Search

Amanita manicata (Berk. & Broome) Pegler, Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 12: 216 (1986). Figure 1d Habitat: Solitary to scattered in black sand at berm of beach, on soil in grass or forest, in composted woodchips, April to October. Distribution: Known from Dominican Republic, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and the USA (Hawaiian Islands) (Petch 1910; Pegler 1986; Hemmes & Desjardin 2008). Specimens examined: THAILAND. Chiang Rai Province: Mae Salong District, N 20°12’21”, E 99°41’12”, alt. 570 m, 1Aug 2019, Yuan S. Liu, STO-2019-347 (SDBR-STO-2019-347, GenBank accession no.: nrLSU = OM 980706, ITS = ON000813, RPB2 = ON007283, and TEF1 -α = ON007301); Chiang Mai Province: Sansai District, N 19°05’17”, E 98°58’43”, alt. 410 m, 6 Aug 2019, Yuan S. Liu, STO-2019-390 (SDBR-STO-2019-390, GenBank accession no.: nrLSU = ON692698, ITS = ON692927); Chiang Mai Province: Mueang District, N 18°52’05”, E 98°56’42”, alt. 354 m, 25 Jun 2020, Yuan S. Liu, STO-2020-34 (SDBR-STO-2020-34, GenBank accession no.: nrLSU = OM 980707, ITS = ON000814, RPB2 = ON007284, and TEF1 -α = ON007302); Yuan S. Liu, STO-2020-36 (SDBR-STO-2020-36, GenBank accession no.: nrLSU = OM 980708, ITS = ON000815, RPB2 = ON007285, and TEF1 -α = ON007285). Remarks: Amanita manicata is characterized by its yellowish brown to pale tawny brown pileus covering with floccoso-verrucose to felty squamules; margin appendiculates with large floccose fragments which hang down up to 2 cm; the cylindrical stipe covering with tawny brown floccoso-squamose which becomes more intense and thicker as upwards; the cream to whitish or pinkish tint lamellae; the subglobose and amyloid basidiospores (7.0–8.5 × 5.5–8.0 μm), as well as the present clamps. In our phylogenetic analysis, A. manicata closed to A. flavofloccosa Nagas. & Hongo, A. foetidissima Reid & Eicker and A. nauseosa (Wakef.) Reid and they formed a sister group (Figure 2). Meanwhile, these four species share the similar appearance and color tone of basidioma, as well as the intense and unpleasant odor, which make people easily confuse for these species in the field. However, A. flavofloccosa can be distinguished from A. manicata by its yellow-brown to orange-yellow pileus and white, pinkish to yellowish lamellae (Cui et al. 2018). Amanita foetidissima, originally reported from South Africa (Reid & Eicker 1991), has a pale creamy buff to buff pileus, oval to subglobose (7.0–9.0 × 6.2–8.0 μm), to broadly ellipsoid (9.0–10.0 × 6.0–6.2 μm) basidiospores, as well as the larger basidia (50.0–52.0 × 9.0–9.5 μm). Although A. nauseosa is very similar to A. manicata, it has a buff, or reddish-tinged to pale ochraceous buff surface and the greater basidiospores (7.0–9.0 × 6.5–8.0 μm) (Bas 1969)., Published as part of Liu, Yuan S., Kumla, Jaturong, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Sysouphanthong, Phongeun & Lumyong, Saisamorn, 2022, Three species of Amanita section Lepidella (Amanitaceae, Agaricales) from northern Thailand, pp. 16-28 in Phytotaxa 570 (1) on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7529863, {"references":["Petch, T. (1910) Revisions of Ceylon fungi. Annals of the Royal Botanic Gardens Peradeniya 4: 373 - 444. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 24919 # page / 405 / mode / 1 up (accessd 11 October 2022)","Pegler, D. N. (1986) Agaric flora of Sri Lanka. Kew Bulletin Additional Series XII, 519 pp.","Hemmes, D. E. & Desjardin, D. E. (2008) Annotated list of Boletes and Amanita in the Hawaiian Islands. North American Fungi 3: 167 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.2509 / naf 2008.003.00710","Cui, Y. Y., Cai, Q., Tang, L. P., Liu, J. W. & Yang, Z. L. (2018) The family Amanitaceae: molecular phylogeny, higher-rank taxonomy and the species in China. Fungal Diversity 91: 5 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 018 - 0405 - 9","Reid, D. A. & Eicker, A. (1991) South African fungi: the genus Amanita, Mycological Research 95: 80 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0953 - 7562 (09) 81364 - 6","Bas, C. (1969) Morphology and subdivision of Amanita and a monograph of its section Lepidella. Persoonia 5: 285 - 579."]}

