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Perilla frutescens (PF) is a plant with various biological activities, including antioxidant and antidepressant activities; however, the efficacy of its fermented product has not been evaluated. Herein, we found that the Bacillus subtilis-fermented PF (FPF) increased non-rapid eye movement sleep and slow wave activity. FPF improved the sleep onset latency and sleep duration in a pentobarbital-induced sleep model, and this efficacy was abolished by the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) antagonist. In addition, FPF increased and decreased the neuronal activity in sleep-activating and inhibiting brain regions, respectively, and these effects were also blocked by A1R antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine. Furthermore, FPF exhibited direct binding and agonistic activities for A1R. HPLC/NMR analysis revealed uracil, protocatechuic acid, apigenin-7-O-diglucuronide, and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide to be the major active components responsible for the sleep-promoting efficacy of FPF. In conclusion, this study suggests that FPF has A1R agonistic activity and this novel activity may be critical for its sleep-promoting effect.

Abstract Limited information is available regarding the association between preoperative lung function and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients with esophageal cancer who undergo esophagectomy. This is a retrospective cohort study. Patients were classified into low and high lung function groups by the cutoff of the lowest fifth quintile of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) %predicted (%pred) and diffusing capacity of the carbon monoxide (DLco) %pred. The PPCs compromised of atelectasis requiring bronchoscopic intervention, pneumonia, and acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Modified multivariable-adjusted Poisson regression model using robust error variances and inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) were used to assess the relative risk (RR) for the PPCs. A joint effect model considered FEV1%pred and DLco %pred together for the estimation of RR for the PPCs. Of 810 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy, 159 (19.6%) developed PPCs. The adjusted RR for PPCs in the low FEV1 group relative to high FEV1 group was 1.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–2.00) and 1.98 (95% CI = 1.46–2.68) in the low DLco group relative to the high DLco group. A joint effect model showed adjusted RR of PPCs was highest in patients with low DLco and low FEV1 followed by low DLco and high FEV1, high DLco and low FEV1, and high DLco and high FEV1 (Reference). Results were consistent with the IPTW. Reduced preoperative lung function (FEV1 and DLco) is associated with post-esophagectomy PPCs. The risk was further strengthened when both values decreased together.

Remote sensing is a powerful technique for classifying and quantifying objects. However, the elaborate classification of objects in coastal waters with complex structures is still challenging due to the high possibility of class mixing. The classification through the hyperspectral images can be a reasonable alternative to problems related to such precise classification work because it has high spectral resolution over a wide bandwidth. This study introduced the results of the case study using a novel method to classify green algae on an artificial structure based on hyperspectral data and deep-learning models. The spectral characteristics of the attached green algae on the artificial structure were observed using a ground-based hyperspectral camera. The observed image had a total of three classes (concrete, dense green algae, and sparse green algae). A certain area of the image was used as learning data to create classification models for three classes. The classification models were created from one machine-learning (support vector machine, SVM) and two deep-learning models (convolutional neural network, CNN; and dense convolutional network, DenseNet). As a result, the performance for the classification results of green algae predicted from two deep-learning models was higher than that of the machine-learning model. Additionally, the deep-learning model successfully classified the interface area between concrete and green algae. This study suggests that the combination of hyperspectral data and deep learning could enable more precise classification of objects in coastal areas.

This study aims to analyze the gap between the level of heat wave adaptation policies and heat wave effects in South Korean municipalities. First, the types of industries in municipalities were classified using factor analysis and cluster analysis. Second, the level of heat wave adaptation policy in the municipalities was assessed using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process analysis. Third, the gap between the level of heat wave adaptation policy and the heat wave effect was analyzed. The results show that the heat wave adaptation policies were established in accordance with the heat wave effects to at least some degree. However, closer to the long-term future (2095), the policies have not sufficiently matched the level of heat wave effects. The proportion of municipalities with insufficient levels of heat wave adaptation policies against the heat wave effects was higher among urban-type municipalities. The analysis results suggest two policy implications. First, the heat wave adaptation policies of municipalities should be established through continuous feedback on the predictions of future heat wave effects. Second, urban-type municipalities should strengthen their planning authority and competence by securing a professional workforce and budgets for the establishment of heat wave adaptation policies.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have recently emerged as novel cardioprotective agents. However, their direct impact on cardiomyocyte injury is yet to be studied. In this work, we investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of empagliflozin (EMPA), an SGLT2 inhibitor, in mitigating palmitate (PA)-induced cardiomyocyte injury in H9c2 cells. We found that EMPA significantly attenuated PA-induced impairments in insulin sensitivity, ER stress, inflammatory cytokine gene expression, and cellular apoptosis. Additionally, EMPA elevated AMP levels, activated the AMPK pathway, and increased carnitine palmitoyl transferase1 (CPT1) gene expression, which collectively enhanced fatty acid oxidation and reduced stress signals. This study reveals a novel mechanism of EMPA’s protective effects against PA-induced cardiomyocyte injury, providing new therapeutic insights into EMPA as a cardioprotective agent.

