A. pulchra. The integration of advanced morpho-colorimetric analyses provided a quantitative basis for this differentiation, showcasing significant variations in flower morphology and coloration that precede and complement the cytogenetic, molecular, and ecological findings presented herein. Cytogenetic studies unveiled chromosomal disparities, and differentiated genetic clusters support the taxonomic separation of A. pulchravar. maximafrom A. pulchravar. pulchraand A. pulchrasubsp. lavandulacea. Additionally, updated morphometric descriptions, observations, and a differentiation key for the subspecies of A. pulchraare provided. This integrative approach not only deepens the understanding of biodiversity and adaptation in Alstroemeriabut also underscores the synergy between various scientific disciplines to unravel taxonomic complexities. The obtained results pose new questions about the evolution and adaptation in related Alstroemeriaspecies, the methodologies utilized can serve as a significant contribution to future research and conservation of this botanical genus with ornamental and ecological value.

To clarify the evolutionary history of the Lilium maculatum–L. pensylvanicumcomplex in Japan and to improve the circumscription of its component taxa, we conducted phylogenetic analyses based on chloroplast and nuclear internal and external transcribed spacer (ITS, ETS) DNA sequences, a genome‐wide analysis of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using multiplexed ISSR genotyping by sequencing (MIG‐seq), and morphological observations. Topological differences between the chloroplast and nuclear ITS + ETS phylogenies indicate that ancient hybridization or incomplete lineage sorting were involved in the origin of “maculatum”, but the relatively long length of relevant branches indicates that incomplete lineage sorting is implausible. The results of STRUCTURE analysis (K= 3, the highest delta Kvalue) using MIG‐seq indicate that “maculatum” has already developed its own cluster and can be considered a species (L. maculatum) that originated through the hybridization of L. pacificum(sp. nov.) and L. pensylvanicum. MIG‐seq Neighbor‐Net and STRUCTURE analyses (K= 3), as well as chloroplast DNA phylogeny, reveal that populations in disjunct limestone areas (L. maculatumvar. bukosanense) originated via the hybridization of L. maculatumand L. pacificum, whereas populations in the Sado‐Tobishima Islands (L. maculatumvar. sadoense, var. nov.) originated via hybridization between L. maculatumand L. pensylvanicum. These taxa appear to be more or less genetically isolated from other populations based on the STRUCTURE analysis (K= 5), although we do not know whether this isolation resulted from geographic distance or reproductive barriers. Based on available MIG‐seq and morphological data, respectively, we consider the two hybrid‐origin populations to be independent varieties. Furthermore, the morphology of seaside populations of L. maculatumin East Tohoku District appears to have deviated slightly from that of mountain populations (L. maculatumf. monticola); as such, coastal populations merit recognition as a form of L. maculatum(L. maculatumf. spontaneum, comb. & stat. nov.). Other seaside populations of L. maculatumin the West Tohoku District appear to have originated from populations of L. pacificum, but have been successively taken over by L. maculatumthrough introgression, and have consequently evolved into a form of L. maculatum(L. maculatumf. maculatum). In addition, we found putative extant hybrid populations of L. maculatum × L. pensylvanicum. We recognize three species, two varieties, two forms, and one hybrid in the L. maculatum–L. pensylvanicumcomplex in Japan.

Background: Few studies have investigated the relationships between preoperative or intraoperative patient factors and postoperative quality of life (QOL) after revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of our study was to identify the predictors of QOL after revision THA for aseptic loosening. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one patients who underwent revision THA for aseptic loosening were included in the present study. Preoperative hip function was evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. The patients' QOL after surgery was evaluated with EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D) assessment at the end of the 2-year follow-up. The patients were then divided into two groups: good QOL (score ≥ 0.6) and poor QOL (score < 0.6). Predictive factors (i.e., age, BMI, preoperative JOA score, and the degree of acetabular bone defect according to the Paprosky classification) were compared between both QOL groups. Furthermore, multiple linear regression was performed to assess independent factors affecting the QOL. Results: Significant differences between the good and poor QOL groups were identified for BMI, walking ability, and severity of acetabular bone defect (BMI: 21.5 ± 2.9 vs. 24.1 ± 4.3, P= 0.0331; walking ability: 11.5 ± 5.0 vs. 5.5 ± 4.9, P= 0.0058; acetabular bone defect: 44.4% vs. 81.0%, P= 0.0103). The walking ability independently affected the EQ-5D utility score. Conclusions: The present study indicates that a higher BMI, lower walking ability, and more severe acetabular bone defect are predictors of lower QOL after revision THA for aseptic loosening. In particular, the walking ability was the only independent factor. Thus, surgeons should pay attention to the postoperative management of patients with these risk factors.