Amanita albicarnosa Yuan S. Liu & S. Lumyong sp. nov. Figure 1a, 1b and 3 MycoBank number: 844132 Etymology: albicarnosa, from albus = whitish, and carnosus = flesh-colored, refers to the white pileus and fleshcolored lamellae of this species. Holotype: THAILAND. Chiang Rai Province: Mueang District, Nang Lae, N 20°01’32’’, E 99°52’19’’, alt. 397 m, 2 May 2020, Yuan S. Liu, STO-2020-003 (CMUB-39971, GenBank accession no.: nrLSU = ON695876, ITS = ON695869, RPB2 = ON704631, TEF1 -α = ON704634 and TUB = ON704637). Diagnosis: Amanita albicarnosa is recognized by having small to medium-sized basidiomata; a white to yellowish white pileus covering floccose to patchy or felted, white to pale yellow volval remnants; a subcylindrical stipe coving fibrillose white scales, and a fugacious subapical annulus, as well as the present clamp. Description: Basidiomata small to medium-sized. Pileus 2.4–5.3 cm diam., convex to applanate, white (1A1) to yellowish white (4A2); volval remnants on pileus floccose to patchy or felted, white (1A1) to pale yellow (4A3), densely arranged on the disk; margin non-striate; context white, unchanging. Lamellae free, crowded, white (1A1) to orange white (5A2); lamellulae attenuate. Stipe 4.1–9.1×0.6–1.0 cm (length includes bulb), subcylindrical and slightly tapering upward, with apex slightly expanded, white (1A1) to pale yellow (4A3), coving fibrillose white (1A1) scales; context fistulose, white (1A1); basal bulb not obvious, sometimes fusiform or ventricose, 0.8–1.2cm diam., covering fibrillose, white (1A1) to pale yellow (4A3) volval remnants. Annulus superior, fragile, white (1A1). Odor not recorded. Lamellar trama bilateral. Mediostratum 10–25 μm wide, composed of abundant clavate to fusiform inflated cells (30–75 × 6–11 μm); filamentous hyphae fairly abundant to abundant, 1–4 μm wide; vascular hyphae scarce. Lateral stratum 10–30 μm wide, composed of abundant clavate to sub-cylindrical inflated cells (35–65 × 5–13 μm), diverging at an angle of ca. 30° to 45° to mediostratum; filamentous hyphae fairly abundant, 3–5 μm wide. Subhymenium 10–25 μm thick, with 2–3 layers of subglobose, pyriform, or irregular cells, 8–17 × 7–13 μm. Basidia (Figure 3b) 40–50 × 8.5–13 μm, clavate, 4-spored; sterigmata 2–3.5 μm long; basal septa clamped. Basidiospores (Figure 3a) [100/3/2] (6) 7–9 (9.5) × 5–7 μm, avl X avw = 8.0 × 6.0 μm, Q = 1.15–1.55(1.70) μm, Qm = 1.34 ± 0.12, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, amyloid, orange white, thin-walled, smooth; apiculus small. Pileipellis 90–145 μm thick, composed of radial, thin-walled, greyish yellow to dark yellow, filamentous hyphae 4–10 μm wide; vascular hyphae scarce. Volval remnants on pileus (Figure 3c) composed of irregularly arranged elements: filamentous hyphae scattered to abundant, 3–8 μm wide, light brown to yellowish brown, thin-walled, branching, anastomosing; inflated cells very abundant to dominant, subglobose, pyriform, clavate to fusiform, sometimes irregular, 33–150 × 8–28 μm, thin-walled; vascular hyphae scarce. Volval remnants on stipe base is semblable with the structure of volval remnants on pileus, filamentous hyphae scattered to abundant, 1–7 μm wide, thin-walled, branching, anastomosing; inflated cells very abundant to dominant, ellipsoid, clavate to sub-cylindrical, 23–135 × 8–32 μm, thin-walled; vascular hyphae scarce. Stipe trama composed of longitudinally arranged elements: filamentous hyphae dominant, 3–14 μm wide; inflated cells fairly abundant, ellipsoid, clavate to sub-cylindrical, 70–130 × 12–28 μm; vascular hyphae scarce. Clamps present in all parts of basidiomata. Habitat: Solitary to