Kirigami is an ancient paper art that involves cutting slit strategies, which could provide exotic and controllable engineering properties. Especially, kirigami can be combined with bio-inspired designs to improve its mechanical behaviors. A highly sensitive 3D vibration sensor has been developed using a 3D-printed structure inspired by vorticella-kirigami (VK). VK-inspired kirigami exhibits 2D-to-3D morphing and shape-programmable properties. Specifically, the VK-inspired vibrational structure has been optimized for a frequency of 2 Hz, with high sensitivity of 0.80 pF/ms−2. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is an essential application for ensuring the safety and reliability of civil infrastructure. Therefore, the tools for widely and easily accessible monitoring systems are highly demanded, considering a monitoring system with Internet-of-Things (IoT) as a promising application in this paper. The VK-inspired vibrational sensors can detect the impact delivering from the epicenter on fragile components of the structural structures through the message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol. Moreover, it allows seamless access to real-time or saved vibration data via multiple smartphones and personal computers. These SHM technologies hold the potential to significantly enhance their adoption in safety–critical domains.

Background/Aims Little is known about the effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the recurrence of gastric hyperplastic polyps after endoscopic resection. Thus, we evaluated the recurrence rate of gastric hyperplastic polyps based on H. pylori eradication following endoscopic resection. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 201 patients with H. pylori infection who underwent endoscopic resection for gastric hyperplastic polyps at six medical centers. H. pylori status was assessed by histological analysis and a rapid urease test. A total of 149 patients underwent successful H. pylori eradication (eradication group), whereas 52 patients had persistent H. pylori infections (non-eradication group). The recurrence rate of gastric hyperplastic polyps and the risk factors according to H. pylori status were analyzed. Results During the mean follow-up period of 18.3 months, recurrent gastric polyps developed after endoscopic resection in 10 patients (19.2% [10/52]) in the non-eradication group and 12 patients (8.1% [12/149]) in the eradication group. The cumulative incidence of recurrent gastric hyperplastic polyps was significantly higher in the non-eradication group than in the eradication group (p = 0.041, log-rank test). In the adjusted analysis, H. pylori eradication reduced the recurrence of gastric hyperplastic polyps (hazard ratio [HR], 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18 to 0.99), whereas anticoagulation therapy increased the risk of recurrence of gastric hyperplastic polyps (HR, 4.91; 95% CI, 1.39 to 17.28). Conclusions Successful eradication of H. pylori may reduce the recurrence of gastric hyperplastic polyps in patients after endoscopic mucosal resection.

Abstract We aimed to present the incidence and risk factors for pancreatic cancer in a multicenter retrospective cohort of patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Patients with ICD-10 codes for CP (K86.0, K86.1) who underwent abdominal CT or MRI between January 2010 and December 2021 in seven academic hospitals were analyzed. After exclusions, we identified 727 patients with definite CP with a median follow-up of 3.6 years (range 1.0‒12.9). During 3290 person-years of observation, pancreatic cancers were diagnosed in 16 patients (2.20%, 0.49% per year) after a median follow-up of 2.4 years (range 1.4‒6.6), with an age- and sex-standardized incidence ratio of 18.1 (95% CI 10.4‒29.5). The underlying CPs in the 16 pancreatic cancers were classified as chronic obstructive pancreatitis (10, 63%), chronic obstructive and calcifying pancreatitis (4, 25%), chronic calcifying pancreatitis (1, 6%), and autoimmune pancreatitis (1, 6%). Factors associated with pancreatic cancer development included age (HR 4.830, p = 0.006), parenchymal calcification (HR 0.213, p = 0.003), pancreatic duct stricture (HR 2.706, p = 0.048), and serum CA 19‒9 level (HR 3.567, p = 0.014). After adjustment, age over 60 years (HR 4.540, p = 0.009) and serum CA 19‒9 levels greater than 100 U/mL (HR 3.528, p = 0.015) were independent risk factors for pancreatic cancer.

Gas foil thrust bearings (GFTBs) have been successfully used to support the axial load of oil-free microturbomachinery with low drag friction due to the low viscosity of gas or air used as a bearing lubricant. However, the widespread use of GFTBs in various high-power turbomachinery still needs reliable test data and an accurate predictive model. This research measures the height profile of a test GFTB to determine its actual incline geometry and estimate the drag torque of the GFTB. The measured GFTB height profile demonstrates that the incline geometry is closer to a quadratic curve than a line, which has been conventionally used to model GFTBs mathematically. The newly developed GFTB test rig is used to measure the lift-off speed, drag torque, and maximum load capacity of the test GFTB. A series of rotor speed-up tests estimate that the lift-off speeds of the GFTB increase with the increase in preloads. The maximum load capacity is determined by increasing the static load on the GFTB until a sudden sharp peak in the drag torque appears. The new GFTB model using quadratic incline geometry is in suitable agreement with the measured height profile of the GFTB incline and measured drag torque during the load capacity test. In addition, a comparison of the predicted GFTB performances reveals that the quadratic incline geometry model predicts a higher load capacity than the linear model.

Abstract In this study, based on inspiration drawn from origami and the suction mechanism of leeches, a dry electrode is developed for reliable blood pressure (BP) monitoring. The leech-inspired suction mechanism generated a local soft vacuum facilitating appropriate contact with the human skin. Subsequently, an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor, termed a leech-inspired origami (LIO) sensor, was constructed using the developed dry electrode. The LIO with a sensing robot system ensures reliable ECG signals with a signal-to-noise ratio of 21.7 ± 0.56 dB. From the paired detection of ECG and photoplethysmography (PPG) through human–robot interaction, BP monitoring was demonstrated. The average difference of the systolic BP between that estimated by the sensing robot and that monitored by the sphygmomanometer was 0.03 mmHg, indicating the reliable BP monitoring ability of the sensing robot. The LIO sensing system inspired by origami and leech behaviors makes BP sensing tools feasible, which in turn would further the development of a remote healthcare monitoring robotic system.

Abstract Introduction We evaluated the radiologic and clinical outcomes of a lateral incision single plate with and a single-incision double plating in elderly patients with osteoporotic distal femoral fractures. Materials and methods We performed a retrospective study of 82 cases of distal femoral fractures from May 2004 to June 2018. Group A consisted of 42 patients who underwent single-plate fixation. Group B consisted of 40 patients who underwent double-plate fixation. The mean patient age was 77 years (67–87 years) and 76 years (64–86 years) in groups A and B, respectively. All patients were evaluated for procedure duration, time to union, range of knee motion, Lysholm knee score, and presence of complications. Results The average procedure time was 81 min (66–92 min) and 110 min (95–120 min) in groups A and B, respectively (p = 0.33). One case in group B required bone grafting after 5 months. The average time to union was 14 weeks (9–19 weeks) and 12.2 weeks (8–19 weeks) (p = 0.63), and the mean range of knee motion was 105° (90–125°) and 110.7° (90°–130°) (p = 0.37) in groups A and B, respectively. There was no significant statistical difference between the two groups in the Lysholm knee score (p = 0.44) and knee society score (p = 0.53). Conclusion The clinical and radiological outcomes were similar in the 2 groups. In elderly patients, double plate fixation for distal femoral fractures is an useful method for several advantages such as adequate exposure, easy manipulation, anatomical reduction and stable fixation.