scattered in the rice stubble field. Basidiomata occur at the beginning of the rainy season, April to May. Distribution: Currently known from northern Thailand (Chiang Rai Province). Additional collections examined: THAILAND. Chiang Rai Province: Mueang District, N 20°01’32’’, E 99°52’19’’, alt. 397 m, 2 May 2020, Yuan S. Liu, STO-2020-001 (SDBR- STO-2020-001, GenBank accession no.: nrLSU = ON695875, ITS = ON695868, RPB2 = ON704630, TEF1 -α = ON704633 and TUB = ON704636); STO-2020-004 (SDBR- STO-2020-004, GenBank accession No.: nrLSU = ON695877, ITS = ON695870, RPB2 = ON704632, TEF1 - α = ON704635 and TUB = ON704638). Remarks: Our phylogenetic analyses (Figure 2) showed that Amanita albicarnosa is closely related to A. inopinata, A. pruittii, A. quitensis and A. singer. However, A. Amanita inopinata has a larger cap entirely covered with the thick, cottony, pale gray-brown felt which disrupts into very prominent darker pyramidal warts (Reid 1987); Amanita pruittii has a very small to very large cap (2.0–15.0 cm) and much longer and wider stipe (3.0–15.0 × 6.0–4.0 cm), appears to be much stronger than A. albicarnosa (Tulloss et al. 2014); Amanita quitensis (Crous et al. 2018) was firstly reported from Ecuador and this species appears under thick, dense, hard, scale-shaped warts on its white pileus, as well as the globose or rarely subglobose basidiospores (6.0–12.0 × 6.5–9.5 μm, Q = 1.04 μm); Amanita singer, originally described from Argentina, has the white to greyish white pileus, the rather inconspicuous volva remnants on the cap and the particular salmon-colored gills (Bas 1969)., Published as part of Liu, Yuan S., Kumla, Jaturong, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Sysouphanthong, Phongeun & Lumyong, Saisamorn, 2022, Three species of Amanita section Lepidella (Amanitaceae, Agaricales) from northern Thailand, pp. 16-28 in Phytotaxa 570 (1) on pages 20-23, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7529863, {"references":["Reid, D. A. (1987) New or interesting records of British hymenomycetes VII. Notes from the Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh 44: 503 - 540.","Tulloss, R. E., Lindgren, J. E., Arora, D., Wolfe, B. E. & Rodriguez-Caycedo, C. (2014) Amanita pruittii - a new, apparently saprotrophic species from US Pacific coastal states. Amanitaceae 1: 1 - 9.","Crous, P. W., Wingfield, M. J., Burgess, T. I., Hardy, G. E., Gene, J., Guarro, J., Baseia, I. G., Garcia, D., Gusmao, L. F. P., Souza-Motta, C. M., Thangavel, R., Adamcik, S., Barili, A., Barnes, C. W., Bezerra, J. D. P., Bordallo, J. J., Cano-Lira, J. F., de Oliveira, R. J. V., Ercole, E., Hubka, V., Iturrieta-Gonzalez, I., Kubatova, A., Martin, M. P., Moreau, P. A., Morte, A., Ordonez, M. E., Rodriguez, A., Stchigel, A. M., Vizzini, A., Adbollahzadeh, J., Abreu, V. P., Adamcikova, K., Albuquerque, G. M. R., Alexandrova, A. V., Alvarez, D. E., Armstrong-Cho, C., Banniza, S., Barbosa, R. N., Bellanger, J. M., Bezerra, J. L., Cabral, T. S., Carbon, M., Caicedo, E., Cantillo, T., Carnegie, A. J., Carmo, L. T., Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F., Clement, C. R., Cmokova, A., Conceicao, L. B., Cruz, R. H. S. F., Damm, U., da Silva, B. D. B., da Silva, G. A., da Silva, R. M. F., de Santiago, A. L. C. M., de Oliveira, L. F., de Souza, C. A. F., Deniel, F., Dima, B., Dong, G., Edwards, J., Felix, C. R., Fournier, J., Gibertoni, T. B., Hosaka, K., Iturriaga, T., Jadan, M., Jany, J. L., Jurjevic, Z., Kolarik, M., Kusan, I., Landekk, M. F., Leite Cordeiro, T. R., Lima, D. X., Loizides, M., Luo, S., Machado, A. R., Madrid, H., Magalhaes, O. M. C., Marinho, P., Matocec, N., Mesic, A., Miller, A. N., Morozova, O. V., Neves, R. P., Nonaka, K., Novakova, A., Oberlies, N. H., Oliveira-Filho, J. R. C., Oliveira, T. G. L., Pap, V., Pereira, O. L., Perrone, G., Peterson, S. W., Pham, T. H. G., Raja, H. A., Raudabaugh, D. B., iRehulka, J., RodrAgues-Andrade, E., Saba, M., SchauflerovAi, A., Shivas, R. G., Simonini, G., Siqueira, J. P. Z., Sousa, J. O., Stajsic, V., Svetasheva, T., Tan, Y. P., Tkalcec, Z., Ullah, S., Valente, P., Valenzuela-Lopez, N., Abrinbana, M., Viana Maques, D. A., Wong, P. T. W., Xavier de Lima, V. & Groenewald, J. Z. (2018) Fungal planet description sheets: 716 - 784. Persoonia 40: 240 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / persoonia. 2018.40.10","Bas, C. (1969) Morphology and subdivision of Amanita and a monograph of its section Lepidella. Persoonia 5: 285 - 579."]}