Purpose: Thermoplastic masks keep patients in an appropriate position to ensure accurate radiation delivery. For a thermoplastic mask to maintain clinical efficacy, the mask should wrap the patient's surface properly and provide uniform pressure to all areas. However, to our best knowledge, no explicit method for achieving such a goal currently exists. Therefore, in this study, we intended to develop a real-time thermoplastic mask compression force (TMCF) monitoring system to measure compression force quantitatively. A prototype system was fabricated, and the feasibility of the proposed method was evaluated.Methods: The real-time TMCF monitoring system basically consists of four force sensor units, a microcontroller board (Arduino Bluno Mega 2560), a control PC, and an in-house software program. To evaluate the reproducibility of the TMCF monitoring system, both a reproducibility test using a micrometer and a setup reproducibility test using a head phantom were performed. Additionally, the reproducibility tests of mask setup and motion detection tests were carried out with a cohort of six volunteers.Results: The system provided stable pressure readings in all 10 trials during the sensor unit reproducibility test. The largest standard deviation (SD) among trials was about 36 gf/cm2 (∼2.4% of the full-scale range). For five repeated mask setups on the phantom, the compression force variation of the mask was less than 39 gf/cm2 (2.6% of the full-scale range). We were successful in making masks together with the monitoring system connected and demonstrated feasible utilization of the system. Compression force variations were observed among the volunteers and according to the location of the sensor (among forehead, both cheekbones, and chin). The TMCF monitoring system provided the information in real time on whether the mask was properly pressing the human subject as an immobilization tool.Conclusion: With the developed system, it is possible to monitor the effectiveness of the mask in real time by continuously measuring the compression force between the mask and patient during the treatment. The graphical user interface (GUI) of the monitoring system developed provides a warning signal when the compression force of the mask is insufficient. Although the number of volunteers participated in the study was small, the obtained preliminary results suggest that the system could ostensibly improve the setup accuracy of a thermoplastic mask.

This paper presents an algorithm to identify digital illiterates by analyzing age and emotions from facial recognition. In this paper, digital illiterates refer to people who struggle in using digital devices. The study assumed that older individuals who display surprised or angry facial expressions while using digital devices are more likely to be identified as digitally illiterate. For age detection, the study used MTCNN (Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networks), and for emotion detection, it employed the VGG-Face model. MTCNN detects facial features and landmarks to preprocess images and distinguish facial characteristics. The VGG-Face model uses convolution operations to analyze facial images and classify emotional states. The dataset used in the study consisted of 3,000 facial images collected from the internet. The research team categorized the images into faces of individuals aged over 50, angry expressions, and surprised expressions. The dataset included 411 individuals (13.7%) aged over 50, 163 individuals (5.4%) with angry expressions, and 145 individuals (4.8%) with surprised expressions. Accuracy was estimated by comparing the results from the DeepFace algorithm with those from the research team's classifications. The DeepFace algorithm achieved 95.77% accuracy in detecting individuals aged over 50, 83.45% accuracy for surprise, and 76.07% for anger. The results demonstrate that it is possible to identify digital illiterates based on their age and emotional expressions and could enable the development of personalized services to directly or indirectly support digital illiterates, potentially improving digital accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remodeling aging structures is common to enhance their structural, economic, and functional performance. However, the exceeding of bearing capacity of existing piles caused by increased upper loads due to vertical expansion frequently hinders their revitalization. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to control the demand-tocapacity ratio of existing piles without retrofitting the foundation, which is often accompanied by technical limitations and safety issues. A total of 12 tests were performed on four full-scale specimens, with tendon shape, wall thickness, boundary condition, and construction sequence as variables. Factors affecting load-transfer performance were identified based on test results. The target loadtransfer pattern implemented in accordance with the tendon shape was confirmed. To verify the validity of the method, tests using tendon shape and wall thickness as variables were compared with results from finite element analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Compared with conventional von Neumann’s architecture-based processors, neuromorphic systems provide energy-saving in-memory computing. We present here a 3D neuromorphic humanoid hand designed for providing an artificial unconscious response based on training. The neuromorphic humanoid hand system mimics the reflex arc for a quick response by managing complex spatiotemporal information. A 3D structural humanoid hand is first integrated with 3D-printed pressure sensors and a portable neuromorphic device that was fabricated by the multi-axis robot 3D printing technology. The 3D neuromorphic robot hand provides bioinspired signal perception, including detection, signal transmission, and signal processing, together with the biomimetic reflex arc function, allowing it to hold an unknown object with an automatically increased gripping force without a conventional controlling processor. The proposed system offers a new approach for realizing an unconscious response with an artificially intelligent robot.

BackgroundBismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) is recommended as empirical first-line therapy because it is not affected by antibiotic resistance. We examined whether past exposure to metronidazole affected BQT outcomes.MethodsThe records of seven hospitals were searched for patients who received BQT for Helicobacter pylori eradication between 2009 and 2020. The association between past metronidazole exposure and the eradication rate was evaluated.ResultsThis study was a multicenter retrospective study. Around 37,602 people tested for H. pylori infection were identified, and 7,233 received BQT. About 2,802 (38.7%) underwent a 13C-urea breath test to confirm eradication. The BQT efficacy was 86.4% among patients without metronidazole exposure and 72.8% among patients with exposure (p

At a disaster site, unforeseen circumstances can severely limit the activities of rescue workers. The best solution is for a cooperative team of robots and rescue workers to complete the rescue work. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a simple and low-cost sensing and control architecture for a search and rescue assistant robot using a thermal infrared sensor array, an ultrasonic sensor, and a three-axis accelerometer. In the proposed architecture, we estimate the location of human survivors using a low-cost thermal IR sensor array and generate and control the trajectory of approaching the searched human survivors. Obstacle avoidance and control are also possible through 3D position estimation of obstacles using 1D ultrasonic sensor integration. In addition, a three-axis accelerometer is used to estimate the tilt angle of the robot according to terrain conditions, and horizontal control of the storage box angle is performed using this feature. A prototype robot was implemented to experimentally validate its performance and can be easily constructed from inexpensive, commonly available parts. The implementation of this system is simple and cost-effective, making it a viable solution for search and rescue operations. The experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method, showing that it is capable of achieving a level storage box and identifying the location of survivors while moving on a sloped terrain.

Block copolymers generally have peculiar morphological characteristics, such as strong phase separation. They have been actively applied to polymer electrolyte membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to obtain well-defined hydrophilic regions and water channels as a proton pathway. Although molecular simulation tools are advantageous to investigate the mechanism of water channel formation based on the chemical structure and property relationships, classical molecular dynamics simulation has limitations regarding the model size and time scale, and these issues need to be addressed. In this study, we investigated the morphology of sulfonated block copolymers synthesized for PEM applications using a mesoscale simulation based on the dynamic mean-field density functional method, widely applied to investigate macroscopic systems such as polymer blends, micelles, and multi-block/grafting copolymers. Despite the similar solubility parameters of the monomers in our block-copolymer models, very different morphologies in our 3D mesoscale models were obtained. The model with sulfonated monomers, in which the number of sulfonic acid groups is twice that of the other model, showed better phase separation and water channel formation, despite the short length of its hydrophilic block. In conclusion, this unexpected behavior indicates that the role of water molecules is important in making PEM mesoscale models well-equilibrated in the mesoscale simulation, which results in the strong phase separation between hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions and the ensuing well-defined water channel. PEM synthesis supports the conclusion that using the sulfonated monomers with a high sulfonation degree (32.5 mS/cm) will be more effective than using the long hydrophilic block with a low sulfonation degree (25.2 mS/cm).

Several detectors have been developed to measure radiation doses during radiotherapy. However, most detectors are not flexible. Consequently, the airgaps between the patient surface and detector could reduce the measurement accuracy. Thus, this study proposes a dose measurement system based on a flexible copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cell. Our system comprises a customized CIGS solar cell (with a size 10 × 10 cm2 and thickness 0.33 mm), voltage amplifier, data acquisition module, and laptop with in-house software. In the study, the dosimetric characteristics, such as dose linearity, dose rate independence, energy independence, and field size output, of the dose measurement system in therapeutic X-ray radiation were quantified. For dose linearity, the slope of the linear fitted curve and the R-square value were 1.00 and 0.9999, respectively. The differences in the measured signals according to changes in the dose rates and photon energies were

Reset-first resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices were demonstrated for off-stoichiometric Ni1−xO thin films deposited using reactive sputtering with a high oxygen partial pressure. The Ni1−xO based RRAM devices exhibited both unipolar and bipolar resistive switching characteristics without an electroforming step. Auger electron spectroscopy showed nickel deficiency in the Ni1−xO films, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy showed that the Ni3+ valence state in the Ni1−xO films increased with increasing oxygen partial pressure. Conductive atomic force microscopy showed that the conductivity of the Ni1−xO films increased with increasing oxygen partial pressure during deposition, possibly contributing to the reset-first switching of the Ni1−xO films.