Key to the Thai species of Amanita sect. Lepidella 1. Basidioma large; pileus golden yellow covering with fibrillose to floccoso or somewhat pulverulent, vivid yellow volval remnants; clamps absent;......................................................................................................................................................... A. aureofloccosa 1. Basidioma small to very large; pileus white or pale tawny brown covering with fibrillose white scales or floccoso-verrucose to felty squamules; clamps present;.......................................................................................................................................................2 2. Basidioma small to medium-size, pileus white to yellowish white; Annulus superior; basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid; ...................................................................................................................................................................................... A. albicarnosa 2. Basidioma large to very large, pileus yellowish brown to pale tawny brown; Annulus apical to subapical; basidiospores subglobose;..................................................................................................................................................................... A. manicata

Amanita aureofloccosa Bas, Persoonia 5: 384 (1969). Figure 1c and 4 Basionym: Lepiota aurea Beeli, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 59: 105. 1927; non Amanita aurea (Beeli) E. J. Gilbert, Iconogr. Mycol. 27: 205. 1941 (= Amanitopsis aurea Beeli, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 63: 108. 1931). Basidiomata large. Pileus 10.5–13.9 cm diam., plano-convex to applanate at maturity; volval remnants on pileus fibrillose to floccose or somewhat pulverulent, vivid yellow (3A8) to yellow (3B8), densely arranged on the disk; margin non-striate, appendiculate; context white (1A1), unchanging. Lamellae free, crowded, white (1A1); lamellulae attenuate with some subtruncate. Stipe 16.2–24.5× 1.8–2.1 cm, cylindrical and slightly tapering upwards, covered by vivid yellow (3A8) to yellow (3B8), floccose and somewhat pulverulent scales; context fistulose, white (1A1); basal part slightly inflated, fibrillose to floccose, light yellow (1A5) to vivid yellow (3A8) volval remnants. Annulus apical, fragile, sub-membranous, vivid yellow (3A8) to yellow (3B8). Odor not recorded. Lamellar trama bilateral. Mediostratum 10–15 μm wide, composed of abundant sub-cylindrical inflated cells (40–62 × 8–15 μm); filamentous hyphae abundant to dominant, 1–10 μm wide; vascular hyphae scarce. Lateral stratum 15–23 μm wide, composed of abundant clavate to sub-cylindrical inflated cells (20–53 × 8–15 μm), diverging at an angle of ca. 30° to 45° to mediostratum; filamentous hyphae abundant, 2–7 μm wide. Subhymenium 15–25 μm thick, with 1–3 layers of subglobose, or irregular cells, 6–12 × 5–11 μm. Basidia (Figure 4b) 33–53 × 11–15 μm, clavate, 4-spored; sterigmata up to 3–4 μm long; basal septa lacking clamps. Basidiospores (Figure 4a) [50/2/2] (8) 8.5–10 (10.5) × 7–9 (9.5) μm, avl X avw = 9.1 × 8.4 μm, Q = 1.0–1.19 (1.29) μm, Qm = 1.09 ± 0.07, globose to subglobose, sometimes broadly ellipsoid, amyloid, colorless, guttulate, thin-walled, smooth; apiculus small. Pileipellis composed of radial, thin-walled, yellowish