Two new lipo-decapeptides, namely taeanamides A and B (1 and 2), were discovered from the Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces sp. AMD43, which was isolated from a mudflat sample from Anmyeondo, Korea. The exact molecular masses of 1 and 2 were revealed by high-resolution mass spectrometry, and the planar structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined using a combined analysis of 1H-1H coupling constants and ROESY correlations, the advanced Marfey’s method, and bioinformatics. The putative nonribosomal peptide synthetase pathway for the taeanamides was identified by analyzing the full genome sequence data of Streptomyces sp. AMD43. We also found that taeanamide A exhibited mild anti-tuberculosis bioactivity, whereas taeanamide B showed significant bioactivity against several cancer cell lines.

Perilla, also termed as purple mint, Chinese basil, or Perilla mint, is a flavoring herb widely used in East Asia. Both crude oil and essential oil are employed for consumption as well as industrial purposes. Fatty acids (FAs) biosynthesis and oil body assemblies in Perilla have been extensively investigated over the last three decades. Recent advances have been made in order to reveal the enzymes involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis in Perilla. Among those fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid retained the attention of scientists mainly due to its medicinal and nutraceutical properties. Lipids synthesis in Perilla exhibited similarities with Arabidopsis thaliana lipids’ pathway. The homologous coding genes for polyunsaturated fatty acid desaturases, transcription factors, and major acyl-related enzymes have been found in Perilla via de novo transcriptome profiling, genome-wide association study, and in silico whole-genome screening. The identified genes covered de novo fatty acid synthesis, acyl-CoA dependent Kennedy pathway, acyl-CoA independent pathway, Triacylglycerols (TAGs) assembly, and acyl editing of phosphatidylcholine. In addition to the enzymes, transcription factors including WRINKLED, FUSCA3, LEAFY COTYLEDON1, and ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 have been suggested. Meanwhile, the epigenome aspect impacting the transcriptional regulation of FAs is still unclear and might require more attention from the scientific community. This review mainly outlines the identification of the key gene master players involved in Perilla FAs biosynthesis and TAGs assembly that have been identified in recent years. With the recent advances in genomics resources regarding this orphan crop, we provided an updated overview of the recent contributions into the comprehension of the genetic background of fatty acid biosynthesis. The provided resources can be useful for further usage in oil-bioengineering and the design of alpha-linolenic acid-boosted Perilla genotypes in the future.

Fluid film bearings lubricated with supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) eliminate the infrastructural requirement for oil lubricant supply and sealing in turbomachinery for sCO2 power systems. However, sCO2’s thermohydrodynamic properties, which depend on pressure and temperature, pose a challenge, particularly with computational model development for such bearings. This study develops a computational model for analyzing sCO2-lubricated tilting pad journal bearings (TPJBs) with external pressurization. Treating sCO2 as a real gas, the Reynolds equation for compressible turbulent flows solves the pressure distribution using the finite element method, and the Newton−Raphson method determines the static equilibrium position by simultaneously calculating forces, moments, flow rates of externally pressurized sCO2, and pressure drop due to flow inertia. The finite difference method solves the energy equation for temperature distribution. The density and viscosity of sCO2 are converged using the successive substitution method. The obtained predictions agree with the previous and authors’ computational fluid dynamics predictions, thus validating the developed model. Hybrid lubrication increases the minimum film thickness and stiffness up to 80% and 65%, respectively, and decreases the eccentricity ratio by up to 65% compared to those of pure hydrodynamic TPJB, indicating significant improvement in the load capacity. The bearing performance is further improved with increasing sCO2 supply pressure.