white, filamentous hyphae 3–18 μm wide; vascular hyphae scarce. Volval remnants on pileus (Figure 4c) composed of yellowish white, interwoven to repent arranged elements: filamentous hyphae fairly abundant, 2–9 μm wide, thin-walled, branching, anastomosing; inflated cells very abundant to dominant, slenderly clavate to fusiform, 18–165 × 10–40 μm, thin-walled; vascular hyphae scarce. Volval remnants on stipe base is semblable with the structure of volval remnants on pileus, filamentous hyphae scattered, 4–6 μm wide, thin-walled, branching, anastomosing; inflated cells very abundant to dominant, ellipsoid, clavate to sub-cylindrical, 23–200 × 18–35 μm, thin-walled; vascular hyphae scarce. Stipe trama composed of longitudinally arranged, filamentous hyphae, 5–15 μm wide; vascular hyphae scarce. Clamps absent in all parts of basidiomata.. Habitat: Solitary to scattered on soil in subtropical semi-deciduous seasonal forest, tropical deciduous forest, and on the ground along a road, in slightly sun-exposed areas, April to September. Distribution: This species is currently known in Brazil (Wartchow et al. 2015), Colombia (Palacio et al. 2015), Ghana (Pegler 1968; Wartchow et al. 2015), the Southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Bas 1969), and Thailand (this study). Specimens examined: THAILAND. Chiang Rai Province: Mueang District, N 20°02’29’’, E 99°49’47’’, alt. 435 m, 22 Jun 2020, Phongeun Sysouphanthong, PS-2020-38 (SDBR-STO-2020-PS38, GenBank accession no.: nrLSU = OM 980704, ITS = ON000811, RPB2 = ON007281, and TEF1 -α = ON007299); Phongeun Sysouphanthong, PS-2020- 39 (SDBR-STO-2020-PS39, GenBank accession No.: nrLSU = OM 980705, ITS = ON000812, RPB2 = ON007282, and TEF1 -α = ON007300); Chiang Mai Province: Mueang District, N 18°47’48’’, E 98°57’11’’, alt. 334 m, 11 Jun 2021, J. Kumla & N. Suwannarach, NK1470 (SDBR-CMUNK1470, GenBank accession no.: ITS = ON695871). Remarks: Morphologically, Amanita aureofloccosa is unique among congeners by having a pulverulent, bright orange-yellow volva remnant on its pileus, a slender stipe covered by orange-yellow floccose scales, a globose to subglobose, amyloid basidiospore and the lacking clamps in all parts of basidiomata. According to the original literature (Bas 1969), the basidiospores size of A. aureofloccosa was described as 7–8.5 × 6.5–8.5 μm, but Wartcow et al. (2015) re-examined the lectotype (BR2229) and additional material from Ghana (K173243), and amended the basidiospores size to (6.5–) 6.8–10.5 (–10.8) × (6.5–) 6.8–10.2 (–10.5) μm, of which the results are similar to Thai material. Significantly, compared to the materials from other countries, our collections from Thailand have larger basidiomata and basidia., Published as part of Liu, Yuan S., Kumla, Jaturong, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Sysouphanthong, Phongeun & Lumyong, Saisamorn, 2022, Three species of Amanita section Lepidella (Amanitaceae, Agaricales) from northern Thailand, pp. 16-28 in Phytotaxa 570 (1) on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7529863, {"references":["Wartchow, F., Cortez, V. G. & Cavalcanti, M. A. Q. (2015) Studies on Amanita (Amanitaceae) in Brazil: the discovery of A. aureofloccosa in the Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany 38: 639 - 643. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 40415 - 015 - 0161 - y","Palacio, M., Gutierrez, Y., Franco-Molano, A. E. & Callejas-Posada, R. (2015) New records of macrofungi (Basidiomycota) for Colombia from a tropical dry forest. Actualidades Biologicas 37: 79 - 99. https: // revistas. udea. edu. co / index. php / actbio / article / view / 331466 / 20787556","Pegler, D. N. (1968) Studies on African Agaricales: I. Kew Bulletin 21: 499 - 533. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4107943","Bas, C. (1969) Morphology and subdivision of Amanita and a monograph of its section Lepidella. Persoonia 5: 285 - 579."]}